Note: Front Cover -- Philosophy of Chemistry -- Copyright -- General Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Part 1: Introduction -- Introduction -- 1 What is the Philosophy of Chemistry? -- 2 History of the Philosophy of chemistry -- 3 Chemical Substances -- 4 Central Concepts and Methodology -- 5 Chemistry, Physics and Other Disciplines -- 6 The Future of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Part 2: History of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Prehistory of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- 1 Preliminary Remarks -- 2 The Heritage of Kant -- 3 Hegel, Schelling, Peirce -- 4 Whewell, Mill, Broad -- 5 Ostwald, Cassirer, Paneth -- 6 French Philosophy of Chemistry -- 7 Neglect of Chemistry in English-Language Philosophy of Science -- 8 Philosophy of Chemistry in Eastern Europe -- 9 Resonance and Politics -- 10 Birth of the Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Robert Boyle (1627-1691) -- Bibliography -- Joseph Priestly (1733-1804) -- Bibliography -- Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Chemical Work -- 3 Philosophical Issues -- Bibliography -- John Dalton (1766-1844) -- Bibliography -- Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biography -- 3 Research Topics -- 4 Philosophical Views -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Thermodynamics -- 3 Physical Chemistry -- 4 Philosophy -- Bibliography -- Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Intellectual Odyssey -- 3 Energetic Theory -- 4 Energetic Chemistry -- 5 Energy And Matter -- Bibliography -- PIERRE DUHEM (1861-1916) -- 1 Bibliographical Sketch -- 2 The Place of Chemistry in Duhem's Interests -- 3 Chemical Formulas -- 4 Duhem's Critique of Chemical Atomism -- 5 Ancient Views of Mixture -- 6 Final Comments -- Bibliography -- FrantiˇSek Wald (1861-1930) -- Phenomenalist Chemistry -- Acknowledgement. , Bibliography -- G. N. Lewis (1875-1946) -- Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962) -- 1 Chemistry as a Model for a New Epistemology -- 2 Chemistry: An Anti-Model Science -- 3 Chemistry: A Science of Harmony -- 4 Chemistry: A Science of Effects -- 5 Chemistry: A Phenomenotechnique -- ideal of rationalism, as a kind of ethical engagement. -- Bibliography -- LINUS PAULING (1901-1994) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Philosophical Views -- Bibliography. -- Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) -- Acknowledgement -- Bibliography -- Charles Coulson (1910-1974) -- 1 Biography -- 2 Philosophical Views -- Bibliography -- Part 3: Chemical Substances -- Ancient Theories of Chemical Substance -- 1 Early Pluralist Theories -- 2 Plato's Speculative Suggestions -- 3 Aristotle's Theory of Mixis -- 4 Later Atomism's More Dynamic Theory -- 5 The Stoic Alternative -- 6 Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Substances: The Ontology of Chemistry -- 1 Terminological Preliminaries -- 2 Phenomenology of Everyday Stuff (and Things) -- 3 High-Entropy Bulk Glassy Metals and Other Mixts -- 4 Protochemistry -- 5 Stuff Perspective -- 6 Natural Kinds -- 7 Molar Definition of "Pure Substance -- 8 Polymorphs -- 9 The Phase Rule -- 10 Phase and Substance Properties -- 11 Metastable and Other Esoteric Phases -- 12 Non-Stoichiometric Compounds -- 13 Inclusion Complexes and Addition Compounds -- 14 Atomic Number -- 15 Isotopes (Nuclear Isomers) -- 16 Monomers and Polymers -- 17 Identification of (Submicroscopic) Chemical Species -- 18 Enantiomers and Racemates -- 19 Tautomers and Other Fleeting Species -- 20 One set of Nuclei and Electrons -- 21 Concluding Remarks -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Modality, Mereology and Substance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mereology -- 3 The Interpretation of Quantified Modal Logic -- 4 Natural Kinds -- 5 Substance Properties as Mass Predicates -- 6 Intensive and Homogeneous Predicates -- 7 Modality. , 8 Final Word on the Elements -- Bibliography -- Elements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Development -- 3 Paneth on the Elements -- 4 Philosophical Issues -- Bibliography -- COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Aristotelian Conception of Mixture -- 3 The Stoic Theory of Mixt -- 4 Freeing Substance from Phase -- 5 The Law of Definite Proportions and the Problem of Chemical Combination -- 6 Thermodynamics and the Phase Rule -- 7 Questioning the Law of Definite Proportions: Berthollides -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part 4: Chemical Concepts and Methods -- The Chemical Bond -- 1 Chemical Structure Theory -- 2 The Electron and the Chemical Bond -- 3 Quantum Mechanics and the Chemical Bond -- 4 Two Conceptions of the Chemical Bond -- Bibliography -- Mechanisms and Chemical Reaction -- 1 Introduction. -- 2 What is a Mechanism in Organic Chemistry? -- 3 Establishing a Mechanism: The Bromonation of Alkenes -- 4 Using Mechanisms in Total Synthesis -- 5 Mechanisms in Philosophy and Chemistry -- Bibliography -- The Periodic Table -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief History -- 3 Forms of the Periodic Table -- 4 Developments in Philosophy of Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Laws in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Grammar of Statements of Natural Laws -- 3 Refinements and Qualifications -- 4 Chemical Taxonomies -- 5 A common Feature? -- 6 The Status of Equations Describing Reactions -- 7 Which Concept of Causation is Exemplified in Chemical Discourse? -- 8 Falsification Protection -- 9 The Deducibility of Counterfactuals -- Bibliography -- Chemical Modeling -- 1 Physical Modeling in Chemistry -- 2 Mathematical Modeling in Chemistry -- 3 Putting Chemical Models to Work -- Bibliography -- Part 5: Chemistry and Physics -- Reduction, Emergence and Physicalism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry and Classical Reduction -- 3 Chemistry in a Physical World. , 4 Physicalism -- 5 The Completeness of Physics -- Bibliography -- Atoms and Molecules in Classical Chemistry and Quantum Mechanics -- 1 The Evolution of Classical Molecular Structure -- 2 Atomic and Molecular Structure, and Valence Bonds -- 3 The Molecule in Quantum Mechanics -- Bibliography -- Concept Amalgamation and Representation in Quantum Chemistry -- Introduction -- Stage Setting -- The Schr¨Odinger Equation -- The Heitler-London Calculation -- The Valence Bond Approach -- The Molecular Orbital Approach -- Comparison of VB and MO Approaches -- Abstracting the Qualitative from the Quantitative -- A NEW METHOD: CONFIGURATION INTERACTION -- The Dark Age and Beyond: Further Development of Quantum Chemistry -- From Equations to Pictures -- Bridging the Gap -- Representing Chemistry -- Bibliography -- Thermodynamics in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure of Thermodynamics -- 3 Practice of Thermodynamics -- 4 The Phase Rule -- 5 Statistical Thermodynamics -- 6 Possible Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Bibliography -- Entropy in Chemistry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Clausius on Entropy -- 3 Gibbs on Entropy -- 4 Planck on Entropy -- 5 The Neglect of Entropy -- 6 Changing Times -- Bibliography -- Part 6: Chemistry and Other Disciplines -- Explanatory Relationships Between Chemical and Biological Sciences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Specific form of Chemistry -- 3 Chemical Explanations of Biological Phenomena -- 4 The Explanation of the Formation of Life -- Bibliography -- Chemistry and Pharmacy: A Philosophical Inquiry Into an Evolving Relationship -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Philosophy of Pharmacy -- 3 'Targets' and the Promise of Rational Drug Design -- 4 Screening: Creating Chemical Possibilities the Old-Fashioned Way -- 5 Chemical Tweaking as Empirical Drug Design - Variation on a Theme -- 6 The Paradox of the Pharmakon. , 7 Historical Perspectives on the Relationship Between Chemistry and Pharmacy -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chemical Engineering Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unit Operations and Transport Phenomena -- 3 Similarity Considerations and Dimensionless Numbers -- 4 Dimensional Analysis in Chemical Engineering -- 5 Fundamental Presuppositions of Dimensional Analysis -- 6 Ceteris Paribus Assumptions -- 7 Geometric Models of Heterogeneous Multiphase Systems -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. Greek, Indian, and Arabic logic , Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic marks the initial appearance of the multi-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. Additional volumes will be published when ready, rather than in strict chronological order. Soon to appear are The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege. Also in preparation are Logic From Russell to G̱del, The Emergence of Classical Logic, Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century, and The Many-Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic. Further volumes will follow, including Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic and Logic: A History of its Central. In designing the Handbook of the History of Logic, the Editors have taken the view that the history of logic holds more than an antiquarian interest, and that a knowledge of logic's rich and sophisticated development is, in various respects, relevant to the research programmes of the present day. Ancient logic is no exception. The present volume attests to the distant origins of some of modern logic's most important features, such as can be found in the claim by the authors of the chapter on Aristotle's early logic that, from its infancy, the theory of the syllogism is an example of an intuitionistic, non-monotonic, relevantly paraconsistent logic. Similarly, in addition to its comparative earliness, what is striking about the best of the Megarian and Stoic traditions is their sophistication and originality. Logic is an indispensably important pivot of the Western intellectual tradition. But, as the chapters on Indian and Arabic logic make clear, logic's parentage extends more widely than any direct line from the Greek city states. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that for centuries logic has been an unfetteredly international enterprise, whose research programmes reach to every corner of the learned world. Like its companion volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic is the result of a design that gives to its distinguished authors as much space as would be needed to produce highly authoritative chapters, rich in detail and interpretative reach. The aim of the Editors is to have placed before the relevant intellectual communities a research tool of indispensable value. Together with the other volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic, will be essential reading for everyone with a curiosity about logic's long development, especially researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic in all its forms, argumentation theory, AI and computer science, cognitive psychology and neuroscienc ... , Electronic reproduction; Mode of access: World Wide Web

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , v. 1. Greek, Indian, and Arabic logic , With the publication of the present volume, the Handbook of the History of Logic turns its attention to the rise of modern logic. The period covered is 1685-1900, with this volume carving out the territory from Leibniz to Frege. What is striking about this period is the earliness and persistence of what could be called 'the mathematical turn in logic'. Virtually every working logician is aware that, after a centuries-long run, the logic that originated in antiquity came to be displaced by a new approach with a dominantly mathematical character. It is, however, a substantial error to suppose that the mathematization of logic was, in all essentials, Frege's accomplishment or, if not his alone, a development ensuing from the second half of the nineteenth century. The mathematical turn in logic, although given considerable torque by events of the nineteenth century, can with assurance be dated from the final quarter of the seventeenth century in the impressively prescient work of Leibniz. It is true that, in the three hundred year run-up to the Begriffsschrift, one does not see a smoothly continuous evolution of the mathematical turn, but the idea that logic is mathematics, albeit perhaps only the most general part of mathematics, is one that attracted some degree of support throughout the entire period in question. Still, as Alfred North Whitehead once noted, the relationship between mathematics and symbolic logic has been an "uneasy" one, as is the present-day association of mathematics with computing. Some of this unease has a philosophical texture. For example, those who equate mathematics and logic sometimes disagree about the directionality of the purported identity. Frege and Russell made themselves famous by insisting (though for different reasons) that logic was the senior partner. Indeed logicism is the view that mathematics can be re-expressed without relevant loss in a suitably framed symbolic logic. But for a number of thinkers who took an algebraic approach to logic, the dependency relation was reversed, with mathematics in some form emerging as the senior partner. This was the precursor of the modern view that, in its four main precincts (set theory, proof theory, model theory and recursion theory), logic is indeed a branch of pure mathematics. It would be a mistake to leave the impression that the mathematization of logic (or the logicization of mathematics) was the sole concern of the history of logic between 1665 and 1900. There are, in this ... , Electronic reproduction; Mode of access: World Wide Web