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  • Haferlach, Torsten  (13)
  • Reichle, Albrecht  (13)
  • Schnittger, Susanne  (13)
  • 1
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    Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Outcome Is Determined By Age, Genetic Group, White Blood Cell Count, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Rather Than By Chemotherapy Intensity
    American Society of Hematology ; 2013
    In:  Blood Vol. 122, No. 21 ( 2013-11-15), p. 1447-1447
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 122, No. 21 ( 2013-11-15), p. 1447-1447
    Abstract: Data on benefit and toxicity by treatment intensification for AML are now available and allow rediscussing current dosing. Methods In a multicenter trial involving patients between 16 and 86 years of age, patients below 60 years received uniform double induction by the 1st course with standard dose araC/ daunorubicin (60mg/m²x3)/ thioguanine followed by the 2nd course with high-dose araC (3g/m²x6)/ mitoxantrone (10mg/m²x3), or randomly two high-dose courses. As age adaption patients of 60y or older received the 2nd course only in case of persistent blasts, and high-dose araC at 1 instead of 3g/m². Post remission treatment was consolidation and maintenance or randomly autologous stem cell transplantation in younger patients. Results 3369 patients entered the trial with 1843 patients 60y or older. A multivariate analysis identified age as continuous variable, favorable cytogenetics/ molecular genetics, unfavorable cytogenetics, white blood cell count and lactate dehydrogenase as categorical variables to be risk factors predicting complete remission, overall survival as well as relapse free survival. To separate the age effect from the treatment effect, two subgroups of similar age and baseline characteristics but different treatment were compared. Thus, the 239 patients aged 57-59 and the 336 patients aged 60-62 years shared not only similar age but also similar baseline characteristics, while their treatment by protocol and age adaption differed substantially. The difference as expressed by the cumulative araC dosis amounted to a factor of 3.6, which however did not translate into a different overall survival (equally 28%) or relapse rate (equally 70%) at 5 years. In contrast to different treatment, different age had a strong effect on outcome. Thus, the survival in patients aged 16-46y was 65% at 5 years versus 40% in those of 47-59y receiving the same treatment (p 〈 0.001). A corresponding age related difference was also found between the patients of 60-66y and those of 67-86y (p 〈 0.001) receiving the same age adapted treatment. As shown by others in patients of 18-60y doubling an intermediate cumulative dose of araC produced excessive toxicity without therapeutic benefit (Löwenberg B et al. NEJM 2011; 364: 1027-36), while high dose daunorubicin (90mg/m²) instead of standard dose (45mg/m²) improved the remission rate and survival in younger patients (Fernandez H et al. NEJM 2009; 361: 1249-59) and older patients of 60-65y (Löwenberg B et al. NEJM 2009; 361: 1235-48). No comparable data are available about daunorubicin 60mg/m² the standard in present study. Conclusion Age and disease biology rather than chemotherapy intensity are the main determinants of outcome in AML. Once a certain intensity and antileukemic effect has been achieved, a further escalation does not seem to overcome the age factor in AML. Present data require rediscussing current chemotherapy dosing and treatment alternatives. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V122.21.1447.1447
    RVK:
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    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 2
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    Double Induction Containing Two Courses Versus One Course of High- Dose AraC/ Mitoxantrone (HAM) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Prolonged Maintenance for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
    American Society of Hematology ; 2005
    In:  Blood Vol. 106, No. 11 ( 2005-11-16), p. 272-272
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 106, No. 11 ( 2005-11-16), p. 272-272
    Abstract: Intensification by high-dose araC in post-remission (NEJM331:896,1994) or induction (Blood87:1710,1996; Blood88:2841,1996) therapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation (Lancet351:700,1998) are efforts to improve the cure rate in AML. Starting in 1999 the German AMLCG randomized the patients to receive double induction (Blood93:4116,1999) by TAD- HAM (TAD, standard dose thioguanine/araC/daunorubicin; HAM, high-dose araC 3 (age & lt;60y) or 1 (age 60+y) g/m2 x 6 with mitoxantrone) versus HAM-HAM. The 2nd course was initiated on day 21 in all patients of & lt;60 years and in those older patients with residual b.m. blasts. By the same up-front randomization patients & lt;60 years were assigned to post-remission BuCy myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, or to prolonged maintenance by monthly reduced TAD courses (JCO21:4496,2003), whereas all patients of 60+ years went on to maintenance. Each of the two initial randomizations was balanced for the other, and was also balanced for age, de-novo versus secondary AML/high-risk MDS, cytogenetic groups (favorable, intermediate, unfavorable), LDH, and WBC. A total of 1770 patients entered the trial with 840 patients of & lt;60 years and 930 patients of 60+ years, 1324 patients with de-novo AML, 295 patients with AML after MDS, 97 patients with tAML, 54 patients with high-risk MDS. The outcome in the younger and older patients was 70% and 53% CR, 42% and 19% overall survival at 3 years, 40% and 19% relapse-free survival, and 47% and 23% ongoing remissions. The calculated dosage of araC delivered for remission induction differed by factor 2 within each age group. There was, however, no difference in the CR rate, overall survival, relapse-free survival, or remission duration between the two randomized induction arms in any age group. Furthermore, there was no such difference in any risk group defined by de-novo or other AML, favorable or intermediate or unfavorable karyotype, WBC, LDH, and day 16 residual b.m. blasts. Similarly, the randomization to autologous transplantation versus maintenance failed to produce different outcome in any prognostic subgroup. These findings were even true after adjustment for allogeneic stem cell transplantations which were performed with priority in patients having matched family donors. In conclusion, on the basis of age adapted TAD-HAM double induction and prolonged maintenance the cytotoxic potential may have been exhausted and may not be further escalated in any prognostic group of AML. Only novel targeted chemotherapy and optimized conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation is expected to contribute additional curative potential to current management for AML.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V106.11.272.272
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 3
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    Outcome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy within the AMLCG99 Trial
    American Society of Hematology ; 2011
    In:  Blood Vol. 118, No. 21 ( 2011-11-18), p. 2773-2773
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 118, No. 21 ( 2011-11-18), p. 2773-2773
    Abstract: Abstract 2773 Introduction: For patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes an epigenetic therapy with hypomethylating agents is considered standard of care. Intensive chemotherapy can be offered to a subset of patients; however, data about the long-term outcome of MDS patients receiving intensive chemotherapy are scarce. Methods: For this evaluation, 104 adult patients with IPSS intermediate-2 or high-risk MDS with at least 10% bone marrow blasts of all age groups treated within the AMLCG1999 trial were included. Patients were randomized upfront to receive 1. double induction therapy with either standard-dose containing TAD - versus high-dose containing HAM–HAM, 2. TAD consolidation therapy followed by either a monthly maintenance therapy for 3 years after achievement of CR or an autologous stem cell transplantation (patients aged ≥ 60 years were all assigned to maintenance therapy), and 3. blast priming with filgastrim starting on day -1 of chemotherapy in selected centers. Results: Fifty-four patients had IPSS Score intermediate-2 and 50 patients were IPSS high risk. Median bone marrow blast count at diagnosis was 15%. The median age was 63.5 years (range: 27–76 years), 39 patients (37.5 %) were female. Median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum level was 296 U/l, median leukocyte count at diagnosis was 5,950 per μl. The cytogenetic risk groups were as follows: favorable 3, intermediate 57, unfavourable 37, missing 7. Among 38 patients with normal karyotype, NPM1/FLT3 mutational status was available for 22 with 5 patients having the combination NPM1 mutated/FLT3 wildtype. Comparison with 2051 patients with de novo AML within the same trial revealed the following significant differences: patients with MDS were older, had a higher male to female ratio, a lower LDH serum level at diagnosis, a lower leukocyte count at diagnosis and were more likely to have adverse cytogenetic risk. Compared to 636 patients with secondary AML after MDS, cytotoxic therapy or irradiation, the cohort of patients with MDS did not display any significant differences except the sex distribution. Patients with MDS displayed a CR rate of 48% (50/104 patients), which was significantly lower than de novo AML patients (67%) and not different to secondary AML patients (47%). Median overall survival in MDS patients was 320 (95% CI: 236 to 505) days with a 2-year and 5-year survival of 33.4% (95% CI: 23.6% to 43.2%) and 22.7% (95% CI: 13.5% to 31.9%), respective, which was significantly (p=0.03) lower than in patients with de novo AML (median 484, 95% CI 435 to 541 days) and comparable to patients with secondary AML (median 282, 95% CI 224 to 311 days, p=0.13). Median relapse-free survival in responding MDS patients was 536 (95% CI: 264 to 1299) days with no significant differences of RFS compared to de novo or secondary AML patients. In multivariate analyses, the diagnosis of MDS remained an independent prognostic factor for CR probability but had no independent influence on survival compared with de novo AML patients. Nine patients proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission of whom six remain in first complete remission between 1354 and 1911 days after achievement of CR. In addition, 16 patients remained in CR for more than one year without allogeneic transplantation. Discussion: Taken together, outcome of patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk MDS after intensive chemotherapy is comparable to the outcome of patients with secondary AML. Adjustment for known risk factors such as age, cytogenetic risk and LDH revealed that inferior outcome of MDS patients compared to patients with de novo AML is attributable to the higher incidence of adverse risk factors. CR-rates appear to be higher compared to hypomethylating therapy and a fraction of MDS patients experiences long-term survival by intensive chemotherapy. Allogeneic transplantation can improve long-term survival for patients achieving remission. Disclosures: Krug: MedA Pharma: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Alexion: Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Sunesis: Honoraria. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V118.21.2773.2773
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
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    Long-Term Results in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): The Influence of High-Dose AraC, G-CSF Priming, Autologous Transplantation, Prolonged Maintenance, Age, History, Cytogenetics, and Mutation Status. Data of the AMLCG 1999 Trial.
    American Society of Hematology ; 2009
    In:  Blood Vol. 114, No. 22 ( 2009-11-20), p. 485-485
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 114, No. 22 ( 2009-11-20), p. 485-485
    Abstract: Abstract 485 In order to assess the relative value of major treatment variables for AML and subgroups in a representative setting 2693 patients were treated in a multicenter trial. To avoid a selection during treatment and to provide intention-to-treat conditions in a factorial design patients were randomized up-front in one step to receive TAD-HAM versus HAM-HAM induction, G-CSF priming with all chemotherapy courses during the 1st year versus no G-CSF, and for postremission therapy TAD consolidation followed by monthly myelosuppressive maintenance versus autologous stem cell transplantation instead of maintenance (TAD, thioguanine, araC standard dose and daunorubicin; HAM, araC 3 (age 〈 60) or 1 (age 60+) g/m2 × 6 with mitoxantrone; G-CSF 150μg/m2/day from 48h before until the end of the chemotherapy course; maintenance, 5-day standard dose araC with daunorubicin or with thioguanine or with cyclophosphamide alternatingly). The median age was 61 (range 16-85) years with 55% of patients 60 years or older, 27% patients had AML secondary to cytotoxic treatment or myelodysplasia. Favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable cytogenetics were found in 7.5%, 67% and 25.5% of patients, respectively. Among 956 patients with normal cytogenetics the mutation status was availabel with NPM1 mut/ FLT3-ITD neg in 33% and other combinations in 67%. The median observation time for the entire patients was 4.4 years . In the patients 〈 60 years the overall survival (OS) at 5 years is 40%. 65% went into complete remission (CR). Their relapse rate (RR) at 5 years is 52%. Patients of 60+years show an OS of 13% at 5 years, a CR rate of 54%, and a RR of 81% at 5 years. There were no significant differences in these parameters with respect to randomizations between TAD-HAM versus HAM-HAM, G-CSF priming versus no G-CSF, maintenance versus autologous stem cell transplantation. In a multivariate analysis including all patients and ages the main determinants of OS were age 60+y (HR 2.00; 95% CI 1.82-2.21), de-novo AML (0.79; 0.71-0.88), unfavorable karyotype (2.05; 1.84-2.28), favorable karyotype (0.47; 0.37-0.60), day 16 b.m. blast clearance (0.66; 0.61-0.74), and LDH (1.36; 1.19-1.54). Corresponding factors for the RR were age 60+ (1.90; 1.65-2.18), unfavorable karyotype (1.83; 1.54-2.17), favorable karyotype (0.41; 0.30-0.55), LDH (1.33; 1.11-1.59), and day 16 b.m. blast clearance (0.79; 0.68-0.93). In patients with normal karyotype the main determinants of OS were age 60+ (2.12; 1.77-2.54), NPM1mut/ FLT3-ITD neg (0.45; 0.36-0.56), and for the RR age 60+ (1.87; 1.49-2.35), and NPM1mut/ FLT3-ITD neg (0.37; 0.29-0.48). Even in patients 〈 60 years age older than the median (47y) is a major risk factor for OS (1.56; 1.33-1.82) and RR (1.35; 1.10-1.66). Conclusion: In a prospective analysis of representative and unselected patients with AML the outcome of therapy is mainly determined by chromosomal and molecular abnormalities and by older age as an own risk factor. The influence of treatment variables such as substantial increase in high-dose araC, G-CSF priming, or autologous SCT is neglectable. Present data may contribute a basis for novel molecular and immunologic approaches. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V114.22.485.485
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 5
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    Morphologic Dysplasia in De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Is Related to Unfavorable Cytogenetics but Has No Independent Prognostic Relevance Under the Conditions of Intensive Induction Therapy: Results of a Multiparameter Analysis From the German AML Cooperative Group Studies
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2003-01-15), p. 256-265
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2003-01-15), p. 256-265
    Abstract: Purpose: On the basis of cytomorphology according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, we evaluated the prognostic impact of dysplastic features and other parameters in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also assessed the clinical significance of the recently introduced World Health Organization (WHO) classification for AML, which proposed dysplasia as a new parameter for classification. Patients and Methods: We analyzed prospectively 614 patients with de novo AML, all of whom were diagnosed by central morphologic analysis and treated within the German AML Cooperative Group (AMLCG)-92 or the AMLCG-acute promyalocytic leukemia study. Results: Patients with AML M3, M3v, or M4eo demonstrated a better outcome compared with all other FAB subtypes (P 〈 .001); no prognostic difference was observed among other FAB subtypes. The presence or absence of dysplasia failed to demonstrate prognostic relevance. Other prognostic markers, such as age, cytogenetics, presence of Auer rods, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at diagnosis, all showed significant impact on overall and event-free survival in univariate analyses (P 〈 .001 for all parameters tested). However, in a multivariate analysis, only cytogenetics (unfavorable or favorable), age, and high LDH maintained their prognostic impact. Dysplasia was not found to be an independent prognostic parameter, but the detection of trilineage dysplasia correlated with unfavorable cytogenetics. Conclusion: Our results indicate that cytomorphology and classification according to FAB criteria are still necessary for the diagnosis of AML but have no relevance for prognosis in addition to cytogenetics. Our results suggest that the WHO classification should be further developed by using cytogenetics as the main determinant of biology. Dysplastic features, in particular, have no additional impact on predicting prognosis when cytogenetics are taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.08.005
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 6
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    In Reply
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 24, No. 34 ( 2006-12-01), p. 5472-5473
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 24, No. 34 ( 2006-12-01), p. 5472-5473
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.4319
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 7
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    Treatment of AML in biological subgroups
    Informa UK Limited ; 2005
    In:  Hematology Vol. 10, No. sup1 ( 2005-09), p. 281-285
    Details
    In: Hematology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 10, No. sup1 ( 2005-09), p. 281-285
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1607-8454
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10245330512331390212
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 8
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    Treatment of older patients with AML
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2005-11), p. 247-259
    Details
    In: Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2005-11), p. 247-259
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-8428
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.09.010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025731-4
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  • 9
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    Changes in the Hierarchy of Risk Factors with Older Age in De-Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
    American Society of Hematology ; 2006
    In:  Blood Vol. 108, No. 11 ( 2006-11-16), p. 1977-1977
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 108, No. 11 ( 2006-11-16), p. 1977-1977
    Abstract: After recent reports addressed prognostic factors and outcome in older age AML (Burnett et al. Blood106:162a,2005; Wheatley et al. Blood106:199a,2005; Appelbaum et al. Blood107:3481–5,2006; Farag et al. Blood108:63–73,2006) we evaluated 764 patients of 60–85 (median 66) years reduced to those with de-novo AML, known karyotype, and identical consolidation-maintenance chemotherapy, who were part of the 1992 and 1999 multicenter randomized trials by the German AMLCG (Buchner et al. J Clin Oncol21:4496–504,2003;24:2480–9,2006). 521 patients were 60 - 〈 70 (median 64) and 243 patients were 70–85 (median 73) years of age. 64% and 50% patients respectively went into complete remission, 24% and 29% remained with persistent AML, 12% and 21% succumbed to early and hypoplastic death (p 〈 .001). The overall survival in the younger (60- 〈 70y) and older (70+) patients was at a median of 13 vs 6 months and 18% vs 8% survived at 5 years (p 〈 .001). Once in complete remission, the remission duration was 14 vs 12 months (median) and equally 18% at 5 years; the relapse-free survival is 13 vs 11 months (median) and 14% vs 13% at 5 years. While all patients were randomized up-front for 2 versions of induction either by TAD-HAM (HAM, high-dose araC 1g/m2x6 and mitox 10mg/m2x3) or by HAM-HAM, response and survival did not differ between the two arms in neither age group. In contrast to response and survival between the younger (60- 〈 70y) and older (70+y) age group corresponding differences in the risk profiles were missing. Thus, favorable/intermediate/unfavorable karyotypes accounted for 8% vs 4% / 67% vs 73% / and 25% vs 24% of patients (p=.073); WBC 〉 20.000/ccm was found in 40% vs 39% (p=.52); LDH 〉 700U/L was remarkably 26% vs 18% (p=.014), and the day 16 b.m. blasts ≥ 10% accounted for 41% and 41% of patients. Conclusion: Approximately 50% of patients 70 years of age or older benefit from standard or intensive chemotherapy by complete remission which continues after 1 year in about 50% of responders. The inferior overall survival in the patients of 70+ versus those of 60- 〈 70 years is mainly explained by more frequent early and hypoplastic death (21% vs 12%) (p=.0016) and death with persistent AML (26% vs 18%) (p=.0145); while death in remission (7% vs 6%), relapse rate (50% vs 53%) and death after relapse (21% vs 26%) did not show this trend. In contrast to the important differences in outcome, established risk factors such as cytogenetic groups, WBC, and early blast clearance show concordance between the two age groups. The even lower LDH may support assumptions of older age AML as a less proliferative disease (Appelbaum et al. Blood 107:3481–5,2006). Thus, the hierarchical risk profiles cannot predict the age related outcome beyond 60 years in patients with de-novo AML.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V108.11.1977.1977
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 10
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    Intensification of Induction by High-Dose AraC and Outcome in Older Patients with De-Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Subsets.
    American Society of Hematology ; 2006
    In:  Blood Vol. 108, No. 11 ( 2006-11-16), p. 1978-1978
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 108, No. 11 ( 2006-11-16), p. 1978-1978
    Abstract: As recently reported modifications, dose or duration of treatment had no impact on outcome of AML in older patients (Burnett et al. Blood 106: 162a, 2005). We therefore evaluated 764 patients 60 years of age or older and their various prognostic subgroups in the 1992 and 1999 mulitcenter randomized trials by the German AMLCG where patients received uniform postremission consolidation by one course of TAD (standard dose thioguanine, araC, daunorubicin) and maintenance by monthly 5 day courses of reduced TAD. For maximum homogeneity this analysis was restricted to de-novo AML and to patients with known karyotype. Before treatment started, patients were assigned to induction treatment by either TAD followed by HAM (HAM, high-dose araC 1g/m2x6 / mitoxantrone 10mg/m2x3), or to induction by two courses of HAM. The second induction course (HAM) was given to only patients with 5% or more residual bone marrow blasts. Therapy administered to the two randomized groups differed by a factor 2 in their araC dose. Despite this difference in treatment intensity patients in the two arms show similar response rate, overall survival (OS), ongoing CR, and relapse-free survival (see table). The same similarity in outcome as for de-novo AML overall is true for established prognostic subgroups as listed below. Conclusion: Intensification of induction therapy by high-dose araC has no effect on outcome in older age de-novo AML. Since potential influences other than the randomized treatment were minimized, present results do not support a risk adapted intensification strategy. TAD-HAM HAM-HAM P TAD-HAM HAM-HAM P OS 4y % OS 4y % CR 4y % CR 4y % Total 18 13 .28 22 22 .53 Favorable Karyotype 17 16 .48 41 33 .82 Intermediate Karyotype 24 18 .31 24 26 .38 Unfavorable Karyotype 4 - .81 - - .37 LDH ≤ 700U/L 21 13 .86 23 24 .47 LDH 〉 700U/L 12 10 .07 - 16 .27 WBC ≤ 20x103/ccm 21 11 .91 22 21 .81 WBC 〉 20x103/ccm 15 16 .08 22 26 .19 Day 16 Blasts 〈 10% 26 16 .87 23 22 .81 Day 16 Blasts ≥ 10% 14 8 .28 18 19 .26
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V108.11.1978.1978
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2006
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