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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A 9-Year Comparison of Dementia Prevalence in Korea: Results of NaSDEK 2008 and 2017
    IOS Press ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2021-05-18), p. 821-831
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2021-05-18), p. 821-831
    Abstract: Background: In many high-income Western countries, the prevalence of dementia had been reduced over the past decades. Objective: We investigated whether the prevalence of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) had changed in Korea from 2008 to 2017. Methods: Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) in 2008 and 2017 was conducted on representative elderly populations that were randomly sampled across South Korea. Both surveys employed a two-stage design (screening and diagnostic phases) and diagnosed dementia and MCI according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the consensus criteria from the International Working Group, respectively. The numbers of participants aged 65 years or older in the screening and diagnostic phases were 6,141 and 1,673 in the NaSDEK 2008 and 2,972 and 474 in the NaSDEK 2017, respectively. Results: The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease showed nonsignificant decrease (12.3% to 9.8%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–1.48 for all-cause dementia; 7.6% to 6.8%, OR [95% CI] = 0.91 [0.58–1.42] for Alzheimer’s disease). Vascular dementia decreased in the young-old population aged less than 75 years (2.7% to 0.001%, OR [95% CI] = 0.04 [0.01–0.15] ) and in women (1.9% to 0.5%, OR [95% CI] = 0.27 [0.10–0.72] ) while MCI remained stable (25.3% to 26.2%, OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.67–1.73] ). Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of dementia in Korea showed a nonsignificant decrease between 2008 and 2017.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-201588
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Does Indian Monsoon Regulate the Northern Hemisphere Stationary Wave Pattern?
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-1-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-1-20)
    Abstract: The Northern Hemisphere summer climate isstrongly affected by a circumglobal stationary Rossby wave train, which can be manifested by the first EOF mode of the geopotential height at 200 hPa. Interannual variation of this Northern Hemisphere wave (NHW) pattern has a significant impact on remarkably warm surface temperature anomalies over the North Atlantic, Northeast Europe, East Asia to Central-North Pacific, and America, particularly in 2018 and 2010. The NHW pattern is likely generated by atmospheric diabatic heating and vorticity forcing: diabatic heating is mainly confined in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation region, whereas the anti-cyclonic vorticity forcing is distributed in the globe. The ISM is a well-known diabatic heat source; however, the main source of vorticity forcing has not been established. In general, the tropical vorticity anomaly comes from diabatic heating-induced atmospheric waves and randomly generated inherent internal waves. The linear baroclinic model experiment reveals that the NHW pattern can be generated by the westward propagating tropical waves generated by the ISM diabatic heat forcing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.599745
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741235-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Record-breaking summer rainfall in South Korea in 2020: Synoptic characteristics and the role of large-scale circulations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Monthly Weather Review ( 2021-07-01)
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-07-01)
    Abstract: In the summer of 2020, South Korea experienced record-breaking rainfall due to 15 consecutive heavy rainfall events (HREs) from mid-June to early September. Among them, 11 HREs occurred in late June to mid-August with distinct synoptic characteristics depending on the occurrence period. All HREs from 29 June to 27 July (P1) were triggered by extratropical cyclones, while those from 28 July to 15 August (P2) mainly occurred along monsoon rainband. We argue that their transition is associated with atmospheric teleconnections. During P1, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) anomalously extended westward, but its northward expansion was hindered by the meridional wave train from the suppressed convection over the South China Sea. This condition prevented a northward migration of the monsoon rainband but allowed more extratropical cyclones to pass over the Korean Peninsula, resulting in four HREs. During P2, the South China Sea convection was enhanced, and its circulation response prompted an abrupt northward expansion of the WNPSH with a large pressure gradient along its northern boundary. With intensified southwesterly moisture transport, a monsoon rainband was activated over the Korean Peninsula, producing six HREs. The opposite phases of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation, i.e., negative in P1 but positive in P2, further contributed to the anomalous monsoon circulation by modulating the mid-latitude circulation response to the South China Sea convection. This study demonstrates that the nature of summertime HREs in East Asia can be strongly modulated by remote forcings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0051.1
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0051.s1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of volcanic eruptions on extratropical atmospheric circulations: review, revisit and future directions
    IOP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 063003-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 063003-
    Abstract: Understanding the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the atmospheric circulations and surface climate in the extratropics is important for inter-annual to decadal climate prediction. Previous studies on the Northern Hemisphere climate responses to volcanic eruptions have shown that volcanic eruptions likely induce northern Eurasian warming through the intensified Arctic polar vortex in the stratosphere and the positive phase of Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation in the troposphere. However, large uncertainties remain and the detailed physical processes have yet to be determined. The circulation responses in the Southern Hemisphere also remain controversial with large differences between the observed and model-simulated results. In this paper, we review previous studies on the extratropical circulation and surface climate responses to volcanic eruptions and update our understanding by examining the latest observational datasets and climate model simulations. We also propose new insights into the crucial role of the latitude of volcanic eruptions in determining the extratropical circulation changes, which has received less attention. Finally, we discuss uncertainty factors that may have important implications to the extratropical circulation responses to volcanic eruptions and suggest future directions to resolve those issues through systematic model experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acd5e6
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Transient Eddies in North Pacific Blocking Formation and Its Seasonality
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 2453-2470
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 2453-2470
    Abstract: The mechanism of North Pacific (NP) blocking formation is investigated by conducting a reanalysis-based budget analysis of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency equation. It is confirmed that the amplification of NP blocking anomalies primarily results from vorticity fluxes with a minor contribution of heat fluxes. In winter, the cross-frequency vorticity fluxes, resulting from interactions between high-frequency eddies and the slowly varying background flow, dominate the blocking formation. The cross-frequency vorticity fluxes, however, become substantially weaker and comparable to the low-frequency vorticity fluxes in summer. This seasonality indicates that the mechanism of NP blocking formation varies with seasons due to the different background flow. It is further found that NP blocking formation is not sensitive to the region of formation (i.e., western vs eastern NP) nor to the type of wave breaking (i.e., cyclonic vs anticyclonic wave breaking).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0011.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability of Daily Maximum Wind Speed across China, 1975–2016: An Examination of Likely Causes
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2793-2816
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2793-2816
    Abstract: Assessing change in daily maximum wind speed and its likely causes is crucial for many applications such as wind power generation and wind disaster risk governance. Multidecadal variability of observed near-surface daily maximum wind speed (DMWS) from 778 stations over China is analyzed for 1975–2016. A robust homogenization protocol using the R package Climatol was applied to the DMWS observations. The homogenized dataset displayed a significant ( p 〈 0.05) declining trend of −0.038 m s −1 decade −1 for all China annually, with decreases in winter (−0.355 m s −1 decade −1 , p 〈 0.05) and autumn (−0.108 m s −1 decade −1 ; p 〈 0.05) and increases in summer (+0.272 m s −1 decade −1 , p 〈 0.05) along with a weak recovery in spring (+0.032 m s −1 decade −1 ; p 〉 0.10); that is, DMWS declined during the cold semester (October–March) and increased during the warm semester (April–September). Correlation analysis of the Arctic Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the west Pacific modes exhibited significant correlation with DMWS variability, unveiling their complementarity in modulating DMWS. Further, we explored potential physical processes relating to the atmospheric circulation changes and their impacts on DMWS and found that 1) overall weakened horizontal airflow [large-scale mean horizontal pressure gradient (from −0.24 to +0.02 hPa decade −1 ) and geostrophic wind speed (from −0.6 to +0.6 m s −1 decade −1 )], 2) widely decreased atmospheric vertical momentum transport [atmospheric stratification thermal instability (from −3 to +1.5 decade −1 ) and vertical wind shear (from −0.4 to +0.2 m s −1 decade −1 )], and 3) decreased extratropical cyclones frequency (from −0.3 to 0 month decade −1 ) are likely causes of DMWS change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0603.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0603.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Opposing Shifts of the Hadley Cell Edge and Eddy-Driven Jet Latitude in the Last Glacial Maximum: A Parameter Sweep Study Using a Dynamical Core GCM
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 885-898
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 885-898
    Abstract: A coherent poleward displacement of the Hadley cell (HC) edge and eddy-driven jet latitude has been well documented in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) under the present and future climate changes. However, a recent study showed that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) winter, an equatorward shift of the HC edge but a poleward shift of the jet latitude are found in the SH. These opposing circulation changes are investigated in this study by conducting the parameter sweep experiments using a dynamical core general circulation model (GCM). By systematically varying the amplitude of tropical upper-tropospheric and polar surface cooling, mimicking the LGM-like climate state, an opposing shift of circulation is reproduced when polar cooling is much stronger than tropical cooling. This is due to the higher sensitivity of the jet-latitude change compared to the HC-edge change in response to polar cooling. Eddy cospectra analysis reveals that the poleward jet shift is dominated by fast waves as the baroclinic zone expands poleward with increasing polar surface cooling. Instead, the HC-edge change is largely attributed to the activity of slow waves and the axisymmetric circulation change. They lead to the HC edge being weakly influenced by extratropical baroclinicity, resulting in an equatorward shift of the HC edge under a global cooling–like condition. Similar circulation changes but with an opposite sign are also found in global warming–like experiments. This result suggests that a poleward HC shift together with an equatorward jet shift can occur even in a future climate if Arctic amplification is accelerated relative to tropical warming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0989.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0989.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diverse Synoptic Weather Patterns of Warm-Season Heavy Rainfall Events in South Korea
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 149, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 3875-3893
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 149, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 3875-3893
    Abstract: This study identifies diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events (HREs) in South Korea. The HREs not directly connected to tropical cyclones (TCs) (81.1%) are typically associated with a midlatitude cyclone from eastern China, the expanded North Pacific high, and strong southwesterly moisture transport in between. They are frequent both in the first (early summer) and second rainy periods (late summer) with impacts on the south coast and west of the mountainous region. In contrast, the HREs resulting from TCs (18.9%) are caused by the synergetic interaction between the TC and meandering midlatitude flow, especially in the second rainy period. The strong south-southeasterly moisture transport makes the southern and eastern coastal regions prone to the TC-driven HREs. By applying a self-organizing map algorithm to the non-TC HREs, their surface weather patterns are further classified into six clusters. Clusters 1 and 3 exhibit a frontal boundary between the low and high with differing relative strengths. Clusters 2 and 5 feature an extratropical cyclone migrating from eastern China under different background sea level pressure patterns. Cluster 4 is characterized by the expanded North Pacific high with no organized negative sea level pressure anomaly, and cluster 6 displays a development of a moisture pathway between the continental and oceanic highs. Each cluster exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal occurrence distribution. The result provides useful guidance for HRE prediction by depicting important factors to be differently considered depending on their synoptic categorization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-20-0388.1
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-20-0388.s1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in the Subseasonal Prediction of Extreme Events: Relevant Case Studies across the Globe
    American Meteorological Society ; 2022
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 103, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. E1473-E1501
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 103, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. E1473-E1501
    Abstract: Extreme weather events have devastating impacts on human health, economic activities, ecosystems, and infrastructure. It is therefore crucial to anticipate extremes and their impacts to allow for preparedness and emergency measures. There is indeed potential for probabilistic subseasonal prediction on time scales of several weeks for many extreme events. Here we provide an overview of subseasonal predictability for case studies of some of the most prominent extreme events across the globe using the ECMWF S2S prediction system: heatwaves, cold spells, heavy precipitation events, and tropical and extratropical cyclones. The considered heatwaves exhibit predictability on time scales of 3–4 weeks, while this time scale is 2–3 weeks for cold spells. Precipitation extremes are the least predictable among the considered case studies. ­Tropical cyclones, on the other hand, can exhibit probabilistic predictability on time scales of up to 3 weeks, which in the presented cases was aided by remote precursors such as the Madden–Julian oscillation. For extratropical cyclones, lead times are found to be shorter. These case studies clearly illustrate the potential for event-dependent advance warnings for a wide range of extreme events. The subseasonal predictability of extreme events demonstrated here allows for an extension of warning horizons, provides advance information to impact modelers, and informs communities and stakeholders affected by the impacts of extreme weather events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0221.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MJO influence on subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Climate ( 2023-08-23)
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, ( 2023-08-23)
    Abstract: The impacts of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are examined using the reforecasts from the S2S project and subseasonal experiment project (SubX). When forecasts are initialized during active MJO, overall extratropical prediction skill becomes significantly higher at 3- to 4-week windows compared to inactive MJO. Such prediction skill improvement is evident in 500-hPa geopotential height over the Pacific-North America and the North Atlantic, and surface temperature over North America, especially when the model is initialized during the MJO phases 6-7 and 8-1. However, the extratropical prediction skill is not modulated by the MJO phases 2-3 and 4-5. This phase dependency is likely set by the arrival time of MJO to the Maritime Continent (MC) barrier that substantially enhances the MJO amplitude error. This result suggests that only active MJO having their enhanced convection east of the MC provide a source of wintertime S2S predictability in the extratropics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0139.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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