Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals -- Removal of Heavy Metals using Microbial Bioremediation -- Deepesh Tiwari1, Athar Hussain2,*, Sunil Kumar Tiwari3, Salman Ahmed4, Mohd. Wajahat Sultan5 and Mohd. Imran Ahamed6 -- INTRODUCTION -- HEAVY METALS: SOURCES AND EFFECTS -- HEAVY METALS OCCURRENCES -- HEAVY METAL REMOVAL STRATEGIES -- Physical Methods -- Chemical Methods -- Biological Methods -- Phytoremediation -- Bioremediation -- Mechanism of Bioremediation -- Bioremediation by Biosorption -- Bioremediation by Bioaccumulation -- Comparison of Biosorption and Bioaccumulation Process -- Biotechnological Intervention in Bioremediation Processes by the Microbial Approach -- The Ability of Microorganisms to Bioremediate Heavy Metals -- Bacteria Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal -- Fungi Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal -- Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal by Algae -- Heavy Metal Removal Using Biofilms -- Plant Approach -- Advantages of Bioremediation -- Disadvantages of Bioremediation -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Heavy Metal in Paper Mill Effluent -- Priti Gupta1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- PAPER & -- PULP INDUSTRY: GLOBAL OUTLOOK ON UTILITY AND GROWTH -- PAPER & -- PULP INDUSTRY: GLOBAL OUTLOOK ON HAZARDS -- PAPER MAKING PROCESSES AND WASTEWATER GENERATION -- Debarking -- Pulping -- Mechanical Pulping -- Chemical Pulping -- Bleaching -- Washing -- Stock Preparation and Paper Making Process -- HEAVY METALS AT GLANCE -- Adverse Effect of Heavy Metal Contamination -- Soil -- Microbial Population -- Plants -- Animals -- Humans -- Remediation Technologies for the Treatment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Wastewater Effluent. , BIOREMEDIATION: AN INNOVATIVE AND USEFUL APPROACH -- Industrial by-Products -- Agricultural Wastes -- Phytoremediation Methods and its Types -- Microbial Biosorbents -- MICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION METHODS -- Biosorption -- How Does Biosorption Works? -- Important Factors Governing Biosorption Mechanism -- Types of Biosorption -- Examples of Efficient Biosorbents -- Advantages -- Biotransformation -- Bioaccumulation -- Bioleaching -- FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS -- CHALLENGES -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ASPECTS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Pesticides -- Praveen Kumar Yadav1,2,*, Kamlesh Kumar Nigam3, Shishir Kumar Singh2,4, Ankit Kumar5 and S. Swarupa Tripathy1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Pesticides -- Bioremediation of Pesticides -- Type of Bioremediation -- In-situ Bioremediation -- Ex-situ Bioremediation -- Aerobic Bioremediation -- Anaerobic Bioremediation -- Mycodegradation of Pesticides -- Mycodegradation of Pesticides -- Bacterial Degradation of Pesticides -- Mechanisms Involved in Bioremediation -- Genetic Modification in Bioremediation Tools -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biosurfactants for Biodégradation -- Telli Alia1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOSURFACTANTS -- Definition and Importance -- Surface Activity -- Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) -- Hydrophile-lipophile Balance -- Emulsion Stability -- Classification, Properties and Applications of Biosurfactants -- APPLICATION OF BIOSUFACTANT IN BIODEGRADATION -- Biodegradation of Crude Oil and Petroleum Wastes -- Removal and Detoxification of Heavy Metals -- Biodegradation of Pesticides -- Biodegradation of Organic Dyes -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES. , Potential Application of Biological Treatment Methods in Textile Dyes Removal -- Rustiana Yuliasni1, Bekti Marlena1, Nanik Indah Setianingsih1, Abudukeremu Kadier2,3,*, Setyo Budi Kurniawan4, Dongsheng Song2,5 and Peng-Cheng Ma2,3 -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF DYES -- History of Textile Dyes -- Classification of Dyes Based on Industrial Application -- Direct Dyes -- Disperse Dyes -- Vat Dyes -- Basic Dyes -- Acid Dyes -- Sulphur Dyes -- Azo Dyes -- Reactive Dyes -- Dyes Classification Based on Chromophores -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN RELATED TO DYES -- DYES REMOVAL TECHNIQUES -- BIODEGRADATION MECHANISMS OF DYES -- Biosorption -- Bioaccumulation -- Biodegradation -- FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Fungal Bioremediation of Pollutants -- Evans C. Egwim1,*, Oluwafemi A. Oyewole2 and Japhet G. Yakubu2 -- INTRODUCTION -- Pollutants and Their Classification -- Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- Heavy Metals -- Chemical Pollutants -- Synthetic Pesticides -- Industrial Dyes -- Pharmaceutical Products -- Effects of Pollutants in the Soil -- Effects of Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment -- Effects of Pollutants in the Air -- Bioremediation -- Bioremediation Techniques -- Biosparging -- Bioventing -- Bioaugmentation -- Biostimulation -- Ex situ -- Solid Phase -- Land Farming -- Composting -- Biopiles -- Slurry Phase -- Fungi -- Mycoremediation -- White Rot Fungi -- Enzyme System of WRF -- Lignin Peroxidase -- Manganese Peroxidase -- Versatile Peroxidase -- Laccase -- Cytochrome P450s Monooxygenase -- Mycoremediation of Pollutants -- Mycoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- Mycoremediation of Dyes -- Mycoremediation of Pesticides -- Mycoremediation of Pharmaceutical Products -- Mycoremediation of Heavy Metal -- Advantages of Mycoremediation. , Limitations of Mycoremediation -- Nutrients -- Bioavailability of Pollutants -- Temperature -- Effects of pH -- Relative Humidity -- Toxicity of Pollutants -- Oxygen -- Moisture Content -- Presence of Contaminants -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Antifouling Nano Filtration Membrane -- Sonalee Das1,* and Lakshmi Unnikrishnan1 -- INTRODUCTION -- MEMBRANE FOULING -- Classification of Membrane Fouling -- Mechanism of Membrane Fouling -- Factors Affecting Membrane Fouling -- NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES -- Mechanism of Action -- Characterization of NF Membranes -- Industrial Applications -- Challenges in NF Membranes -- Membrane Fouling -- Separation Between the Solutes -- Post-treatment of Concentrates -- Chemical Resistance -- Insufficient Rejection in Water Treatment -- Need for Modelling & -- Simulation Tools -- ANTIFOULING NANOFILTRATION (AF-NF) MEMBRANES -- Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Anti-Fouling Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- Microbes and their Genes involved in Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon -- Bhaskarjyoti Gogoi1, Indukalpa Das1, Shamima Begum1, Gargi Dutta1, Rupesh Kumar1 and Debajit Borah1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION STRATEGIES -- PHYSICAL METHOD FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON -- CHEMICAL METHOD FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON -- BIOLOGICAL METHODS -- EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- In Situ Bioremediation -- Microbial Bioremediation Method -- ROLE OF BIOSURFACTANTS IN PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION -- ROLE OF MICROBIAL ENZYMES AND RESPONSIBLE GENES IN HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION -- FACTORS AFFECTING BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Application and Major Challenges of Microbial Bioremediation of Oil Spill in Various Environments -- Rustiana Yuliasni1, Setyo Budi Kurniawan2, Abudukeremu Kadier3,4,*, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah2, Peng-Cheng Ma3,4, Bekti Marlena1, Nanik Indah Setianingsih1, Dongsheng Song3,5 and Ali Moertopo Simbolon1 -- INTRODUCTION -- NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL -- BIOREMEDIATION AGENTS -- Bacteria as Bioremediation Agents of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Fungal Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Algae as Bioremediation Agent of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Commercialized Product of Microbial Agents for Hydrocarbon Remediation -- APPLICATION STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES -- In-situ Bioremediation -- Ex-situ Bioremediation -- FACTOR AFFECTING BIOREMEDIATION -- Temperature -- Substances Bioavailability -- Oxygen or Alternate Electron Acceptors -- Nutrients -- MATRICES TO BE REMEDIATED -- Soil Bioremediation -- Water Bioremediation -- Sludge Bioremediation -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons -- Grace N. Ijoma1, Weiz Nurmahomed1, Tonderayi S. Matambo1, Charles Rashama1 and Joshua Gorimbo1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Hydrocarbon Pollution Effects on Macrobiota -- Hydrocarbon Pollution Effects on Microbiota -- The Fate of Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Environment -- Weathering, Physical and Chemical Interactions with the Terrestrial Environment -- Weathering, Physical and Chemical Interactions within the Terrestrial Environment -- Reasons for Hydrocarbon Recalcitrance to Biodegradation -- Ecotoxicology: Consortia Stress Responses, Tolerance and Adaptation -- Rate-limiting Nutrients: Changes in Nitrogen Flux -- Changes in Microbial Population Dynamics. , Microbial Consortia Interactions Employed in the Degradation of Hydrocarbons.

Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Protein Separation and Purification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of ion exchange resins -- 3. Functionalization of ion exchange resin -- 4. Characterization of ion exchange resin -- 4.1 Elemental analysis -- 4.2 FT-IR spectra -- 4.3 Thermogravimetric analysis -- 5. Analysis of variables for protein IEC -- 5.1 Stability and pI of proteins -- 5.2 Effect of the support on the chromatographic separation of proteins -- 5.3 Effect of buffer and mobile phase -- 6. Steps of protein separation by IEC -- 7. Types of protein purified by IEC -- 8. Future prospects of IEC -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 -- Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Vitamins Separation and Purification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Importance of vitamins -- 3. Categorisation of vitamins -- 3.1 Water soluble vitamins -- 3.2 Fat soluble vitamins -- 4. Origin of vitamins -- 5. Isolation and purgation of vitamin -- 6. Ion-exchange chromatography -- 7. Ion exchange chromatographic isolation and purgation of vitamin K1 -- 8. Ion exchange chromatographic isolation and purgation of vitamin C -- 9. Ion exchange chromatographic isolation and purgation of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin B6 -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Application of Ion Exchange Resins in Protein Separation and Purification -- 1. Basic principle of protein separation and purification by chromatographic method -- 2. Chromatographic methods of protein purification -- 2.1 Gel filtration or permeation chromatography -- 2.2 Affinity chromatography -- 2.3 Immuno affinity chromatography -- 2.4 Metal chelate chromatography -- 2.5 Other Chromatographic techniques -- 3. Principle of separation of proteins by ion exchange chromatography -- 4. Strong and weak ion exchange resin -- 5. Choice of buffer. , 6. Experimental procedure of ion exchange resin -- 6.1 Equilibration -- 6.2 Sample Application and Wash -- 6.3 Elution -- 6.4 Regeneration -- 7. Morphology of ion exchange resin -- 7.1 Capacity of ion exchange resin -- 7.2 Stability -- 7.3 Cross linking of resins -- 7.4 Donnan equilibrium -- 8. Parameters for optimisation of ion exchange methods -- 8.1 Resolution -- 8.2 Efficiency -- 8.3 Selectivity -- Summary -- References -- 4 -- Ion Exchange Resins for Selective Separation of Toxic Metals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ion exchange resins (IERs) -- 3. Type of IERs -- 4. Synthesis of IERs -- 5. Uses of IERs -- 6. Activity of IERs -- 7. Properties of IERs -- 7.1 IE capacity of resin -- 7.2 Water retention capacity of ion exchange resin -- 7.3 Density of ion exchange resin -- 7.4 Surface area of ion exchange resin -- 7.5 Regeneration of ion exchange resin -- 8. Selectivity of IERs -- 9. Toxic metals -- 10. Selective separation of toxic metals -- 11. Modern ion exchange separation method in industry and its future prospects -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 -- Separation and Purification of Bioactive Molecules by Ion Exchange -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Reversed phase chromatography -- 2. Polymeric sorbents for preparative chromatography of biologically active compounds -- 2.1 Designing a biochemical purification -- 3. Ion-exchange separation and purification of polyphenols -- 3.1 Separation of bioactive catechin derivatives by AEC -- 4. Ion-exchange separation and purification of protein -- 5. Use of ion-exchange chromatography for the separation of peptide -- 5.1 Separation of human C-peptide by ion exchange -- 6. Separation of Alkaloids from Chinese Medicines by ion-exchange -- 7. Separation of plasmid DNA using ion-exchange chromatography -- 8. Separation of carbohydrates from seaweed using ion-exchange chromatography -- 9. Future Prospects -- References. , 6 -- Ion Exchange Resins as Carriers for Sustained Drug Release -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles of sustained drug release -- 2.1 Evolution of sustained drug delivery systems -- 2.2.1 First-generation delivery systems -- 2.2.2 Second-generation delivery systems -- 2.2.3 Third/ Next generation delivery systems -- 3. Types of sustained drug delivery systems -- 3.1 Diffusion-controlled system -- 3.1.1 Reservoir system -- 3.1.2 Matrix system -- 3.2 Osmotic system -- 3.3 Floating system -- 3.4 Bioadhesive system -- 3.5 Liposome system -- 4. IERs as drug delivery systems -- 4.1 Chemistry of IERs -- 4.2. Complexation of IER and the drug -- 4.2.1 Selection of the drug -- 4.2.2 Purification of resins -- 4.2.3 Drug loading -- 4.2.3.1 Batch method -- 4.2.3.2 Column method -- 4.2.4 Factors affecting drug loading -- 4.2.4.1 Particle size -- 4.2.4.2 Porosity and swelling -- 4.2.4.3 Available capacity -- 4.2.4.4 Acid-base strength -- 4.2.5 Evaluation of drug resinates -- 5. Modified resinates -- 6. Release kinetics of drugs complexed with IERs -- 7. Efficiency of IERs as the delivery mechanism -- 7.1 Oral drugs -- 7.2 Nasal drugs -- 7.3 Ophthalmic drugs -- 7.4 Oro-dispersible films (ODF) -- 7.5 Oral liquid suspensions -- 8. Commercial IERs used in sustained drug delivery -- 8.1 Dowex 50W -- 8.2 Indion 244 -- 8.3 Amberlite IRP-69 -- 9. Future perspectives -- References -- 7 -- Ion Exchange Resins for Clinical Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Application of resins in formulation-related issues -- 2.1 Taste development -- 2.2 Aiding in dissolution -- 2.3 Role as disintegrating agents -- 2.4 Drug stabilization -- 2.5 Water purification for the production of pharmaceuticals -- 2.6 Anti-deliquescence -- 3. Applications in drug release systems -- 3.1 Simple resinates -- 3.2 Microencapsulated resinates -- 3.3 Hollow fiber system -- 3.4 Gastric retentive system. , 3.5 Sigmoidal release system -- 4. Applications in targeted drug delivery -- 4.1 Oral drug delivery -- 4.2 Nasal drug delivery -- 4.3 Transdermal drug delivery -- 4.4 Ophthalmic drug delivery -- 4.5 Application in cancer treatment -- 5. Applications in therapeutics -- 5.1 High cholesterol treatment -- 5.2 Application in treatment of pruritus -- 5.3 Applications in treating of oedema -- 5.4 Application in the treatment of cardiac oedema -- 5.5 Applications as antacids -- 5.6 Treating uremia -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 -- Applications of Ion Exchange Resins in Water Softening -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water hardness -- 2.1 Salts providing hardness -- 2.2 Negative effect of water hardness -- 3. Ion exchange resins for water softening -- 3.1 Strongly acidic resins -- 3.2 Weakly acidic resins -- 3.3 Polymer-inorganic resins -- 4. Regeneration of ion exchange resins and their fouling -- 5. Ion exchange in a combination with other processes -- 5.1 Ion exchange and ultrasound -- 5.2 Ion exchange and electrodialysis -- Conclusions -- References -- back-matter -- Keyword Index -- About the Editors.

Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Artificial Intelligence Nano-Robots -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Composites -- 2.1 Liquid crystal elastomers -- 2.2 Shape memory polymers -- 2.3 Hydrogels -- 2.4 CNT actuators -- 2.5 Conducting polymers -- 3. Components and materials -- 4. Movement in nanorobots -- 5. Mechanism and stimulation -- 6. Trust dimensions -- 6.1 Reliability and safety -- 6.2 Explainability and interpretability -- 6.3 Privacy and security -- 6.4 Performance and robustness -- 7. Actuators -- 7.1 Thermally responsive actuators -- 7.2 Photo-responsive actuators -- 7.3 Magnetically responsive actuators -- 7.4 Electrically responsive actuators -- 8. Applications -- 8.1 Cancer detection and its treatment -- 8.2 Nanorobots in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes -- 8.3 Artificial oxygen carrier nanorobot -- 9. Future challenges -- Conclusion and future scope -- Conflict of interest -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 -- Data Mining in Material Science -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Machine learning and materials science -- 3. ML algorithms in materials science -- 4. Steps in machine learning for materials science -- 4.1 Experience -- 4.2 Task -- 4.3 Classification -- 4.4 Regression -- 4.5 Clustering -- 4.6 Dimension reduction and conception -- 4.7 Efficient searching -- 4.8 Performance measure -- 4.9 Model particulars -- 4.10 Supervised model -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Artificial Intelligence Applications in Solar Photovoltaic Renewable Energy Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of Solar PV Renewable Energy System and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology -- 1.2 Solar energy generation -- 1.3 Classification of solar energy technologies (SET) -- 1.3.1 Concentrated solar-thermal power (CSP) -- 1.3.2 Solar photovoltaic energy -- 2. Artificial intelligence (AI) -- 2.1 Machine learning -- 2.2 Deep learning. , 2.2.1 Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) -- 2.2.2 Long short-term memory (LSTM) -- 2.2.3 Generative adversarial network (GAN) -- 3. Application of AI in solar PV system -- 3.1 Monitoring of PV systems -- 3.2 PV fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods -- 3.3 Employment of AI technologies for sizing PV systems -- 3.4 Modelling of a solar PV generator -- 3.5 Solar water heating systems (SWHs) -- 4. Challenges of effective AI application in solar PV system -- 4.1 Solar energy optimization -- 4.2 PV-dependent hybrid facility optimization -- 4.3 External factors of solar energy generation -- 4.4 Challenges in the development of solar energy systems -- 4.5 Solar energy transformation -- 5. Prospects and future work consideration -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 -- Artificial Intelligence in Material Genomics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material genomics -- 3. Strength of artificial intelligence -- 4. Artificial intelligence in material genomics -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 -- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Polymer Manufacturing -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence in polymer manufacturing -- 2. Classification of artificial intelligence -- 2.1 Classification of AI based on capabilities -- 3. Key Developments and commercialization in the polymer industry -- 4. Application of artificial intelligence in polymer manufacturing -- 4.1 Artificial intelligence and polymer manufacturing -- 4.2 Biodegradable polymers and artificial intelligence -- 4.3 Artificial intelligence and packaging industries -- 4.4 Agriculture and artificial intelligence -- 4.5 Healthcare and artificial intelligence -- 4.6 Artificial intelligence and dentistry -- 4.7 Food industry and artificial intelligence -- 4.8 Cosmetic artificial intelligence -- 5. Future prospects and conventional challenges. , 6. Guidelines, rules, and regulations for polymeric manufacturing -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Conflict of Interest -- Reference -- 6 -- Artificial Intelligence for Energy Conversion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alternative sources of energy and artificial intelligence -- 3. Machine learning and its application in material sciences -- 4. Limitation of principled method and how ML can intervene -- 5. Applications of AI in the domain of energy conversions -- 5.1 AI in photonics -- 5.2 AI in electrochemical catalyst -- 5.3 AI in electrolysis -- 5.4 AI in fuel cell technology -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- back-matter -- Keyword Index -- About the Editors.

Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Based Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Silicon Solar Cells (SSCs) -- 3. Perovskites-Based Solar Cells (PSCs) -- 3.1 Structure of PSCs -- 3.2 Optoelectronic Properties Of PSCs -- 3.3 Influence of A, B, and X site -- 3.3.1 A-Site -- 3.3.2 B-Site -- 3.3.3 X-Site -- 4. Mixed Concentration of Perovskite Absorbing Layer -- 4.1 A-site -- 4.4 Mixed B-Sites Cations -- 4.5 X-Site -- 5. Requirements for Each Layer -- 5.1 Electron Transport Layer -- 5.1.1 Different ETL Material Used In Perovskite Cells -- 5.2 Hole Transporting Layer -- 5.2.1 Hole Transporting Material (HTM) -- 5.2.2 Inorganic P-type semiconductors as HTMs -- 5.2.3 Organometallic HTMs -- 5.3 Absorbing Layer -- 5.3.1 Preparation Method of The Perovskite Light Absorbing Layer -- 6. Fabrication Techniques -- 6.1 One-Step Deposition -- 6.2 Two-Step Deposition -- 6.3 Vapor Deposition Method -- 6.4 Spin Coating -- 6.4.1 One-Step Spin Coating -- 6.4.2 Two-Step Spin Coating -- 6.5 Thermal Vapor Deposition -- 7. Challenges in Perovskite-Based Solar Cells -- 7.1 Stability Challenges -- 7.2 Thermal Effect -- 7.3 Toxicity -- 7.4 J-V Hysteresis -- 8. Efficiency of Perovskite -- 9. Future Perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- Organometallic Halides-Based Perovskite Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Carbon-based energy sources -- 1.2 The global trend toward renewable energy resources -- 1.3 Era of Solar Cell (SCs) technology -- 1.4 Green energy (Carbon free) -- 2. Photovoltaic effect -- 2.1 Discovery of Sir Alexander Edmond Becquerel -- 2.2 Development of solar cells -- 2.3 Generations -- 2.4 Types of 3rd generation of SCs -- 3. Perovskite-based solar cells -- 3.1 Introduction to perovskite compounds -- 3.2 Classification of perovskite -- 3.3 Organometallic halide-based perovskite (OMHP) solar cells. , 3.4 Evolutionary history of perovskite solar cells with their efficiency -- 3.4.1 Open-circuit voltage (OCV) -- 3.4.2 Short-circuit voltage (Jsc) -- 3.4.3 Fill factor (FF) -- 3.5 Crystal structure of organometallic halides-based perovskite solar cells -- 3.6 Behavior of OMHP with different combinations of A, B, and X -- 3.6.1 A-site cations -- 3.6.2 B-site cations -- 3.6.3 X-site anions -- 3.6.3.1 Iodide (I) anion -- 3.6.3.2 Chloride (Cl) anion -- 3.6.3.3 Bromide (Br) anion -- 3.7 Goldschmidt tolerance factor ( ) -- 3.8 Octahedral factor (OF) -- 4. Important Parameters of Organometallic Halide-Based Perovskite (OMHP) -- 4.1 Charge transport (CT) -- 4.2 Diffusion length and mobility of charge carriers -- 4.3 Electronic structure (ES) -- 4.4 Effect of effective masses of holes and electron carriers -- 5. Environmental instability of organometallic halides-based perovskites (OMHPs) solar cells -- 5.1 Degradation and stability issue -- 5.2 Effect of moisture -- 5.3 Effect of temperature -- 5.4 Effect of oxygen and light -- 6. Recent development in the OMHP solar cells -- 6.1 Ion migration and the suppression of ions -- 6.2 Solvent engineering -- 6.3 Annealing -- 6.4 2D/3D technology -- 6.5 Organometallic halides-based perovskite quantum dot solar cells -- 6.6 Solid-state hole conductor-free (HCF) OMHP-SCs -- 6.7 Tandem perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) -- 6.8 Passivation of OMHP-SCs -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Perovskite Based Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Storage Devices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ferroelectricity -- 3. Ferroelectric Perovskites -- 4. Lead-Based Perovskite Ferroelectrics -- 4.1 Niobate-Based Ferroelectrics -- 4.2 Lanthanum Based Ferroelectrics -- 4.3 Lead-Free Perovskite Ferroelectrics -- 4.3.1 Barium Titanate Based Ferroelectric -- 4.3.2 Alkaline Niobate Based Ferroelectric -- 4.3.3 Bismuth Based Ferroelectrics. , 5. Energy Storage Devices -- 5.1 Types of Energy Storage Devices -- 5.1.1 Battery Energy Storage -- 5.1.2 Thermal Energy Storage -- 5.1.3 Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage -- 5.1.4 Mechanical Energy Storage -- 5.1.5 Hydrogen Energy Storage -- 6. Transport Properties -- 7. Energy Density of Ferroelectrics -- 7.1 Ways to Improve Energy Density -- 7.1.1 Chemical Substitution -- 8. High Energy Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells -- 9. Ferroelectrics for Energy Storage Devices -- 9.1 Fuel Cells -- 9.2 Photocatalysts -- 9.2.1 Characterization and Preparation of Photo Catalysts -- 9.3 Capacitive Energy Storage Devices -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 -- Techniques for Recycling and Recovery of Perovskites Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Recycling Roadmap -- 1.2 Delamination of perovskite solar cell modules -- 3. Need of recycling -- 3.1 Degradation of perovskite solar cells -- 3.2 Use of expensive raw materials -- 3.3 Toxicity behavior of lead -- 4. Recycling of several parts of perovskite solar cells -- 4.1 Recycling of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) -- 4.2 Recycling of Electron Transport Layer (ETL) -- 4.3 Recycling of toxic lead component -- 4.4 Recycling of metal electrodes -- 4.5 Recycling of monolithic structure -- 5. Future challenges -- 6. Analysis of cost -- Conclusion and future perspective -- Conflict of interest -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5 -- Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Categories of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) -- 2.1 Tin-Based PSCs -- 2.2 Germanium-Based PSCs -- 2.3 Antimony and bismuth-based PSCs -- 2.4 Halide double perovskites (HDPs) -- 3. Improvement Scopes in Lead-Free PSCs -- 3.1 Photovoltaic Efficiency -- 3.2 Stability -- 3.3 Defect Parameter Characterization and Defect Tolerance -- 3.4 Charge Transport Characterization -- 3.5 Electronic Dimensionality. , 4. Processing of High-Quality Lead-Free Perovskite Films -- 4.1 Vapour deposition method -- 4.2 Anti-Solvent Technique -- 4.3 Solution Processing -- 4.4 Two-Step Deposition -- 4.5 Low Pressure Assisted Solution Processing -- 4.6 Spin Coating -- 4.7 Inter-diffusion Method -- 4.8 Doctor Blade Coating -- 4.9 Vacuum Flash-Assisted Solution Process (VASP) -- 4.10 Complex Assisted Gas Quenching (CAGQ) method -- 4.11 Soft Cover Deposition (SCD) -- Conclusion and outlook -- References -- 6 -- Technical Potential Evaluation of Inorganic Tin Perovskite Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inorganic tin perovskite solar cells parameters used in AHP analysis -- 3. AHP Methodology -- 4. Results and discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- back-matter -- Keyword Index -- About the Editors.