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  • Bulsiewicz, Klaus  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A capillary‐column chromatographic system for efficient chlorofluorocarbon measurement in ocean waters
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 103, No. C8 ( 1998-07-15), p. 15959-15970
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. C8 ( 1998-07-15), p. 15959-15970
    Abstract: We describe a new gas chromatographic analytical system for the joint measurement of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC‐11, CFC‐12, and CFC‐113 and of CC1 4 in ocean waters. From measurements at sea and in the laboratory we find overall precisions for surface waters of ±0.6, 0.6, 1.5, and 2.4% and detection limits of 0.002, 0.002, 0.008, and 0.003 pmol/kg, for CFC‐12, CFC‐11, CFC‐113, and CC1 4 , respectively (1‐σ equivalents). The measurement repeat period is 17 min. A purge‐and‐trap approach, and other details, pay tribute to the work of Bullister and Weiss [1988]. A capillary column in combination with a low‐volume trap yields higher resolution than reported for other systems. There is füll separation of CFC‐12 from N 2 O and a satisfactory one of CFC‐113 from CH 3 I; to achieve the latter, a short packed column is operated in series with the main column. Slow purging of CC1 4 from the water samples contributes to its analytical error. The system is fully automated, allowing eight water samples and associated calibration measurements to be carried out unattented. Water samples are transferred into the system by means of flow‐through containers incorporating glass ampoules. Alternatively, the ampoules can be flame‐sealed, allowing sample storage for later analysis ashore. The performance of the system is assessed in some detail to serve as reference information for other CFC measurement systems and to direct future system tuning and developments. The system has been successfully employed at sea repeatedly. Sections from cruise M30/2, 1994 (Atlantic, 48° N), are presented as an example.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC00140
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A chlorofluoromethane and hydrographic section across Drake Passage: Deep water ventilation and meridional property transport
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 98, No. C8 ( 1993-08-15), p. 14423-14435
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 98, No. C8 ( 1993-08-15), p. 14423-14435
    Abstract: New hydrographic and nutrient data obtained on a section across Drake Passage (F/S Meteor January 1990, World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Program section S1) are in close agreement with property sections reported previously. The chlorofluoromethanes CFM 11 and CFM 12 were measured in Drake Passage for the first time. CFM concentrations are found to decrease from the surface down into the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, for which they confirm water renewal from the south. For the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, in which CFM concentrations were above detection limit only south of the Polar Front, very little water renewal on the CFM time scale is implied. Nonvanishing CFM is again found in the Weddell Sea Deep Water and the Southeast Pacific Deep Water toward the bottom in the south, but recent ventilation for the latter water mass is rejected. CFM 11 and CFM 12 concentrations vary essentially in constant proportion down to very low concentrations, questioning the possibility of using CFM ratios as “age” markers. The observed ratios are shown to be a natural feature of the upwelling regime of the southern ocean. Property concentrations on isopycnal surfaces display large undulations, reaching down into the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water. Their extrema, due to varying contribution of young water of southern origin, are situated at the boundaries of the current bands of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current The feature is ascribed to property advection by rings and is taken to support previous claims that rings are an important transport mechanism across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and that they might assist in maintaining its fronts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JC00786
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1993
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    Online Resource
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