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  • 1
    In: Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2022-01-01), p. P01013-
    Abstract: The semiconductor tracker (SCT) is one of the tracking systems for charged particles in the ATLAS detector. It consists of 4088 silicon strip sensor modules. During Run 2 (2015–2018) the Large Hadron Collider delivered an integrated luminosity of 156 fb -1 to the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass proton-proton collision energy of 13 TeV. The instantaneous luminosity and pile-up conditions were far in excess of those assumed in the original design of the SCT detector. Due to improvements to the data acquisition system, the SCT operated stably throughout Run 2. It was available for 99.9% of the integrated luminosity and achieved a data-quality efficiency of 99.85%. Detailed studies have been made of the leakage current in SCT modules and the evolution of the full depletion voltage, which are used to study the impact of radiation damage to the modules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-0221
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235672-1
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 03 ( 2022-03-01), p. P03014-
    Abstract: Many measurements at the LHC require efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom (b) or charm (c) quarks. An overview of the algorithms used to identify c jets is described and a novel method to calibrate them is presented. This new method adjusts the entire distributions of the outputs obtained when the algorithms are applied to jets of different flavours. It is based on an iterative approach exploiting three distinct control regions that are enriched with either b jets, c jets, or light-flavour and gluon jets. Results are presented in the form of correction factors evaluated using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb -1 at  √s = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2017. The closure of the method is tested by applying the measured correction factors on simulated data sets and checking the agreement between the adjusted simulation and collision data. Furthermore, a validation is performed by testing the method on pseudodata, which emulate various mismodelling conditions. The calibrated results enable the use of the full distributions of heavy-flavour identification algorithm outputs, e.g. as inputs to machine-learning models. Thus, they are expected to increase the sensitivity of future physics analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-0221
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235672-1
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  • 3
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, IOP Publishing, Vol. 135, No. 1046 ( 2023-04-01), p. 048001-
    Abstract: This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6280 , 1538-3873
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003100-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207655-4
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
    In: Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 2022-04-01), p. 042024-
    Abstract: DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter- I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high- Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L–H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co- I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-5515 , 1741-4326
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037980-8
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  • 5
    In: Metrologia, IOP Publishing, Vol. 56, No. 1A ( 2019-01-01), p. 08006-
    Abstract: The CCQM Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) agreed on a Track A comparison for the measurement of polar organic in biological matrix as part of its 10-year strategic plan. As a model for this comparison, two polar clinical biomarkers: urea and uric acid, in human serum were chosen. This comparison was designed to enable participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) or Designated Institutes (DIs) to demonstrate their measurement capabilities in the determination of analytes with molecular mass of 50 to 500 g/mol, having the polarity pK OW 〉 2 in the range of 10 to 2,000 mg/kg in a biological matrix such as human serum, blood and urine. Two pools of human serum materials with different concentration levels of urea and uric acid were used as the comparison materials. Fifteen NMIs/DIs participated in this Track A comparison. All of them submitted the results for urea and 14 NMIs/DIs submitted the results for uric acid. With the exception of one NMI, all participating institutes employed isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for the measurement of both urea and uric acid. Protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and/or clean-up were applied, followed by instrumental analyses using GC-HRMS, GC-MS/MS, GC-MS, LC-HRMS, LC-MS/MS, LC-MS or HPLC-DAD. The Laplacian weighted medians were used as the Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs). The assigned KCRVs were the weighted medians of 13 results for urea (both serum pools), 10 results for uric acid (Serum I) and 11 results for uric acid (Serum II). Urea (Serum I) was assigned a KCRV of 1,486.0 mg/kg with a standard uncertainty of 9.0 mg/kg, urea (Serum II) was assigned a KCRV of 334.7 mg/kg with a standard uncertainty of 1.8 mg/kg, uric acid (Serum I) was assigned a KCRV of 136.50 mg/kg with a standard uncertainty of 0.98 mg/kg, and uric acid (Serum II) was assigned a KCRV of 39.39 mg/kg with a standard uncertainty of 0.11 mg/kg. The degree of equivalence (with the KCRV) and its uncertainty were calculated for each result. The majority of the participating institutes in CCQM-K109 demonstrated their capabilities in the measurement of the clinical markers in the biological matrix using IDMS. KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH Clinical biomarkers; urea; uric acid; human serum, IDMS Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-1394 , 1681-7575
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460891-1
    SSG: 11
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