Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Comments on the Antiquity of Mining Rocks and Minerals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Agate -- 1.3 Obsidian -- 1.4 Albaster -- 1.5 Chlorite -- 1.6 Gypsum and Lime Plaster -- 1.7 First Mining and Quarrying Operations -- 1.8 Ancient Resource Exploitation and the Supernatural World -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: A Review of the Geology and Geodynamic Evolution of Tectonic Terranes in Turkey -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tectonic Classification of the Terranes of Turkey -- 2.3 Description of the Alpine Turkish Terranes -- 2.3.1 The SE Anatolian Autochthon -- 2.3.2 The Bitlis-Pütürge Metamorphic Belt -- 2.3.3 The Southeast Neotethyan Suture Belt -- 2.3.4 Tauride-Anatolide Terrane -- 2.3.4.1 The Taurides -- 2.3.4.2 The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex and the Menderes Massif -- 2.3.4.2.1 The Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex -- 2.3.4.2.2 The Menderes Massif -- 2.3.4.3 The Kütahya Bolkardağ Belt -- 2.3.5 Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Belt -- 2.3.6 Sakarya Composite Terrane -- 2.3.7 The Intra-Pontide Ophiolite Belt -- 2.3.8 Istanbul-Zonguldak Composite Terrane -- 2.3.9 Rhodope-Istranca Terrane -- 2.3.9.1 Ezine Terrane -- 2.3.9.2 The Istranca Terrane -- 2.4 The Tertiary of Turkey -- 2.5 The Neotectonic Period -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Chromitite Deposits of Turkey in Tethyan Ophiolites -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Tethyan Ophiolites of the Eastern Mediterranean -- 3.3 Chromitites: Types, Occurrences, Petrological Features -- 3.3.1 Types of Chromitite Deposits -- 3.3.2 General Characteristics of the Turkish Chromitites -- 3.3.3 Geochemical Features of Turkish Chromitites and Platinum Group Element (PGE) Contents -- 3.4 Geological Properties of Chromitites in Turkey. , 3.4.1 Region One: NW Anatolian (Balıkesir, Bursa, Eskişehir and Kütahya) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits -- 3.4.1.1 Balıkesir Region Chromite Deposits -- 3.4.1.2 Bursa Region Chromite Deposits -- 3.4.1.2.1 Orhaneli Sub-region -- 3.4.1.2.2 Harmancık Sub-Region -- 3.4.1.3 Kütahya Region -- 3.4.1.4 Eskişehir Region -- 3.4.2 Region Two: North Anatolian (Çankırı, Çorum, Kastamonu, Sinop, Tokat and Yozgat) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits -- 3.4.2.1 Çankırı Region -- 3.4.2.1.1 Çankırı Ophiolites -- 3.4.2.1.2 Çankırı Region Chromitites -- 3.4.2.2 Çorum Region -- 3.4.2.2.1 Çorum Region Chromitites -- 3.4.2.3 Kastamonu and Sinop Regions -- 3.4.2.3.1 Kastamonu and Sinop Ophiolites -- 3.4.2.3.2 Kastamonu and Sinop Region Chromitites -- 3.4.2.4 Tokat and Yozgat Regions -- 3.4.2.4.1 Tokat-Yozgat Ophiolites -- 3.4.2.4.2 Tokat and Yozgat Regions Chromitites -- 3.4.3 Region Three: NE Anatolian (Sivas, Bayburt, Erzincan, and Erzurum) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits -- 3.4.3.1 Sivas Region -- 3.4.3.1.1 Sivas Ophiolites -- 3.4.3.1.2 Sivas Region Chromitites -- 3.4.3.2 Erzincan Region -- 3.4.3.2.1 Erzincan Region Chromitites -- 3.4.3.3 Erzurum and Bayburt Regions -- 3.4.3.3.1 Erzurum Region Chromitites -- 3.4.4 Region Four: SW Anatolia (Muğla, Denizli, Burdur, Isparta, Konya, and Antalya) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits -- 3.4.4.1 Muğla, Denizli and Burdur Regions -- 3.4.4.1.1 Muğla-Denizli-Burdur Region Ophiolites -- 3.4.4.1.2 Muğla Chromitites -- 3.4.4.1.3 Denizli Chromitites -- 3.4.4.1.4 Burdur Region Chromitites -- 3.4.4.2 Isparta-Konya-Antalya Regions -- 3.4.4.2.1 Isparta-Konya-Antalya Ophiolites -- 3.4.4.2.2 Isparta Region Chromitites -- 3.4.4.2.3 Konya Region Chromitites -- 3.4.4.2.4 Antalya Region Chromitites -- 3.4.5 Region Five: Central Anatolian (Mersin, Adana, Kayseri) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits. , 3.4.5.1 Mersin Region -- 3.4.5.1.1 Mersin Ophiolites -- 3.4.5.1.2 Mersin Chromitite Occurrences -- 3.4.5.2 Adana Region -- 3.4.5.2.1 Adana Ophiolites -- 3.4.5.2.2 Adana Chromitites -- 3.4.5.3 Kayseri Region -- 3.4.5.3.1 Kayseri Ophiolites -- 3.4.5.3.2 Kayseri Chromitite Occurrences -- 3.4.6 Region Six: SE Anatolian (Hatay, Osmaniye, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Elazığ, Siirt, Van, Hakkari) Ophiolites and Related Chromitite Deposits -- 3.4.6.1 Hatay-Osmaniye-Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş Regions -- 3.4.6.1.1 Hatay Region -- Kızıldağ Ophiolite -- Hatay Chromitites -- 3.4.6.1.2 Osmaniye Ophiolites -- Osmaniye Chromitites -- 3.4.6.1.3 Gaziantep Region -- Gaziantep Ophiolites -- Gaziantep Chromitites -- 3.4.6.1.4 Kahramanmaraş Region -- Ophiolites -- 3.4.6.2 Adıyaman and Elazığ Regions -- 3.4.6.2.1 Adıyaman Region -- Chromitites -- 3.4.6.2.2 Elazığ Region -- 3.4.6.3 Siirt-Van-Hakkari Regions Chromite Deposits -- 3.4.6.3.1 Siirt Region -- Ophiolites -- Chromitites -- 3.4.6.3.2 Van Region -- Özalp Ophiolite -- Van Region Chromitites -- 3.4.6.3.3 Hakkari Region -- Hakkari Chromitites -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Epithermal Deposits of Turkey -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Tectonic Settings and Ages of Mineralisation -- 4.3 Distribution and Geological Features of Epithermal Deposits of Turkey -- 4.3.1 Western Anatolia Volcanic and Extensional Province (WAVEP) in Western Turkey -- 4.3.2 Epithermal Systems In Biga Peninsula -- 4.3.2.1 TV Tower -- 4.3.2.2 Ağı Dağı -- 4.3.2.3 Kirazlı -- 4.3.2.4 Kartaldağ -- 4.3.2.5 Madendağ -- 4.3.2.6 Kestanelik (Şahinli) -- 4.3.2.7 Koru and Tesbihdere -- 4.3.2.8 Arapuçandere -- 4.3.2.9 Kısacık -- 4.3.3 Epithermal Systems in the South of Biga Peninsula -- 4.3.3.1 Küçükdere and Çoraklık Tepe -- 4.3.3.2 Kubaşlar -- 4.3.3.3 Gömeç -- 4.3.3.4 Karadere -- 4.3.3.5 Ovacık -- 4.3.3.6 Efemçukuru -- 4.3.3.7 Ergama (Gokceyazi). , 4.3.4 Kütahya-Afyon-Uşak Region -- 4.3.4.1 Karakoca -- 4.3.4.2 Su Döşeği -- 4.3.4.3 Yukarı Ortaburun (Katrandağ) -- 4.3.4.4 Mumcu -- 4.3.4.5 Değirmenciler -- 4.3.4.6 Kaymaz -- 4.3.4.7 Red Rabbit (Kızıltepe) -- 4.3.4.8 İnkaya -- 4.4 The Central Anatolian Province -- 4.4.1 Öksüt -- 4.4.2 İnlice -- 4.5 Eastern Black Sea, Pontide Metallogenic Province: Northeastern Turkey -- 4.5.1 Mastra -- 4.5.2 Hasandağ -- 4.5.3 Sisorta -- 4.5.4 Arzular -- 4.5.5 Olucak -- 4.5.6 Eskine Yayla -- 4.5.7 Etir Yayla -- 4.5.8 Asarcık -- 4.5.9 İnler Yaylası -- 4.6 Ore Mineralogy -- 4.6.1 Pyrite -- 4.6.2 Sphalerite -- 4.6.3 Fahlore Group -- 4.6.4 Gold and Silver -- 4.7 Epithermal Textures and Associated Minerals -- 4.8 Fluid Inclusions -- 4.9 Stable Isotopes -- 4.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Turkish Iron Deposits -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sivas-Malatya-Erzincan Region -- 5.2.1 Divriği A and B Kafa Iron Deposits -- 5.2.2 Dumluca-Divriği Iron Deposit -- 5.2.3 Pınargözü-Çetinkaya Iron Deposit -- 5.2.4 Otlukilise-Gürün Iron Deposit -- 5.2.5 Hasançelebi-Hekimhan Iron Deposit -- 5.2.6 Karakuz-Hekimhan Iron Deposit -- 5.2.7 Deveci-Hekimhan Iron Deposit -- 5.2.8 Bizmişen-Kemaliye Iron Deposit -- 5.2.9 Sarıkaya-Sorgun Iron Deposit -- 5.3 Kayseri-Adana Region -- 5.3.1 Karamadazı Iron Deposit -- 5.3.2 Karaçat-Kızıl Iron Deposit -- 5.3.3 Mağarabeli Iron Deposit -- 5.3.4 Karahalka Iron Deposit -- 5.3.5 Attepe Iron Deposit -- 5.4 Ankara-Kesikköprü Region -- 5.4.1 Kesikköprü-Bala Iron Deposit -- 5.5 Western Anatolian Region -- 5.5.1 Yazıbaşı-Hortuna Iron Deposit -- 5.5.2 Çavdar-Söke Iron Deposit -- 5.5.3 Ayazmant Iron Deposit -- 5.5.4 Şamlı Iron Deposit -- 5.5.5 Büyük Eymir Iron Deposit -- 5.6 Other Regions -- 5.6.1 Çataktepe-Domuzbayırı and Göltepe-Balaban Iron Deposits -- 5.6.2 Çamdağ-Ferizli Iron Deposit -- 5.6.3 Çambaşı Iron Deposit -- 5.6.4 Kotana-Dereli Iron Deposit. , 5.6.5 Kartiba-Fındıklı Iron Deposit -- 5.6.6 Avnik-Genç Iron Deposit -- 5.6.7 Çelikhan Iron Deposit -- 5.6.8 Osmaniye-İskenderun Region -- 5.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Manganese Deposits of Turkey -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Black Shale: Hosted Type Mn Deposits -- 6.2.1 Ulukent and Gökçeovacık Deposits -- 6.2.2 The Kepirli Mn Mineralization -- 6.3 Radiolarian Chert: Hosted Manganese Deposits -- 6.3.1 The Kilis Region Deposits -- 6.4 Oligocene: Hosted Manganese Deposits -- 6.4.1 The Binkılıç Mn Deposit -- 6.5 Vein: Type Manganese Deposits -- 6.5.1 The Dilli Manganese Deposit -- 6.5.2 The Gökçeada Manganese Mineralization -- 6.6 Geochemistry -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Skarns and Skarn Deposits of Turkey -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Geological Framework -- 7.2.1 Continental Fragments -- 7.2.1.1 Pontides -- 7.2.1.2 Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex/Kirsehir Massif -- 7.2.1.3 Western Anatolian Province -- 7.2.1.4 Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt -- 7.2.2 NeoTethyan Evolution -- 7.3 Skarns in Turkey -- 7.3.1 Skarns in Pontides -- 7.3.1.1 Skarns in Western Pontides (Strandja Massif) -- 7.3.1.2 Eastern Pontides -- 7.3.2 Skarn Deposits of SEAOB -- 7.3.2.1 Fe-Skarns -- 7.3.2.2 Pb-Zn Skarns -- 7.3.2.3 Mo-W-CaF2-Skarns -- 7.3.3 Skarns in Western Anatolian Province -- 7.3.3.1 Skarns in the Biga Peninsula -- 7.3.3.2 Skarns in Menderes Massif -- 7.3.4 Skarns in Tavsanli Zone -- 7.3.4.1 Mo-Skarns -- 7.3.4.2 W-Skarns -- 7.3.5 Skarn Deposits of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) -- 7.3.5.1 Fe- and Fe-W- Skarns -- 7.3.5.2 Pb-Zn Skarns -- 7.4 Discussions -- 7.4.1 Major Variables in Skarn Deposits -- 7.4.2 Temporal and Spatial Relations Between Skarns and Associated Intrusive Rocks -- 7.4.2.1 Pontides -- 7.4.2.2 SEAOB -- 7.4.2.3 Western Anatolian Province (WAP) -- 7.4.2.4 Tavsanli Zone -- 7.4.2.5 CACC. , 7.4.3 Petrogenesis of Skarns and Compositional Characteristics of Intrusive Rocks.