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  • 1
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2020-11)
    Abstract: Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  American Journal of Primatology Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 289-302
    In: American Journal of Primatology, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 289-302
    Abstract: Understanding the main drivers of species extinction in human‐modified landscapes has gained paramount importance in proposing sound conservation strategies. Primates play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of forest ecosystem functions and represent the best studied order of tropical terrestrial vertebrates, yet primate species diverge widely in their responses to forest habitat disturbance and fragmentation. Here, we present a robust quantitative review on the synergistic effects of habitat fragmentation on Neotropical forest primates to pinpoint the drivers of species extinction across a wide range of forest patches from Mexico to Argentina. Presence‐absence data on 19 primate functional groups were compiled from 705 forest patches and 55 adjacent continuous forest sites, which were nested within 61 landscapes investigated by 96 studies. Forest patches were defined in terms of their size, surrounding matrix and level of hunting pressure on primates, and each functional group was classified according to seven life‐history traits. Generalized linear mixed models showed that patch size, forest cover, level of hunting pressure, home range size and trophic status were the main predictors of species persistence within forest isolates for all functional groups pooled together. However, patterns of local extinction varied greatly across taxa, with Alouatta and Callicebus moloch showing the highest occupancy rates even within tiny forest patches, whereas Brachyteles and Leontopithecus occupied fewer than 50% of sites, even in relatively large forest tracts. Our results uncover the main predictors of platyrrhine primate species extinction, highlighting the importance of considering the history of anthropogenic disturbances, the structure of landscapes, and species life‐history attributes in predicting primate persistence in Neotropical forest patches. We suggest that large‐scale conservation planning of fragmented forest landscapes should prioritize and set‐aside large, well‐connected and strictly protected forest reserves to maximize species persistence across the entire spectrum of primate life‐history. Am. J. Primatol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0275-2565 , 1098-2345
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 3
    In: Insect Conservation and Diversity, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 432-444
    Abstract: Mega hydroelectric dams have become one of the main drivers of habitat loss in tropical forests, converting large tracts of pristine forests into isolated forest islands. Understanding how biodiversity cope with landscape modification in these archipelagic landscapes is of paramount importance to assess the environmental consequences of dam infrastructure and propose mitigation actions for biodiversity conservation. In this context, harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) comprise an excellent indicator taxon of habitat quality, given their high sensitivity to desiccation and microclimatic change. We investigate the effects of landscape change induced by a mega hydropower dam on forest harvestmen species richness, abundance and composition within the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam, Central Brazilian Amazon. We sampled 20 islands and 5 mainland continuous forests, relating our biological response variables to local, patch and landscape scale metrics. Although unexpectedly species richness was unaffected by any local, patch and landscape variables, species composition and abundance were differentially affected by a set of predictor variables at different scales. Forest cover and fallen woody stems were significant predictors of species composition, whereas vegetation density, forest cover, island area, abundance of palm trees, and fallen woody stems best explained harvestmen abundance. Our results indicate that both islands embedded within greater and lower amount of forest cover are important to ensure high diversity of harvestmen. We recommend retaining large forest habitat patches surrounded by a large amount of forest cover to minimise forest disturbance effects and enhance long‐term persistence of harvestmen sensitive species in large hydroelectric dams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-458X , 1752-4598
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Under habitat loss and fragmentation, the intensity of local ecological processes involving species interactions changes pervasively, accelerating local species extinctions, and disrupting essential ecosystem functions. We addressed this issue by examining the direct population drivers of apex predators (five felid species), armadillo mesopredators, leafcutter ants ( Atta sexdens and Atta cephalotes ), and the indirect effects mediated by their inter‐trophic relationships in a ~25‐yr‐old land‐bridge island system formed by a hydroelectric dam in the Central Amazon. These trophic groups and pioneer tree abundance were surveyed across 34 variable‐sized islands and three continuous forest sites. Leafcutter populations were characterized in relation to their occurrence, colony density, and proportion of inactive colonies, and for each leafcutter response, we considered the direct and/or indirect effects of forest area on each trophic group. Leafcutter occupancy was best explained by the direct model, colony density by either the direct or the indirect model, and proportion of inactive colonies by an indirect model via the effects of pioneer tree abundance. The direct forest area effects were positive for apex predators and leafcutter occupancy, but negative for armadillos and pioneer trees. Yet leafcutter colony density declined in increasingly larger forest areas. The absence or low abundance of apex predators on small islands released armadillo hyper‐abundance, which contrary to expectation from top‐down control, covaried positively with leafcutter colony density. Finally, the indirect model showed that leafcutter colonies were more active under higher pioneer tree abundances. That leafcutter density increases on smaller islands whenever present is likely attributed to the hyper‐abundance of pioneer plants and canopy gaps. Although apex predators apparently suppressed armadillos, the remaining fraction of the food web seems to be controlled by bottom‐up mechanisms most likely related the overall low foliage palatability typical of wet evergreen forests. Our findings can be used to inform the long‐term viability of forest ecosystems affected by hydropower development in lowland Amazonia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 5 ( 2021-08), p. 792-801
    Abstract: Floodplain areas comprise some 30% of the area in the Amazon, but are currently under severe anthropogenic threat. Across the Amazon Basin, forest‐dwelling non‐volant mammals play crucial roles in maintaining the integrity of forest functionality, yet have been poorly studied in fluvial island forests. Mammal assemblages may be affected by edaphic characteristics that operate indirectly via food nutritional quality, by patch attributes, and/or can be modulated by anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we conducted systematic and quantitative mammal surveys across fluvial islands of an Amazonian archipelago, to assess the influence of edaphic factors (soil fertility), island attributes (island area and degree of isolation) and anthropogenic characteristics (distance from human settlement and logging) on the patterns of mammal species composition and richness. On 28 islands, we conducted spoor surveys and deployed 49 camera traps (total effort of 2940 camera trap‐days). Subsequently, we performed multiple regression analysis to investigate the influence of environmental and anthropogenic predictors on mammal species richness, while dbRDA (distance‐based redundancy analysis) was used for species composition. We found that mammal species richness was positively correlated with soil fertility, and in combination with anthropogenic characteristics, both variables affected the species assemblage composition. In particular, smaller species were found across a variety of levels of soil fertility and anthropogenic disturbances, while larger mammals were mostly recorded at sites with higher soil fertility and low levels of anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding the contribution of environmental and anthropogenic characteristics to the observed mammalian species richness and assemblage composition patterns will help optimise management and conservation efforts on Amazonian fluvial islands. In particular, we suggest enforcing hunting and logging restrictions within fluvial islands through surveillance activities, especially in more fertile islands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 56, No. 3 ( 2019-03), p. 779-791
    Abstract: As mega hidrelétricas formam arquipélagos altamente fragmentados, que afetam a biodiversidade e o funcionamento dos ecossistemas em remanescentes florestais isolados. Este estudo avaliou o impacto a longo prazo da fragmentação induzida por barragens em comunidades de árvores insulares tropicais, a fim de gerar recomendações robustas que mitiguem parte dos impactos negativos sobre a biodiversidade associada ao desenvolvimento de futuras barragens. Nós inventariamos árvores adultas e jovens em 89 parcelas permanentes, localizadas em 36 ilhas e em três áreas de floresta contínua na Hidrelétrica de Balbina, Amazônia Brasileira. Examinamos as diferenças no recrutamento, estrutura e composição das comunidades de árvores jovens e adultas, em relação a distintas variáveis em escala de parcela, mancha e paisagem, incluindo área, isolamento e severidade do fogo. As ilhas abrigaram menores densidades de jovens (média ± 95% IC: 48.6 ± 3.8) e adultos (5 ± 0.2) por 0.01 ha, do que as florestas contínuas (jovens, 65.7 ± 7.5; adultos, 5.6 ± 0.3). As comunidades de árvores jovens e adultas nas ilhas foram mais dissimilares do que nas florestas contínuas, com as composições das espécies apresentando um afastamento direcional em relação às florestas contínuas, induzidas pela severidade do fogo, área da ilha e isolamento. O recrutamento de jovens nas ilhas diminuiu com o aumento da severidade do fogo; comunidades com maior densidade média de madeira apresentaram os maiores declínios de recrutamento. Nossos resultados sugerem que as comunidades de árvores insulares são instáveis, com espécies raras tornando‐se propensas à extinção devido à redução do recrutamento e da densidade de árvores nas ilhas, levando potencialmente a perdas futuras na biodiversidade e no funcionamento do ecossistema nas ~3500 ilhas de Balbina. Implicações políticas Em Balbina, o fogo e redução da área e da conectividade foram os propulsores do decaimento da comunidade de árvores após apenas 28 anos de insularização, apesar da rigorosa proteção fornecida pela ~ 940.000 ha da Reserva Biológica do Uatumã. Considerando que muitas barragens estão planejadas em terras baixas e com moderada vazão na Amazônia, recomendamos que as estratégias futuras de desenvolvimento considerem explicitamente i) a localização da barragem, com o objetivo de minimizar a formação de ilhas pequenas ( 〈 10 ha) e isoladas, ii) a manutenção dos níveis de água do reservatório durante as secas, para reduzir o risco de incêndio, e iii) a inclusão da área insular agregada no impacto ambiental e nos cálculos de compensação. Idealmente, recomendamos que alternativas ao desenvolvimento de energia hidrelétrica devam ser buscadas nas regiões tropicais de terras baixas, devido às elevadas perdas de biodiversidade e à ruptura dos ecossistemas causada pelo represamento do rio.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 7 ( 2019-07)
    Abstract: Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records ( n  = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest ( n  = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus ( n  = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus ( n  = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records ( n  = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest ( n  = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 9 ( 2022-09)
    Abstract: The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer‐reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non‐invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human‐mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
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  • 9
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Abstract: As palmeiras (Arecaceae) exercem grande relevância na estrutura e funcionamento dos ecossistemas de florestas tropicais, além de compreenderem recursos‐chave para animais frugívoros. Entretanto, muitas espécies estão atualmente em risco de extinção devido à superexploração e/ou perda de habitat. Nosso estudo visou realizar uma revisão sistemática com uma abordagem cientométrica de todas as 78 espécies de palmeiras nativas da Mata Atlântica brasileira, buscando identificar as espécies e regiões mais bem estudadas, principais tópicos estudados, padrões gerais, tendências e lacunas na pesquisa científica associada a esta família botânica. No total, foram realizados estudos para 48 espécies pertencentes a 10 gêneros, com o número de estudos aumentando exponencialmente a partir dos anos 70 e exibindo grande diferença no número de publicações entre as espécies. Euterpe edulis foi a espécie mais estudada ( n = 274), seguida por Acrocomia aculeata ( n = 205), enquanto Bactris bahiensis (1), Geonoma litoralis (1), Syagrus santosii (1) e Trithrinax acanthocoma (0) foram as espécies menos estudadas. O maior número de estudos foi realizado nos estados do sudeste do Brasil. Com relação ao tipo de estudos, 34% e 27% estavam relacionados a propriedades bioquímicas e processos ecológicos, respectivamente, enquanto os estudos sobre entomologia ( n = 26), cultura de tecidos ( n = 23) e taxonomia ( n = 7) representaram o menor número. Dado o papel fundamental das palmeiras nas florestas tropicais, nosso estudo sugere que as pesquisas futuras devem se concentrar em espécies menos estudadas, incluindo Desmoncus spp., Geonoma spp. e Trithrinax sp. e em algumas áreas menos estudadas, como a porção nordeste da Mata Atlântica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 10
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Abstract: Palms (Arecaceae) exert great relevance to the structure and functioning of tropical forest ecosystems, in addition to comprise key resources for frugivorous animals. However, many species are currently at risk of extinction due to overexploitation and/or habitat loss. Our study aimed to perform a systematic review with a scientometric approach of all 78 native palm species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, seeking to identify the best‐studied species and regions, main studied topics, overall patterns, trends and gaps in scientific research associated with this botany family. In total, studies were carried out for 48 species belonging to 10 genera, with the number of studies exponentially increasing from the 70s and exhibiting great difference in the number of publications among species. Euterpe edulis was the most studied species ( n = 274), followed by Acrocomia aculeata ( n = 205), whereas Bactris bahiensis (1), Geonoma litoralis (1), Syagrus santosii (1) and Trithrinax acanthocoma (0) comprised the less studied species. The largest number of studies was carried out in the south‐eastern states of Brazil. Regarding the type of studies, 34% and 27% were related to biochemical properties and ecological processes, respectively, while studies on entomology ( n = 26), tissue culture ( n = 23) and taxonomy ( n = 7) showed the lowest number of studies. Given the key role of palms in tropical forests, our study suggests that future research should focus on less studied species, including Desmoncus spp., Geonoma spp. and Trithrinax sp., and on some less studied areas like the north‐east portion of the Atlantic Forest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2095166-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019899-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 7,29
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