GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • English  (1,028)
Material
Language
  • English  (1,028)
  • 1
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2018-02-15), p. 2307-2328
    Abstract: Abstract. The eruption of Mt. Tambora in 1815 was the largest volcanic eruption of the past 500 years. The eruption had significant climatic impacts, leading to the 1816 year without a summer, and remains a valuable event from which to understand the climatic effects of large stratospheric volcanic sulfur dioxide injections. The eruption also resulted in one of the strongest and most easily identifiable volcanic sulfate signals in polar ice cores, which are widely used to reconstruct the timing and atmospheric sulfate loading of past eruptions. As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), five state-of-the-art global aerosol models simulated this eruption. We analyse both simulated background (no Tambora) and volcanic (with Tambora) sulfate deposition to polar regions and compare to ice core records. The models simulate overall similar patterns of background sulfate deposition, although there are differences in regional details and magnitude. However, the volcanic sulfate deposition varies considerably between the models with differences in timing, spatial pattern and magnitude. Mean simulated deposited sulfate on Antarctica ranges from 19 to 264 kg km−2 and on Greenland from 31 to 194 kg km−2, as compared to the mean ice-core-derived estimates of roughly 50 kg km−2 for both Greenland and Antarctica. The ratio of the hemispheric atmospheric sulfate aerosol burden after the eruption to the average ice sheet deposited sulfate varies between models by up to a factor of 15. Sources of this inter-model variability include differences in both the formation and the transport of sulfate aerosol. Our results suggest that deriving relationships between sulfate deposited on ice sheets and atmospheric sulfate burdens from model simulations may be associated with greater uncertainties than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 20 ( 2017-10-27)
    Abstract: About 40 t of space dust enters the atmosphere every day. Around 20% of the dust vaporizes during entry because the particles enter at speeds of over 40,000 kph. The resulting metal vapors (principally Fe, Mg, and Si) then oxidize and condense into tiny particles known as meteoric smoke, around 1 nm in radius. This study examines where the meteoric smoke is deposited at the Earth's surface. The smoke has been detected in polar ice cores, with a much higher deposition rate than expected from measurements in the upper atmosphere. A global circulation model was therefore used to analyze how the smoke is transported from around 80 km altitude and deposited in Greenland and Antarctica, mainly by snow. The model cannot satisfactorily account for either the absolute rate of deposition or the ratio of the deposition rates in the polar regions. A variety of explanations to account for this discrepancy are then explored, including a volcanic artifact in the ice cores, fragmentation of meteoroids, and a temporal change in the cosmic dust input.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2019-10-11), p. 12767-12777
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2019-10-11), p. 12767-12777
    Abstract: Abstract. Accurate determination of the optical properties of analogues for meteoric smoke particles (MSPs), which are thought to be composed of iron-rich oxides or silicates, is important for their observation and characterization in the atmosphere. In this study, a photochemical aerosol flow system (PAFS) has been used to measure the optical extinction of iron oxide MSP analogues in the wavelength range 325–675 nm. The particles were made photochemically and agglomerate into fractal-like particles with sizes on the order of 100 nm. Analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) suggested the particles were most likely maghemite-like (γ-Fe2O3) in composition, though a magnetite-like composition could not be completely ruled out. Assuming a maghemite-like composition, the optical extinction coefficients measured using the PAFS were combined with maghemite absorption coefficients measured using a complementary experimental system (the MICE-TRAPS) to derive complex refractive indices that reproduce both the measured absorption and extinction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2018-04-04), p. 4519-4531
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2018-04-04), p. 4519-4531
    Abstract: Abstract. Heterogeneous nucleation of crystalline nitric acid hydrates in polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) enhances ozone depletion. However, the identity and mode of action of the particles responsible for nucleation remains unknown. It has been suggested that meteoric material may trigger nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT, or other nitric acid phases), but this has never been quantitatively demonstrated in the laboratory. Meteoric material is present in two forms in the stratosphere: smoke that results from the ablation and re-condensation of vapours, and fragments that result from the break-up of meteoroids entering the atmosphere. Here we show that analogues of both materials have a capacity to nucleate nitric acid hydrates. In combination with estimates from a global model of the amount of meteoric smoke and fragments in the polar stratosphere we show that meteoric material probably accounts for NAT observations in early season polar stratospheric clouds in the absence of water ice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 122, No. 14 ( 2017-07-27), p. 7678-7701
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 14 ( 2017-07-27), p. 7678-7701
    Abstract: Meteoric sulfur inputs of 1 S t d −1 and 3 S t d −1 have been incorporated into a chemistry‐climate model A meteoric sulfur layer in the MLT is predicted, with high number densities compared to other meteoric elemental constituents The meteoric sulfur flux is focused into the winter polar vortex and contributes to the polar upper stratospheric sulfur budget, including the stratospheric CN layer
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 122, No. 24 ( 2017-12-27)
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 24 ( 2017-12-27)
    Abstract: Meteoric smoke in the mesosphere can be composed of magnetite, wüstite, magnesiowüstite, or iron‐rich olivine Smoke compositions of pure pyroxene, hematite, iron‐poor olivine, magnesium silicate, and silica are excluded Global meteoric influx estimates are 3.3 t d −1 for ablated material only and 30 t d −1 for the total influx
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AIP Publishing ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 143, No. 2 ( 2015-07-14)
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 143, No. 2 ( 2015-07-14)
    Abstract: Recently, a line list including positions and transition strengths was published for the NH X3Σ− rovibrational and rotational transitions. The calculation of the transition strengths requires a conversion of transition matrix elements from Hund’s case (b) to (a). The method of this conversion has recently been improved during other work on the OH X2Π rovibrational transitions, by removing an approximation that was present previously. The adjusted method has been applied to the NH line list, resulting in more accurate transition strengths. An updated line list is presented that contains all possible transitions with v′ and v″ up to 6, and J up to between 25 and 44, depending on the band.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3113-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473050-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 141, No. 5 ( 2014-08-07)
    Abstract: A new line list for rovibrational and rotational transitions, including fine structure, within the NH ${\rm X}^3\Sigma \rm {^-}$X3Σ− ground state has been created. It contains line intensities in the form of Einstein A and f-values, for all possible bands up to v′ = 6, and for J up to between 25 and 44. The intensities are based on a new dipole moment function (DMF), which has been calculated using the internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction method with an aug-cc-pV6Z basis set. The programs RKR1, LEVEL, and PGOPHER were used to calculate line positions and intensities using the most recent spectroscopic line position observations and the new DMF, including the rotational dependence on the matrix elements. The Hund's case (b) matrix elements from the LEVEL output (available as Supplement 1 of the supplementary material) have been transformed to the case (a) form required by PGOPHER. New relative intensities for the (1,0) band have been measured, and the calculated and observed Herman-Wallis effects are compared, showing good agreement. The line list (see Supplement 5 of the supplementary material) will be useful for the study of NH in astronomy, cold and ultracold molecular systems, and in the nitrogen chemistry of combustion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3113-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473050-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 600, No. 7889 ( 2021-12-16), p. 472-477
    Abstract: The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1,2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3–7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 607, No. 7917 ( 2022-07-07), p. 97-103
    Abstract: Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care 1 or hospitalization 2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling ( IL10RB and PLSCR1 ), leucocyte differentiation ( BCL11A ) and blood-type antigen secretor status ( FUT2 ). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase ( ATP11A ), and increased expression of a mucin ( MUC1 )—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules ( SELE , ICAM5 and CD209 ) and the coagulation factor F8 , all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...