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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Abstract: Understanding fine‐grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine‐grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m 2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi‐natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open‐access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online ( https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer ) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high‐quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation‐plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13050
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distance decay 2.0 – A global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 31, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 1399-1421
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 1399-1421
    Abstract: Understanding the variation in community composition and species abundances (i.e., β‐diversity) is at the heart of community ecology. A common approach to examine β‐diversity is to evaluate directional variation in community composition by measuring the decay in the similarity among pairs of communities along spatial or environmental distance. We provide the first global synthesis of taxonomic and functional distance decay along spatial and environmental distance by analysing 148 datasets comprising different types of organisms and environments. Location Global. Time period 1990 to present. Major taxa studied From diatoms to mammals. Method We measured the strength of the decay using ranked Mantel tests (Mantel r ) and the rate of distance decay as the slope of an exponential fit using generalized linear models. We used null models to test whether functional similarity decays faster or slower than expected given the taxonomic decay along the spatial and environmental distance. We also unveiled the factors driving the rate of decay across the datasets, including latitude, spatial extent, realm and organismal features. Results Taxonomic distance decay was stronger than functional distance decay along both spatial and environmental distance. Functional distance decay was random given the taxonomic distance decay. The rate of taxonomic and functional spatial distance decay was fastest in the datasets from mid‐latitudes. Overall, datasets covering larger spatial extents showed a lower rate of decay along spatial distance but a higher rate of decay along environmental distance. Marine ecosystems had the slowest rate of decay along environmental distances. Main conclusions In general, taxonomic distance decay is a useful tool for biogeographical research because it reflects dispersal‐related factors in addition to species responses to climatic and environmental variables. Moreover, functional distance decay might be a cost‐effective option for investigating community changes in heterogeneous environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v31.7
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fine‐grain beta diversity of Palaearctic grassland vegetation
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Which environmental factors influence fine‐grain beta diversity of vegetation and do they vary among taxonomic groups? Location Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods We extracted 4,654 nested‐plot series with at least four different grain sizes between 0.0001 m² and 1,024 m² from the GrassPlot database, covering a wide range of different grassland and other open habitat types. We derived extensive environmental and structural information for these series. For each series and four taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, all), we calculated the slope parameter ( z ‐value) of the power law species–area relationship (SAR), as a beta diversity measure. We tested whether z ‐values differed among taxonomic groups and with respect to biogeographic gradients (latitude, elevation, macroclimate), ecological (site) characteristics (several stress–productivity, disturbance and heterogeneity measures, including land use) and alpha diversity ( c ‐value of the power law SAR). Results Mean z ‐values were highest for lichens, intermediate for vascular plants and lowest for bryophytes. Bivariate regressions of z‐values against environmental variables had rather low predictive power (mean R ² = 0.07 for vascular plants, less for other taxa). For vascular plants, the strongest predictors of z ‐values were herb layer cover (negative), elevation (positive), rock and stone cover (positive) and the c ‐value (U‐shaped). All tested metrics related to land use (fertilization, livestock grazing, mowing, burning, decrease in naturalness) led to a decrease in z ‐values. Other predictors had little or no impact on z ‐values. The patterns for bryophytes, lichens and all taxa combined were similar but weaker than those for vascular plants. Conclusions We conclude that productivity has negative and heterogeneity positive effects on z ‐values, while the effect of disturbance varies depending on type and intensity. These patterns and the differences among taxonomic groups can be explained via the effects of these drivers on the mean occupancy of species, which is mathematically linked to beta diversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13045
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Species–area relationships in continuous vegetation: Evidence from Palaearctic grasslands
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Biogeography Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 72-86
    Details
    In: Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 72-86
    Abstract: Species–area relationships (SARs) are fundamental scaling laws in ecology although their shape is still disputed. At larger areas, power laws best represent SARs. Yet, it remains unclear whether SARs follow other shapes at finer spatial grains in continuous vegetation. We asked which function describes SARs best at small grains and explored how sampling methodology or the environment influence SAR shape. Location Palaearctic grasslands and other non‐forested habitats. Taxa Vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Methods We used the GrassPlot database, containing standardized vegetation‐plot data from vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens spanning a wide range of grassland types throughout the Palaearctic and including 2,057 nested‐plot series with at least seven grain sizes ranging from 1 cm 2 to 1,024 m 2 . Using nonlinear regression, we assessed the appropriateness of different SAR functions (power, power quadratic, power breakpoint, logarithmic, Michaelis–Menten). Based on AICc, we tested whether the ranking of functions differed among taxonomic groups, methodological settings, biomes or vegetation types. Results The power function was the most suitable function across the studied taxonomic groups. The superiority of this function increased from lichens to bryophytes to vascular plants to all three taxonomic groups together. The sampling method was highly influential as rooted presence sampling decreased the performance of the power function. By contrast, biome and vegetation type had practically no influence on the superiority of the power law. Main conclusions We conclude that SARs of sessile organisms at smaller spatial grains are best approximated by a power function. This coincides with several other comprehensive studies of SARs at different grain sizes and for different taxa, thus supporting the general appropriateness of the power function for modelling species diversity over a wide range of grain sizes. The poor performance of the Michaelis–Menten function demonstrates that richness within plant communities generally does not approach any saturation, thus calling into question the concept of minimal area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-0270 , 1365-2699
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.v47.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13697
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The biogeography of alien plant invasions in the Mediterranean Basin
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2021-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2021-03)
    Abstract: Humans have deeply eroded biogeographic barriers, causing a rapid spread of alien species across biomes. The Mediterranean Basin is a biodiversity hotspot but is also known as a hub of alien plant invasions, particularly in its European part. Yet, a comprehensive inventory of alien species in the area is missing and understanding of the drivers of Mediterranean invasions is poor. Here, we aim to identify the main alien plant species in the European part of the Mediterranean Basin and quantify their invasion success in order to understand the plant species flows from other biomes of the world. Location The Mediterranean region of Europe, Anatolia and Cyprus. Methods We analyzed 130,000 georeferenced vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and identified 299 extra‐European alien plant species. We identified their biomes of origin and quantified the mean geographic distance, trade exchange and climatic similarity from each biome to the study area. After estimating the invasion success of each species in the study area, we tested which biomes have donated more alien species than expected by chance and which drivers best explain these non‐random patterns. Results We found that other Mediterranean climatic regions, as well as temperate and xeric biomes of the world, are the main donors of successful alien species to Mediterranean Europe, beyond what would be expected by chance. Our results suggest that climatic matching, rather than geographic proximity or trade, has been the most important driver of invasion. However, climatic pre‐adaptation alone also does not appear to predict the invasion success of established species in the study area. Conclusions Our results highlight the need to pay special attention to alien plant species from the same or climatically similar biomes, but also suggest that further research is needed for early screening of the most problematic alien species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12980
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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