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  • 2015-2019  (11)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2017  (11)
  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zhang, Bowen; Tian, Hanqin; Lu, Chaoqun; Dangal, R S Shree; Yang, Jia; Pan, Shufen (2017): Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860-2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling. Earth System Science Data, 9(2), 667-678, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-667-2017
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Given the important role of nitrogen input from livestock systems in terrestrial nutrient cycles and the atmospheric chemical composition, it is vital to have a robust estimation of the magnitude and spatiotemporal variation in manure nitrogen production and its application to cropland across the globe. In this study, we used the dataset from the Global Livestock Impact Mapping System (GLIMS) in conjunction with country-specific annual livestock populations to reconstruct the manure nitrogen production during 1860-2014. The estimated manure nitrogen production increased from 21.4 Tg N/yr in 1860 to 131.0 Tg N/yr in 2014 with a significant annual increasing trend (0.7 Tg N/ yr, p 〈 0.01). Changes in manure nitrogen production exhibited high spatial variability and concentrated in several hotspots (e.g., Western Europe, India, northeastern China, and southeastern Australia) across the globe over the study period. In the 1860s, the northern midlatitude region was the largest manure producer, accounting for ~52 % of the global total, while low-latitude regions became the largest share (~48 %) in the most recent 5 years (2010-2014). Among all the continents, Asia accounted for over one-fourth of the global manure production during 1860-2014. Cattle dominated the manure nitrogen production and contributed ~44 % of the total manure nitrogen production in 2014, followed by goats, sheep, swine, and chickens. The manure nitrogen application to cropland accounts for less than one-fifth of the total manure nitrogen production over the study period. The 5 arcmin gridded global dataset of manure nitrogen production generated from this study could be used as an input for global or regional land surface and ecosystem models to evaluate the impacts of manure nitrogen on key biogeochemical processes and water quality. To ensure food security and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to implement proper manure management practices on cropland across the globe.
    Keywords: File content; File format; File name; File size; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-11-09
    Description: Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies were carried out on the Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks, widely exposed on the southeastern Liaodong Peninsula in Northeast China, in order to determine their ages and petrogenesis and further to provide constraint on the tectonic nature of the north segment of Paleoproterozoic Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. The zircons from the monzogranitic gneisses, magnetite-bearing granitic gneisses, biotite-monzogranitic gneisses, and amphibole-bearing granitic gneisses fall into two groups, namely, magmatic and metamorphic. U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data show that the magmatic zircons have peak ages of ~2,194, 2,485–2,603, and 2,951 Ma, and these age groups yield ε Hf values of +0.86 to +9.29, −3.04 to +3.70, and −2.86 and T C DM model ages of 2.19–2.67, 2.76–3.21, and 3.56 Ga, respectively, whereas the metamorphic zircons have a peak age of 1,910 Ma, ε Hf values of −7.71 to −2.02 and +0.69 to +7.63, with the corresponding T C DM model ages of 2.72 to 3.01 Ga and 2.08 to 2.52 Ga, respectively. Most of these granitic rocks are characterized by depletion in elements such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti, and peraluminous and belong to the high- to medium-K calc-alkaline series, suggesting I-type granites, whereas a few samples have high contents of SiO 2 , alkalis, and TFe 2 O 3 and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, which show typical features of A-type granites. We consider these granitic rocks were emplaced at 2,194 Ma and modified by a regional metamorphic event at 1,910 Ma. The parental magma was originated mainly from the partial melting of Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic juvenile crustal materials. Taking into account the regional geology, we consider these granitic rocks were formed in relation to subduction at an active continental margin. A crustal growth event took place at 2.5–2.2 Ga and a metamorphic event at ~1.9 Ga.
    Print ISSN: 0072-1050
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1034
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-12-12
    Description: APOBEC3 induces mutations during repair of CRISPR–Cas9-generated DNA breaks APOBEC3 induces mutations during repair of CRISPR–Cas9-generated DNA breaks, Published online: 11 December 2017; doi:10.1038/s41594-017-0004-6 The APOBEC-AID family of cytidine deaminases target single-stranded nucleic acids for cytidine-to-uridine deamination and can thereby affect DNA repair processes that occur during CRISPR–Cas9-mediated genome editing.
    Print ISSN: 1545-9993
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-9985
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-12-22
    Description: Yunnan is one of most important provinces with mineral resources and exploration in China. Meanwhile, Yunnan is Chinese ecological protective screen and try to be Pacesetter of ecological civilization. However, mining industry always disturbs ecological environment seriously. So green mine construction is inevitable and the best choice for Yunnan. In this paper, achievement of green mine construction in Yunnan was summarized. Then the paper takes two mines from Dahongshan and 4 mines from Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co., Ltd (YPC for short) as case studies. Technological innovation in Dahongshan Fe Mine and Dahongshan Cu Mine guarantees their success of green mine construction. Land rehabilitation and harmonious community are highlights of 4 mines from YPC. These modes and experience could be referential to construct green mine.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-06-24
    Description: Reclaimed water is useful for replenishing dried up rivers in North China, although changes in water quality could be an issue. Therefore, it is essential to understand the spatio-temporal variation and the controlling factors of water quality. Samples of Yongding River water were collected seasonally, and 24 water quality parameters were analyzed in 2015. All waters were alkaline, and nitrate-nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen, while phosphorus was mostly below detection level. The water quality parameters varied in time and space. Cluster analysis showed a distinct difference between winter and the other seasons and between the natural river section and the section with reclaimed water. Based on the analysis of Gibbs plots, principal component analysis, and ionic relationships, the water chemistry was controlled by dissolution of rocks in natural river section, the quality of replenished water, the effects of dilution, and the reaction of aqueous chemistry in the reclaimed water section. The positive oxidation environment in most of the river water was conducive to the formation of nitrate-nitrogen by nitrification, and not conducive to denitrification.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-05-11
    Description: Spherical microphone arrays have been paid increasing attention for their ability to locate a sound source with arbitrary incident angle in three-dimensional space. Low-frequency sound sources are usually located by using spherical near-field acoustic holography. The reconstruction surface and holography surface are conformal surfaces in the conventional sound field transformation based on generalized Fourier transform. When the sound source is on the cylindrical surface, it is difficult to locate by using spherical surface conformal transform. The non-conformal sound field transformation by making a transfer matrix based on spherical harmonic wave decomposition is proposed in this paper, which can achieve the transformation of a spherical surface into a cylindrical surface by using spherical array data. The theoretical expressions of the proposed method are deduced, and the performance of the method is simulated. Moreover, the experiment of sound source localization by using a spherical array with randomly and uniformly distributed elements is carried out. Results show that the non-conformal surface sound field transformation from a spherical surface to a cylindrical surface is realized by using the proposed method. The localization deviation is around 0.01 m, and the resolution is around 0.3 m. The application of the spherical array is extended, and the localization ability of the spherical array is improved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: ABSTRACT Relapses are observed in most HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), but the rates of relapse vary widely among studies and whether all patients with relapse need retreatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different definitions on the rates of post-treatment relapse and therefore on the probability of retreatment in such patients who discontinued effective long-term NAs therapy. In total, 130 non-cirrhotic HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients before NAs were included. All had on-therapy virological remission for ≥24 months and close follow-up for ≥12 months after stopping NAs or until retreatment, which started on stringent predefined criteria. Relapses rates based on several predetermined definitions of virological and perhaps biochemical criteria were assessed. The median duration of therapy was 60 and of on-therapy virological remission 43 months. During a median off-NAs follow-up of 15 months, no patient experienced liver decompensation or died. Cumulative relapse rates ranged between 2%-49% at 3, 4%-73% at 6, 11%-82% at 12 and 16%-90% at 24 months, whereas cumulative retreatment rates were 15%, 22% and 40% at 6, 12 and 24 months after NAs discontinuation. No patient characteristic was independently associated with the probability of relapse based on at least two definitions or of retreatment. In conclusion, in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue NAs, the definition of relapse has great impact on the off-NAs relapse rates and potentially on the probability of retreatment. Regardless of definition, off-NAs relapses cannot be easily predicted by the patients' characteristics. A substantial proportion of such patients may not require retreatment if stringent criteria are adopted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: Purpose To evaluate the utility of the whole-lesion histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for characterizing the heterogeneity of mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) and to determine which ADC metrics may help to best differentiate subtypes of MBC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study involved 52 MBC patients, including 37 pure MBC (PMBC) and 15 mixed MBC (MMBC). The PMBC patients were subtyped into PMBC-A (20 cases) and PMBC-B (17 cases) groups. All patients underwent preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T and the whole-lesion ADC assessments were generated. Histogram-derived ADC parameters were compared between PMBC vs. MMBC and PMBC-A vs. PMBC-B, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal histogram parameters for differentiating these groups. Results The PMBC group exhibited significantly higher ADC values for the mean ( P  = 0.004), 25 th ( P  = 0.004), 50 th ( P  = 0.004), 75 th ( P  = 0.006), and 90 th percentiles ( P  = 0.013) and skewness ( P  = 0.021) than did the MMBC group. The 25 th percentile of ADC values achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.792), with a cutoff value of 1.345 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, in distinguishing PMBC and MMBC. The PMBC-A group showed significantly higher ADC values for the mean ( P  = 0.049), 25 th ( P  = 0.015), and 50 th ( P  = 0.026) percentiles and skewness ( P  = 0.004) than did the PMBC-B group. The 25 th percentile of the ADC cutoff value (1.476 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s) demonstrated the best AUC (0.837) among the ADC values for distinguishing PMBC-A and PMBC-B. Conclusion Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis enables comprehensive evaluation of an MBC in its entirety and differentiating subtypes of MBC. Thus, it may be a helpful and supportive tool for conventional MRI. Level of Evidence : 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-09-13
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06400
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: Ginsenoside Rg5 increases cardiomyocyte resistance to ischemic injury through regulation of mitochondrial hexokinase-II and dynamin-related protein 1 Cell Death and Disease 8, e2625 (February 2017). doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.43 Authors: Yi-Lin Yang, Jia Li, Kang Liu, Lei Zhang, Qun Liu, Baolin Liu & Lian-Wen Qi
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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