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  • English  (6)
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  • English  (6)
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  • 1
    In: Ocean science, Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus Publ., 2005, 5(2009), 4, Seite 575-589, 1812-0792
    In: volume:5
    In: year:2009
    In: number:4
    In: pages:575-589
    Description / Table of Contents: Daily timeseries of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) estimated from the UK/US RAPID/MOCHA array at 26.5° N in the Atlantic are used to evaluate the MOC as simulated in two global circulation models: (I) an 8-member ensemble of the coupled climate model ECHAM5/MPI-OM, and (II) the ECCO-GODAE state estimate. In ECHAM5/MPI-OM, we find that the observed and simulated MOC have a similar variability and time-mean within the 99% confidence interval. In ECCO-GODAE, we find that the observed and simulated MOC show a significant correlation within the 99% confidence interval. To investigate the contribution of the different transport components, the MOC is decomposed into Florida Current, Ekman and mid-ocean transports. In both models, the mid-ocean transport is closely approximated by the residual of the MOC minus Florida Current and Ekman transports. As the models conserve volume by definition, future comparisons of the RAPID/MOCHA mid-ocean transport should be done against the residual transport in the models. The similarity in the variance and the correlation between the RAPID/MOCHA, and respectively ECHAM5/MPI-OM and ECCO-GODAE MOC estimates at 26.5° N is encouraging in the context of estimating (natural) variability in climate simulations and its use in climate change signal-to-noise detection analyses. Enhanced confidence in simulated hydrographic and transport variability will require longer observational time series.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-05-08
    Description: Despite the revolution in autonomous in-situ and satellite remote sensing, much of the Earth's cryosphere remains poorly sampled observationally in terms of its spatio-temporal evolution. Inverse methods seek to combine the incomplete knowledge reservoirs from sparse observations and the equations of motions that are encapsulated in numerical models to produce optimal state and parameter estimates of the system considered. In its various renderings, methods of optimal control or data assimilation are being used to learn uncertain parameters (calibration problem) in models or to produce optimal initial states for prediction (extrapolation problem). State estimates serve as optimal reconstructions to improve system understanding (interpolation problem). Rigorously applied, these methods also enable characterization of uncertainty that arise from different sources (model, observations, forcings). Scientific machine learning methods rely on similar mathematical concepts that underpin optimal estimation and may be successful when the system is heavily sampled. In this presentation I explore some of the concepts in the context of ice sheet and ocean modeling. I provide a subjective perspective on opportunities and challenges with a view toward coupled Earth system data assimilation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Description: Recent annual assessments of present-day and future climate variability provided by the World Meteorological Organization have motivated the need for the attribution of environmental change, separating climate forcing agents from large-scale natural climate variability. To address this need operational forecasting systems are essential together with sustained, comprehensive and relevant observations for assessing current climate and climate forcers. The World Climate Research Programme Light House Activity – Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change (EPESC) – will cast a new light on the proximal drivers of regional climate variation on annual-to-decadal (A2D) timescales. The EPESC is focused on three distinct yet interrelated themes: The monitoring and modelling of Earth system change; the integrated attribution, prediction and projection of A2D changes including the potential for extremes; and the assessment of current and future hazards. In this presentation we will outline the current and future requirements of A2D prediction and projection, including the requisite infrastructure of operational attribution and the need for comprehensive whole-atmosphere observations, such as those which will be provided by the proposed Changing-Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer (CAIRT), recently selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as one of four candidates for the Earth Explorer 11 mission.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-08-09
    Description: The deep ocean (below 200 m) is a vast repository for biodiversity, provides critical climate regulation, and houses a wealth of hydrocarbon, mineral, fishery, and genetic resources. Observing the deep ocean at a level required to inform sustainable development and management faces massive technical and logistical challenges, such that no one country, community, network, or agency can do it alone. The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), a UN Ocean Decade-endorsed programme, is a community-driven, international initiative strategically aligning the deep ocean observing community toward collective solution-based science. DOOS represents an interconnected network of deep ocean observing, mapping, exploration, and modelling efforts. It focuses on building bridges across the gaps between these disciplines and communities; connecting observers and modelers, researchers and data managers, science and policy. DOOS is organized along a number of working groups, which will be highlighted in this presentation. These working groups facilitate discussions between people, communities, networks, and agencies already working toward the same aim to leverage existing research efforts and resources to address a global deep-sea challenge. Across working groups, DOOS engages in developing workflows and standards for improved access of deep ocean data. It promotes the development of early career researchers to become future leaders in deep sea observing. The bright star of DOOS is its network of Deep Ocean Early-career Researchers (DOERs), drawing from collaborating networks, the broader deep-ocean observing community, as well as from developing countries and indigenous communities.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-06
    Description: Approximately 90% of Earth’s energy imbalance is absorbed by the oceans. Therefore, Ocean Heat Content (OHC) and its time-derivative, Ocean Heat Uptake (OHU), are key parameters for monitoring planetary energy imbalance. Several approaches for estimating OHC and OHU have been proposed, each employing a different combination of in-situ and remote observations and models. Published estimates of OHU for the satellite oceanography era range between ~0.5 and ~1.0 Wm-2 with corresponding uncertainties of a few tenths of Wm-2. Although the range of OHU estimates has narrowed, the spread remains large relative to its absolute value due to persistent, potentially incompletely known, observational uncertainties or derived products. Here we report on new OHU estimates for 1992-2022 from the latest global ocean state estimate from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) Consortium. ECCO estimates are dynamically self-consistent and strictly obey the mass, energy, and momentum conservation principles over the full estimation period. The ECCO estimate is constrained in a least-squares sense to in-situ data, including Argo profiles, and remote ocean and marine-ice observations, including sea-level from altimetry and ocean mass from GRACE(-FO). We find time-mean OHU of 0.59 Wm-2 for the upper 2000 m and 0.60 Wm-2 for the full-depth ocean, with significant seasonal and interannual variability. Although sea-level and energy budgets are closed in ECCO estimates, the model does not (and cannot) reproduce all observational data. We describe model-data differences and their consequences in the context of other (often larger) OHU estimates derived from geodetic and other approaches.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-09-04
    Description: The ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC Joint Task Force for Science Monitoring and Reliable Telecommunications (JTF SMART) is working to integrate environmental sensors into trans-ocean commercial submarine telecommunications cables to construct a global deep ocean observing array. The telecommunication signal along cables is boosted by repeaters every 50-100 km; these will be equipped with pressure and temperature sensors and accelerometers. Real-time ocean-bottom observations will quantify changes in climate, ocean circulation, and sea level, enable life-saving tsunami and earthquake early warning, and yield new insights into tectonic and deep Earth processes. Thus, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (i.e., SDG 9, 13, 14) are addressed. SMART Cables is an endorsed Project of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.We will review SMART systems and report progress toward realising that vision. Ocean modelling experiments are performed to quantify the benefits of SMART cables for monitoring Essential Ocean Variables and other characteristics. A wet demonstration system will be installed off Sicily in June 2023. Portugal has issued a request for tender for the 100% state-owned domestic CAM system connecting Continental Portugal, Azores, and Madeira in a 3700 km ring with 50 SMART repeaters to be installed in 2025. It is motivated by earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction, and improving understanding of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Further systems in various planning stages include Mediterranean, New Zealand-Chathams, Vanuatu-New Caledonia, Chile-Sydney, Chile-Antarctica, New Zealand-Antarctica, Indonesia, and Trans-Arctic Europe-Japan. Finally, the European Union has included SMART capability in its international submarine cable connectivity program (CEF2).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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