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  • Articles  (3)
  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 2017  (2)
  • 2016  (1)
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  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
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    Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Environmental Research, 129, pp. 76-101, ISSN: 01411136
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-23
    Description: With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species’ potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While densities and diversities of some taxa can recover to or even exceed pre-disturbance levels, community composition remains affected after decades. The loss of hard substrata or alteration of substrata composition may cause substantial community shifts that persist over geological timescales at mined sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Limnology & Oceanography
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Large quantities of methane are stored in hydrates and permafrost within shallow marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. These reservoirs are highly sensitive to climate warming, but the fate of methane released from sediments is uncertain. Here, we review the principal physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate methane fluxes across the seabed, the fate of this methane in the water column, and potential for its release to the atmosphere. We find that, at present, fluxes of dissolved methane are significantly moderated by anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane. If methane fluxes increase then a greater proportion of methane will be transported by advection or in the gas phase, which reduces the efficiency of the methanotrophic sink. Higher freshwater discharge to Arctic shelf seas may increase stratification and inhibit transfer of methane gas to surface waters, although there is some evidence that increased stratification may lead to warming of sub-pycnocline waters, increasing the potential for hydrate dissociation. Loss of sea-ice is likely to increase wind speeds and sea-air exchange of methane will consequently increase. Studies of the distribution and cycling of methane beneath and within sea ice are limited, but it seems likely that the sea-air methane flux is higher during melting in seasonally ice-covered regions. Our review reveals that increased observations around especially the anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane, bubble transport, and the effects of ice cover, are required to fully understand the linkages and feedback pathways between climate warming and release of methane from marine sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Impact of anthropogenic disturbances on surface sediments of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Pacific Ocean (2017)
    In:  EPIC3MiningImpact: "Ecological Aspects of Deep-Sea Mining" Open stakeholder day and final scientific discussion meeting, Natural History Museum, London, 2017-10-18-2017-10-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-19
    Description: One of the world‘s biggest manganese nodule fields on Earth is found in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) in the NE Pacific Ocean at 4-5 km water depth. Commercial deep-sea mining activities will affect the deep-sea environment1. We assess the recovery state of controlled anthropogenic disturbances within the CCZ which were created between 1 day and up to 37 years prior to sampling. Here, we present pore-water and solid-phase data of the upper 20 cm of sediment of disturbed sites in comparison with adjacent undisturbed reference sites. We focus on the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the geochemical conditions of the sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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