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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying human influences on atmospheric temperature
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 2013-01-02), p. 26-33
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 2013-01-02), p. 26-33
    Abstract: We perform a multimodel detection and attribution study with climate model simulation output and satellite-based measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature change. We use simulation output from 20 climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. This multimodel archive provides estimates of the signal pattern in response to combined anthropogenic and natural external forcing (the fingerprint) and the noise of internally generated variability. Using these estimates, we calculate signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios to quantify the strength of the fingerprint in the observations relative to fingerprint strength in natural climate noise. For changes in lower stratospheric temperature between 1979 and 2011, S/N ratios vary from 26 to 36, depending on the choice of observational dataset. In the lower troposphere, the fingerprint strength in observations is smaller, but S/N ratios are still significant at the 1% level or better, and range from three to eight. We find no evidence that these ratios are spuriously inflated by model variability errors. After removing all global mean signals, model fingerprints remain identifiable in 70% of the tests involving tropospheric temperature changes. Despite such agreement in the large-scale features of model and observed geographical patterns of atmospheric temperature change, most models do not replicate the size of the observed changes. On average, the models analyzed underestimate the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere and overestimate the warming of the troposphere. Although the precise causes of such differences are unclear, model biases in lower stratospheric temperature trends are likely to be reduced by more realistic treatment of stratospheric ozone depletion and volcanic aerosol forcing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210514109
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Human and natural influences on the changing thermal structure of the atmosphere
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 43 ( 2013-10-22), p. 17235-17240
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 43 ( 2013-10-22), p. 17235-17240
    Abstract: Since the late 1970s, satellite-based instruments have monitored global changes in atmospheric temperature. These measurements reveal multidecadal tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling, punctuated by short-term volcanic signals of reverse sign. Similar long- and short-term temperature signals occur in model simulations driven by human-caused changes in atmospheric composition and natural variations in volcanic aerosols. Most previous comparisons of modeled and observed atmospheric temperature changes have used results from individual models and individual observational records. In contrast, we rely on a large multimodel archive and multiple observational datasets. We show that a human-caused latitude/altitude pattern of atmospheric temperature change can be identified with high statistical confidence in satellite data. Results are robust to current uncertainties in models and observations. Virtually all previous research in this area has attempted to discriminate an anthropogenic signal from internal variability. Here, we present evidence that a human-caused signal can also be identified relative to the larger “total” natural variability arising from sources internal to the climate system, solar irradiance changes, and volcanic forcing. Consistent signal identification occurs because both internal and total natural variability (as simulated by state-of-the-art models) cannot produce sustained global-scale tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling. Our results provide clear evidence for a discernible human influence on the thermal structure of the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305332110
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Diurnal Correction on Satellite-Derived Lower Tropospheric Temperature
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2005
    In:  Science Vol. 309, No. 5740 ( 2005-09-02), p. 1548-1551
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 309, No. 5740 ( 2005-09-02), p. 1548-1551
    Abstract: Satellite-based measurements of decadal-scale temperature change in the lower troposphere have indicated cooling relative to Earth's surface in the tropics. Such measurements need a diurnal correction to prevent drifts in the satellites' measurement time from causing spurious trends. We have derived a diurnal correction that, in the tropics, is of the opposite sign from that previously applied. When we use this correction in the calculation of lower tropospheric temperature from satellite microwave measurements, we find tropical warming consistent with that found at the surface and in our satellite-derived version of middle/upper tropospheric temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1114772
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Construction and Uncertainty Estimation of a Satellite‐Derived Total Precipitable Water Data Record Over the World's Oceans
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Earth and Space Science Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 197-210
    Details
    In: Earth and Space Science, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 197-210
    Abstract: The paper describes the construction of a long‐term (1988‐2017) total precipitable water data set using from microwave imaging satellites An uncertainty analysis is performed using a Monte Carlo Method, resulting in an error ensemble The resulting data set shows a global mean, ocean‐only trend in TPW of 0.436 kg/m 2 per decade or 1.49% per decade
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2333-5084 , 2333-5084
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ess2.v5.5
    DOI: 10.1002/2018EA000363
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3.2 Atmospheric Temperature Records from the MSU and AMSU Microwave Sounders
    American Meteorological Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2009-06-01), p. 1040-1056
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2009-06-01), p. 1040-1056
    Abstract: Measurements made by microwave sounding instruments provide a multidecadal record of atmospheric temperature change. Measurements began in late 1978 with the launch of the first Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and continue to the present. In 1998, the first of the follow-on series of instruments—the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units (AMSUs)—was launched. To continue the atmospheric temperature record past 2004, when measurements from the last MSU instrument degraded in quality, AMSU and MSU measurements must be intercalibrated and combined to extend the atmospheric temperature data records. Calibration methods are described for three MSU–AMSU channels that measure the temperature of thick layers of the atmosphere centered in the middle troposphere, near the tropopause, and in the lower stratosphere. Some features of the resulting datasets are briefly summarized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0426 , 0739-0572
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JTECHA1176.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Intercomparison of total precipitable water measurements made by satellite‐borne microwave radiometers and ground‐based GPS instruments
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2015-03-27), p. 2492-2504
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2015-03-27), p. 2492-2504
    Abstract: Ground‐based GPS and microwave satellite retrievals of water vapor agree well Comparisons of GPS and Satellite water vapor are important for data set validation
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v120.6
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022694
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Estimated errors in retrievals of ocean parameters from SSMIS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 120, No. 12 ( 2015-06-27), p. 5816-5830
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 12 ( 2015-06-27), p. 5816-5830
    Abstract: Errors in retrievals from a satellite‐borne microwave radiometer are estimated Error estimates describe the differences between satellite retrievals well Differences between satellite retrievals and other measurements are too small
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v120.12
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JD023049
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
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    Assessing uncertainty in estimates of atmospheric temperature changes from MSU and AMSU using a Monte-Carlo estimation technique
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. D8 ( 2011-04-20)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. D8 ( 2011-04-20)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JD014954
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Sensitivity of Satellite-Derived Tropospheric Temperature Trends to the Diurnal Cycle Adjustment
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2016-05-15), p. 3629-3646
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2016-05-15), p. 3629-3646
    Abstract: Temperature sounding microwave radiometers flown on polar-orbiting weather satellites provide a long-term, global-scale record of upper-atmosphere temperatures, beginning in late 1978 and continuing to the present. The focus of this paper is the midtropospheric measurements made by the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) channel 2 and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) channel 5. Previous versions of the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) dataset have used a diurnal climatology derived from general circulation model output to remove the effects of drifting local measurement time. This paper presents evidence that this previous method is not sufficiently accurate and presents several alternative methods to optimize these adjustments using information from the satellite measurements themselves. These are used to construct a number of candidate climate data records using measurements from 15 MSU and AMSU satellites. The new methods result in improved agreement between measurements made by different satellites at the same time. A method is chosen based on an optimized second harmonic adjustment to produce a new version of the RSS dataset, version 4.0. The new dataset shows substantially increased global-scale warming relative to the previous version of the dataset, particularly after 1998. The new dataset shows more warming than most other midtropospheric data records constructed from the same set of satellites. It is also shown that the new dataset is consistent with long-term changes in total column water vapor over the tropical oceans, lending support to its long-term accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0744.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0744.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 10
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    A Reanalysis of the MSU Channel 2 Tropospheric Temperature Record
    American Meteorological Society ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2003-11), p. 3650-3664
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2003-11), p. 3650-3664
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016〈3650:AROTMC〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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