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  • Online Resource  (34)
  • American Society for Microbiology  (34)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iodide Oxidation by a Novel Multicopper Oxidase from the Alphaproteobacterium Strain Q-1
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 11 ( 2012-06), p. 3941-3949
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 11 ( 2012-06), p. 3941-3949
    Abstract: Alphaproteobacterium strain Q-1 is able to oxidize iodide (I − ) to molecular iodine (I 2 ) by an oxidase-like enzyme. One of the two isoforms of the iodide-oxidizing enzyme (IOE-II) produced by this strain was excised from a native polyacrylamide gel, eluted, and purified. IOE-II appeared as a single band (51 kDa) and showed significant in-gel iodide-oxidizing activity in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without heat treatment. However, at least two bands with much higher molecular masses (150 and 230 kDa) were observed with heat treatment (95°C, 3 min). IOE-II was inhibited by NaN 3 , KCN, EDTA, and a copper chelator, o -phenanthroline. In addition to iodide, IOE-II showed significant activities toward phenolic compounds such as syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, and p -phenylenediamine. IOE-II contained copper atoms as prosthetic groups and had UV/VIS absorption peaks at 320 and 590 nm. Comparison of several internal amino acid sequences obtained from trypsin-digested IOE-II with a draft genome sequence of strain Q-1 revealed that the products of two open reading frames (IoxA and IoxC), with predicted molecular masses of 62 and 71 kDa, are involved in iodide oxidation. Furthermore, subsequent tandem mass spectrometric analysis repeatedly detected peptides from IoxA and IoxC with high sequence coverage (32 to 40%). IoxA showed homology with the family of multicopper oxidases and included four copper-binding regions that are highly conserved among various multicopper oxidases. These results suggest that IOE-II is a multicopper oxidase and that it may occur as a multimeric complex in which at least two proteins (IoxA and IoxC) are associated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00084-12
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Evolution of Ribosomal Protein S14 Demonstrated by the Reconstruction of Chimeric Ribosomes in Bacillus subtilis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 203, No. 10 ( 2021-04-21)
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 203, No. 10 ( 2021-04-21)
    Abstract: Ribosomal protein S14 can be classified into three types. The first, the C+ type has a Zn 2+ binding motif and is ancestral. The second and third are the C− short and C− long types, neither of which contain a Zn 2+ binding motif and which are ca. 90 residues and 100 residues in length, respectively. In the present study, the C+ type S14 from Bacillus subtilis ribosomes (S14BsC+) were completely replaced by the heterologous C− long type of S14 from Escherichia coli (S14Ec) or Synechococcus elongatus (S14Se). Surprisingly, S14Ec and S14Se were incorporated fully into 70S ribosomes in B. subtilis . However, the growth rates as well as the sporulation efficiency of the mutants harboring heterologous S14 were significantly decreased. In these mutants, the polysome fraction was decreased and the 30S and 50S subunits accumulated unusually, indicating that cellular translational activity of these mutants was decreased. In vitro analysis showed a reduction in the translational activity of the 70S ribosome fraction purified from these mutants. The abundance of ribosomal proteins S2 and S3 in the 30S fraction in these mutants was reduced while that of S14 was not significantly decreased. It seems likely that binding of heterologous S14 changes the structure of the 30S subunit, which causes a decrease in the assembly efficiency of S2 and S3, which are located near the binding site of S14. Moreover, we found that S3 from S. elongatus cannot function in B. subtilis unless S14Se is present. IMPORTANCE S14, an essential ribosomal protein, may have evolved to adapt bacteria to zinc-limited environments by replacement of a zinc-binding motif with a zinc-independent sequence. It was expected that the bacterial ribosome would be tolerant to replacement of S14 because of the previous prediction that the spread of C− type S14 involved horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we completely replaced the C+ type of S14 in B. subtilis ribosome with the heterologous C− long type of S14 and characterized the resulting chimeric ribosomes. Our results suggest that the B. subtilis ribosome is permissive for the replacement of S14, but coevolution of S3 might be required to utilize the C− long type of S14 more effectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.00599-20
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complete Sequence of the First Chimera Genome Constructed by Cloning the Whole Genome of Synechocystis Strain PCC6803 into the Bacillus subtilis 168 Genome
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 194, No. 24 ( 2012-12-15), p. 7007-7007
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 194, No. 24 ( 2012-12-15), p. 7007-7007
    Abstract: Genome synthesis of existing or designed genomes is made feasible by the first successful cloning of a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC6803, in Gram-positive, endospore-forming Bacillus subtilis . Whole-genome sequence analysis of the isolate and parental B. subtilis strains provides clues for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 2 complete bacterial genomes in one cell.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.01798-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Surface Sensing for Paenibacillus sp. NAIST15-1 Flagellar Gene Expression on Solid Medium
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 83, No. 15 ( 2017-08)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 15 ( 2017-08)
    Abstract: A rhizosphere Gram-positive bacterial isolate, Paenibacillus sp. NAIST15-1, exhibits intriguing motility behavior on hard agar medium. Paenibacillus sp. shows increased transcription of flagellar genes and hyperflagellation when transferred from liquid to solid medium. Hyperflagellated cells form wandering colonies that are capable of moving around on the surface of medium containing ≥1.5% agar. Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes critical for motility. In addition to flagellar genes, this mutagenesis identified five nonflagellar structural genes that were important for motility. Of these, the disruption of degSU , wsfP , or PBN151_4312 resulted in a complete loss of flagellin synthesis. Analysis of flagellar gene promoter activity showed that each mutation severely reduced flagellar gene transcription in a different manner. Flagellar gene transcription was induced in liquid medium by the addition of a viscous agent, Ficoll, or by disruption of flagellar stator genes, indicating that flagellar gene transcription was induced in response to restriction of flagellar rotation. Overexpression of DegSU bypassed the requirement of flagellar rotation restriction for induction of flagellar genes. These results indicate that physical restriction of flagellar rotation by physical contact with the surface of solid medium induces flagellar gene transcription through the activation of DegSU. Further analysis revealed that the same mechanism was conserved in Bacillus subtilis . These results demonstrate that flagella act as mechanosensors to control flagellar transcription in Gram-positive bacteria. IMPORTANCE Many bacteria exist on living or nonliving surfaces in nature. Bacteria express distinct behaviors, such as surface motility and biofilm formation, to adapt to surfaces. However, it remains largely unknown how bacteria sense the surfaces on which they sit and how they induce the genes needed for growth on a surface. Swarming motility is flagellum-dependent motility on a surface. The Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus sp. exhibits strong swarming motility ability and is capable of moving on 1.5% agar medium. In this study, we showed that the two-component system DegSU was responsible for inducing flagellar genes in response to heavy loads on flagellar rotation in Paenibacillus sp. The same mechanism was conserved in a related species, B. subtilis , even though these two bacteria exhibit very different motility behaviors. This study shows that flagellum serves as a sensor for surface contact to induce flagellar gene transcription in these bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00585-17
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Bacillus subtilis SalA (YbaL) Negatively Regulates Expression of scoC , Which Encodes the Repressor for the Alkaline Exoprotease Gene, aprE
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 186, No. 10 ( 2004-05-15), p. 3056-3064
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 186, No. 10 ( 2004-05-15), p. 3056-3064
    Abstract: During the course of screening for exoprotease-deficient mutants among Bacillus subtilis gene disruptants, a strain showing such a phenotype was identified. The locus responsible for this phenotype was the previously unknown gene ybaL , which we renamed salA. The predicted gene product encoded by salA belongs to the Mrp family, which is widely conserved among archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Disruption of salA resulted in a decrease in the expression of a lacZ fusion of the aprE gene encoding the major extracellular alkaline protease. The decrease was recovered by the cloned salA gene on a plasmid, demonstrating that the gene is involved in aprE expression. Determination of the cis -acting region of SalA on the upstream region of aprE , together with epistatic analyses with scoC , abrB , and spo0A mutations that also affect aprE expression, suggested that salA deficiency affects aprE-lacZ expression through the negative regulator ScoC. Northern and reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed enhanced levels of scoC transcripts in the salA mutant cells in the transition and early stationary phases. Concomitant with these observations, larger amounts of the ScoC protein were detected in the mutant cells by Western analysis. From these results we conclude that SalA negatively regulates scoC expression. It was also found that the expression of a salA-lacZ fusion was increased by salA deficiency, suggesting that salA is autoregulated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.10.3056-3064.2004
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Is-34, Which Is Incompatible with Rj4 Genotype Soybeans
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Genome Announcements Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2014-12-24)
    Details
    In: Genome Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2014-12-24)
    Abstract: We report here the draft genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Is-34, which is incompatible with Rj4 genotype soybeans. A candidate gene involved in this incompatibility was found to be present in this genome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01316-14
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704277-7
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  • 7
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    Draft Genome Sequences of Bradyrhizobium elkanii Strains BLY3-8 and BLY6-1, Which Are Incompatible with Rj 3 Genotype Soybean Cultivars
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Genome Announcements Vol. 4, No. 5 ( 2016-10-27)
    Details
    In: Genome Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 4, No. 5 ( 2016-10-27)
    Abstract: We report here the draft genome sequences of Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains BLY3-8 and BLY6-1, which are incompatible with Rj 3 genotype soybean cultivars. The genome sequences of these strains will be useful to identify a causal gene for this incompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01169-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704277-7
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  • 8
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    Identification of IMP Dehydrogenase as a Potential Target for Anti-Mpox Virus Agents
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-08-17)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-08-17)
    Abstract: Mpox virus (formerly monkeypox virus [MPXV]) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen that caused a worldwide outbreak in May 2022. Given the lack of an established therapy, the development of an anti-MPXV strategy is of vital importance. To identify drug targets for the development of anti-MPXV agents, we screened a chemical library using an MPXV infection cell assay and found that gemcitabine, trifluridine, and mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited MPXV propagation. These compounds showed broad-spectrum anti-orthopoxvirus activities and presented lower 90% inhibitory concentrations (0.026 to 0.89 μM) than brincidofovir, an approved anti-smallpox agent. These three compounds have been suggested to target the postentry step to reduce the intracellular production of virions. Knockdown of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of guanosine biosynthesis and a target of MPA, dramatically reduced MPXV DNA production. Moreover, supplementation with guanosine recovered the anti-MPXV effect of MPA, suggesting that IMPDH and its guanosine biosynthetic pathway regulate MPXV replication. By targeting IMPDH, we identified a series of compounds with stronger anti-MPXV activity than MPA. This evidence shows that IMPDH is a potential target for the development of anti-MPXV agents. IMPORTANCE Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the mpox virus, and a worldwide outbreak occurred in May 2022. The smallpox vaccine has recently been approved for clinical use against mpox in the United States. Although brincidofovir and tecovirimat are drugs approved for the treatment of smallpox by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, their efficacy against mpox has not been established. Moreover, these drugs may present negative side effects. Therefore, new anti-mpox virus agents are needed. This study revealed that gemcitabine, trifluridine, and mycophenolic acid inhibited mpox virus propagation and exhibited broad-spectrum anti-orthopoxvirus activities. We also suggested IMP dehydrogenase as a potential target for the development of anti-mpox virus agents. By targeting this molecule, we identified a series of compounds with stronger anti-mpox virus activity than mycophenolic acid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00566-23
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 9
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    nef Gene Is Required for Robust Productive Infection by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus of T-Cell-Rich Paracortex in Lymph Nodes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2003-04), p. 4169-4180
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2003-04), p. 4169-4180
    Abstract: The pathogenesis of AIDS virus infection in a nonhuman primate AIDS model was studied by comparing plasma viral loads, CD4 + T-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in lymph nodes for rhesus macaques infected with a pathogenic molecularly cloned SIVmac239 strain and those infected with its nef deletion mutant (Δnef). In agreement with many reports, whereas SIVmac239 infection induced AIDS and depletion of memory CD4 + T cells in 2 to 3 years postinfection (p.i.), Δnef infection did not induce any manifestation associated with AIDS up to 6.5 years p.i. To explore the difference in SIV infection in lymphoid tissues, we biopsied lymph nodes at 2, 8, 72, and 82 weeks p.i. and analyzed them by pathological techniques. Maximal numbers of SIV-infected cells (SIV Gag + , Env + , and RNA + ) were detected at 2 weeks p.i. in both the SIVmac239-infected animals and the Δnef-infected animals. In the SIVmac239-infected animals, most of the infected cells were localized in the T-cell-rich paracortex, whereas in the Δnef-infected animals, most were localized in B-cell-rich follicles and in the border region between the paracortex and the follicles. Analyses by double staining of CD68 + macrophages and SIV Gag + cells and by double staining of CD3 + T cells and SIV Env + cells revealed that SIV-infected cells were identified as CD4 + T cells in either the SIVmac239 or the Δnef infection. Whereas the many functions of Nef protein were reported from in vitro studies, our finding of SIVmac239 replication in the T-cell-rich paracortex in the lymph nodes supports the reported roles of Nef protein in T-cell activation and enhancement of viral infectivity. Furthermore, the abundance of SIVmac239 infection and the paucity of Δnef infection in the T-cell-rich paracortex accounted for the differences in viral replication and pathogenicity between SIVmac239 and the Δnef mutant. Thus, our in vivo study indicated that the nef gene enhances SIV replication by robust productive infection in memory CD4 + T cells in the T-cell-rich region in lymphoid tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.7.4169-4180.2003
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 10
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    Susceptibility to Kasugamycin of Escherichia coli Carrying Conjugative and Nonconjugative R Plasmids
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1977
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1977-08), p. 131-134
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 1977-08), p. 131-134
    Abstract: Ten conjugative and two nonconjugative R plasmids, all of which were naturally isolated, were tested for their ability to confer epistatic susceptibility to kasugamycin upon the host Escherichia coli . All of the conjugative plasmids, which belonged to various incompatibility groups, conferred a plasmid-determined epistatic susceptibility to kasugamycin upon the host cells, whereas the nonconjugative plasmids did not.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.12.2.131
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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