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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of the Asian summer Monsoons to a high-latitude thermal forcing: mechanisms and nonlinearities
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 54, No. 9-10 ( 2020-05), p. 3927-3944
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 54, No. 9-10 ( 2020-05), p. 3927-3944
    Abstract: This study investigates mechanisms and nonlinearities in the response of the Asian Summer Monsoons (ASM) to high-latitude thermal forcings of different amplitudes. Using a suite of runs carried out with an intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation model, we find that the imposed forcings produce a strong precipitation response over the eastern ASM but a rather weak response over the southern ASM. The forcing also causes a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and dry conditions over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and southeast Asia. A moderate increase of precipitation along the southern margin of the TP is also produced. Simulations designed to isolate the causal mechanisms show that thermodynamic interactions involving the tropical surface oceans are far less important than the water-vapour feedback for the transmission of information from the high-latitudes to the ASM. Additionally, we assess the nonlinearity of the ASM precipitation response to the forcing amplitude using a novel application of the empirical orthogonal function method. The response can be decomposed in two overlapping patterns. The first pattern represents a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern TP and dry conditions over BoB, which linearly increases with forcing amplitude becoming quasi-stationary for large forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies larger than 10 °C). The second pattern is associated with increased precipitation over the southeastern TP and is nonlinearly dependent on forcing, being most important for intermediate forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies between 5 and 10 °C).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05210-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
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    Ukrainian early (pre‐1850) historical weather observations
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Geoscience Data Journal Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2021-06), p. 55-73
    Details
    In: Geoscience Data Journal, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2021-06), p. 55-73
    Abstract: In this paper, we describe the results of a climate data rescue (DARE) activity conducted at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (Kyiv, Ukraine) in cooperation with the Justus Liebig University Giessen (Giessen, Germany), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Met Office Hadley Centre (Exeter, United Kingdom). The focus of our work is on pre‐1850 sub‐daily meteorological observations conducted on the territory of modern Ukraine. Data from eight stations (stored in special hard copy tables/books, with handwritten records) have been digitized during the DARE process, resulting in 291,103 rescued values in total. More than half of this number (165,980, ~57%) are related to air temperature data, 124,376 data values (~42.7%) concern atmospheric pressure records and 747 values (~0.3%) are precipitation data. Simple quality control of the digitized data has been conducted, including an intercomparison between stations as well as comparison with monthly temperature data previously digitized from other paper sources. The quality control procedures revealed fairly good agreement between rescued time series on the monthly time scale as well as with the monthly data from independent sources. However, several periods for a few stations should be used with caution due to relatively large discrepancies that were found. The rescued digital database can be used for extreme value analysis for the pre‐1850 period in comparison with today's climate, regional climatological studies and will be used for future Reanalysis. In addition, for the first time, we show that subdaily temperature from Kyiv during 'the year without summer' 1816 in Western and Central Europe were not anomalous in this part of Eastern Europe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-6060 , 2049-6060
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/gdj3.v8.1
    DOI: 10.1002/gdj3.108
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745699-7
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  • 3
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    A Sensitivity Assessment of COSMO-CLM to Different Land Cover Schemes in Convection-Permitting Climate Simulations over Europe
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 1595-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 1595-
    Abstract: The question of how sensitive the regional and local climates are to different land cover maps and fractions is important, as land cover affects the atmospheric circulation via its influence on heat, moisture, and momentum transfer, as well as the chemical composition of the atmosphere. In this study, we used three independent land cover data sets, GlobCover 2009, GLC2000 and ESACCI-LC, as the lower boundary of the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (Consortium for Small Scale Modeling in Climate Mode, v5.0-clm15) to perform convection-permitting regional climate simulations over the large part of Europe covering the years 1999 and 2000 at a 0.0275° horizontal resolution. We studied how the sensitivity of the impacts on regional and local climates is represented by different land cover maps and fractions, especially between warm (summer) and cold (winter) seasons. We show that the simulated regional climate is sensitive to different land cover maps and fractions. The simulated temperature and observational data are generally in good agreement, though with differences between the seasons. In comparison to winter, the summer simulations are more heterogeneous across the study region. The largest deviation is found for the alpine area (−3 to +3 °C), which might be among different reasons due to different classification systems in land cover maps and orographical aspects in the COSMO-CLM model. The leaf area index and plant cover also showed different responses based on various land cover types, especially over the area with high vegetation coverage. While relating the differences of land cover fractions and the COSMO-CLM simulation results (the leaf area index, and plant coverage) respectively, the differences in land cover fractions did not necessarily lead to corresponding bias in the simulation results. We finally provide a comparative analysis of how sensitive the simulation outputs (temperature, leaf area index, plant cover) are related to different land cover maps and fractions. The different regional representations of COSMO-CLM indicate that the soil moisture, atmospheric circulation, evaporative demand, elevation, and snow cover schemes need to be considered in the regional climate simulation with a high horizontal resolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    Eastern Mediterranean summer temperatures since 730 CE from Mt. Smolikas tree-ring densities
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 54, No. 3-4 ( 2020-02), p. 1367-1382
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 54, No. 3-4 ( 2020-02), p. 1367-1382
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-019-05063-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of future changes in meteorological drought patterns in Fulda, Germany
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40, No. 13 ( 2020-11-15), p. 5515-5526
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 13 ( 2020-11-15), p. 5515-5526
    Abstract: Meteorological droughts have large impacts on society and the environment. A better understanding and quantification of their occurrences can be highly relevant for the development of proper climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience strategies. Here we examine meteorological droughts from observed data covering the 1971–2000 period for the Fulda catchment in Germany by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index. The joint dependency of drought duration and severity is modelled by a copula function, which relates their univariate distributions in a functional relationship. Recurrence intervals are further calculated as a function of the joint relationship and univariate marginals. Future projections are investigated in which downscaled EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections for the period 2021–2050 are used together with the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, in order to analyse and compare future joint patterns of duration and severity of events. We find that drought duration and severity present a clear interdependency supporting the choice of a bivariate model. Results suggest substantial differences in the future joint relationship duration–severity. Depending on the RCM and RCP, drought patterns show different magnitude of changes in the future. The projected changes are different for the different returns periods. RCP8.5 shows more severe events and longer drought durations than RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. The uncertainties of the projected patterns also depend on the RCP and RCM and are larger for higher return periods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v40.13
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6532
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Extending the climatological concept of ‘ Detection and Attribution’ to global change ecology in the Anthropocene
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 34, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 2270-2282
    Details
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 2270-2282
    Abstract: Research into global change ecology is motivated by the need to understand the role of humans in changing biotic systems. Mechanistic understanding of ecological responses requires the separation of different climatic parameters and processes that often operate on diverse spatiotemporal scales. Yet most environmental studies do not distinguish the effects of internal climate variability from those caused by external, natural (e.g. volcanic, solar, orbital) or anthropogenic (e.g. greenhouse gases, ozone, aerosols, land‐use) forcing factors. We suggest extending the climatological concept of ‘Detection and Attribution’ (DA) to unravel abiotic drivers of ecological dynamics in the Anthropocene. We therefore apply DA to quantify the relative roles of natural versus industrial temperature change on elevational shifts in the outbreak epicentres of the larch budmoth (LBM; Zeiraphera diniana or griseana Gn.); the classic example of a cyclic forest defoliating insect. Our case study shows that anthropogenic warming shifts the epicentre of travelling LBM waves upward, which disrupts the intensity of population outbreaks that occurred regularly over the past millennium in the European Alps. Our findings demonstrate the ability of DA to detect ecological responses beyond internal system variability, to attribute them to specific external climate forcing factors and to identify climate‐induced ecological tipping points. In order to implement the climatological concept of ‘Detection and Attribution’ successfully into modern global change ecology, future studies should combine high‐resolution paleoenvironmental reconstructions and state‐of‐the‐art climate model simulations to inform inference‐based ecosystem models. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fec.v34.11
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13647
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020307-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 619313-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Long-term decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall and abrupt climate change events over the past 6,700 years
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 30 ( 2021-07-27)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 30 ( 2021-07-27)
    Abstract: Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability and its long-term ecological and societal impacts extending back to Neolithic times are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution climate proxy data. Here, we present a precisely dated and well-calibrated tree-ring stable isotope chronology from the Tibetan Plateau with 1- to 5-y resolution that reflects high- to low-frequency ASM variability from 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a persistent drying trend since the mid-Holocene, a rapid decrease in moisture availability between ∼2000 and ∼1500 BCE caused a dry hydroclimatic regime from ∼1675 to ∼1185 BCE, with mean precipitation estimated at 42 ± 4% and 5 ± 2% lower than during the mid-Holocene and the instrumental period, respectively. This second-millennium–BCE megadrought marks the mid-to late Holocene transition, during which regional forests declined and enhanced aeolian activity affected northern Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ∼2000 BCE contributed to the shift of Neolithic cultures in northern China and likely triggered human migration and societal transformation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102007118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    External forcing mechanisms controlling the North Atlantic coastal upwelling regime during the mid-Holocene
    Geological Society of America ; 2021
    In:  Geology Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 433-437
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 433-437
    Abstract: Nearshore upwelling along the eastern North Atlantic margin regulates regional marine ecosystem productivity and thus impacts blue economies. While most global circulation models show an increase in the intensity and duration of seasonal upwelling at high latitudes under future human-induced warmer conditions, projections for the North Atlantic are still ambiguous. Due to the low temporal resolution of coastal upwelling records, little is known about the impact of natural forcing mechanisms on upwelling variability. Here, we present a microfossil-based proxy record and modeling simulations for the warmest period of the Holocene (ca. 9–5 ka) to estimate the contribution of the natural variability in North Atlantic upwelling via atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. We found that more frequent high-pressure conditions in the eastern North Atlantic associated with solar activity and orbital parameters triggered upwelling variations at multidecadal and millennial time scales, respectively. Our new findings offer insights into the role of external forcing mechanisms in upwelling changes before the Anthropocene, which must be considered when producing future projections of midlatitude upwelling activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G48112.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184929-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041152-2
    SSG: 13
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  • 9
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    近期东亚季节性温差减弱幅度已超出〈bold〉14〈/bold〉世纪以来自然变率范围
    Science China Press., Co. Ltd. ; 2023
    In:  SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2023-5-1), p. 1128-1142
    Details
    In: SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae, Science China Press., Co. Ltd., Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2023-5-1), p. 1128-1142
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1674-7240
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1360/N072022-0057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Science China Press., Co. Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    Plant Functional Types Differ in Their Long-term Nutrient Response to eCO2 in an Extensive Grassland
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Ecosystems Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2022-08), p. 1084-1095
    Details
    In: Ecosystems, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2022-08), p. 1084-1095
    Abstract: Increasing atmospheric CO 2 enhances plant biomass production and may thereby change nutrient concentrations in plant tissues. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on nutrient concentrations of grassland biomass that have been grown for 16 years (1998–2013). The grassland biomass grown at the extensively managed Giessen FACE experiment, fumigated with ambient and elevated CO 2 (aCO 2 ; eCO 2 ; +20%) was harvested twice annually. Concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were determined separately for grasses, forbs and legumes. Under eCO 2 , the concentration of N was reduced in grasses, Ca was reduced in grasses and forbs, P was reduced in grasses but increased in legumes, Mg concentration was reduced in grasses, forbs and legumes and K was reduced in grasses but increased in forbs. The nutrient yield (in g nutrient yield of an element per m −2 ) of most elements indicated negative yield responses at a zero biomass response to eCO 2 for grasses. K and Zn nutrient yields responded positively to eCO 2 in forbs and Mn and Fe responded positively in forbs and legumes. The results suggest that under eCO 2 the nutrient concentrations were not diluted by the CO 2 fertilization effect. Rather, altered plant nutrient acquisitions via changed physiological mechanisms prevail for increased C assimilation under eCO 2 . Furthermore, other factors such as water or nutrient availability affected plant nutrient concentrations under eCO 2 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-9840 , 1435-0629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00703-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478731-3
    SSG: 12
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