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  • Artikel  (169)
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  • Artikel  (169)
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  • 11
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    Controlled tunneling-induced dephasing of Rabi rotations for high-fidelity hole spin initialization (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-22
    Beschreibung: Author(s): P.-L. Ardelt, T. Simmet, K. Müller, C. Dory, K. A. Fischer, A. Bechtold, A. Kleinkauf, H. Riedl, and J. J. Finley We report the subpicosecond initialization of a single heavy hole spin in a self-assembled quantum dot with 〉 98.5 % fidelity and without external magnetic field. Using an optically addressable charge and spin storage device we tailor the relative electron and hole tunneling escape time scales from… [Phys. Rev. B 92, 115306] Published Fri Sep 18, 2015
    Schlagwort(e): Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 12
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    Self-homodyne measurement of a dynamic Mollow triplet in the solid state (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-27
    Beschreibung: Nature Photonics 10, 163 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.276 Authors: Kevin A. Fischer, Kai Müller, Armand Rundquist, Tomas Sarmiento, Alexander Y. Piggott, Yousif Kelaita, Constantin Dory, Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis & Jelena Vučković The study of the light–matter interaction at the quantum scale has been enabled by the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) architecture, in which a quantum two-level system strongly couples to a single cavity mode. Originally implemented with atoms in optical cavities, CQED effects are now also observed with artificial atoms in solid-state environments. Such realizations of these systems exhibit fast dynamics, making them attractive candidates for devices including modulators and sources in high-throughput communications. However, these systems possess large photon out-coupling rates that obscure any quantum behaviour at large excitation powers. Here, we have used a self-homodyning interferometric technique that fully employs the complex mode structure of our nanofabricated cavity to observe a quantum phenomenon known as the dynamic Mollow triplet. We expect this interference to facilitate the development of arbitrary on-chip quantum state generators, thereby strongly influencing quantum lithography, metrology and imaging.
    Print ISSN: 1749-4885
    Digitale ISSN: 1749-4893
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 13
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    Coherent control with a short-wavelength free-electron laser (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-27
    Beschreibung: Nature Photonics 10, 176 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.13 Authors: K. C. Prince, E. Allaria, C. Callegari, R. Cucini, G. De Ninno, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, E. Ferrari, P. Finetti, D. Gauthier, L. Giannessi, N. Mahne, G. Penco, O. Plekan, L. Raimondi, P. Rebernik, E. Roussel, C. Svetina, M. Trovò, M. Zangrando, M. Negro, P. Carpeggiani, M. Reduzzi, G. Sansone, A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo, E. V. Gryzlova, S. I. Strakhova, K. Bartschat, N. Douguet, J. Venzke, D. Iablonskyi, Y. Kumagai, T. Takanashi, K. Ueda, A. Fischer, M. Coreno, F. Stienkemeier, Y. Ovcharenko, T. Mazza & M. Meyer Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) produce short-wavelength pulses with high intensity, ultrashort duration, well-defined polarization and transverse coherence, and have been utilized for many experiments previously possible only at long wavelengths: multiphoton ionization, pumping an atomic laser and four-wave mixing spectroscopy. However one important optical technique, coherent control, has not yet been demonstrated, because self-amplified spontaneous emission FELs have limited longitudinal coherence. Single-colour pulses from the FERMI seeded FEL are longitudinally coherent, and two-colour emission is predicted to be coherent. Here, we demonstrate the phase correlation of two colours, and manipulate it to control an experiment. Light of wavelengths 63.0 and 31.5 nm ionized neon, and we controlled the asymmetry of the photoelectron angular distribution by adjusting the phase, with a temporal resolution of 3 as. This opens the door to new short-wavelength coherent control experiments with ultrahigh time resolution and chemical sensitivity.
    Print ISSN: 1749-4885
    Digitale ISSN: 1749-4893
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 14
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    Aspergillosis immunoPET/MR imaging [Medical Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-24
    Beschreibung: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening lung disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, and is a leading cause of invasive fungal infection-related mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies and bone marrow transplants. We developed and tested a novel probe for noninvasive detection of A. fumigatus lung...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
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  • 15
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    Therapeutic effect of JAK1/2 blockade on the manifestations of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in mice (2016)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-08
    Beschreibung: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome, characterized by severe hyperinflammation and immunopathological manifestations in several tissues. These features result from organ infiltration by overactivated CD8 T-cells and macrophages, which produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18. Recently, several Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, have been developed as immunosuppressive agents. They have proven beneficial effects in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders and inflammatory conditions. To determine whether pharmacological inhibition of the JAK1/2 not only prevents the onset of HLH immunopathology but also is effective against existing HLH, cytotoxicity-impaired Prf1 –/– and Rab27a –/– mice with full-blown HLH syndrome were treated with a clinically relevant dose of ruxolitinib. In vivo, ruxolitinib treatment suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation and led to recovery from HLH manifestations in both murine models. In the Prf1 –/– mice, these beneficial effects were evidenced by a greater survival rate, and in both murine models, they were evidenced by the correction of blood cytopenia and a rapid decrease in serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. During ruxolitinib treatment, liver tissue damage receded concomitantly with a decrease in the number of infiltrating inflammatory macrophages and an increase in the number of alternatively activated macrophages. In Rab27a –/– mice, central nervous system involvement was significantly reduced by ruxolitinib therapy. Our findings demonstrate that clinically relevant doses of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib suppresses the harmful consequences of macrophage overactivation characterizing HLH in 2 murine models. The results could be readily translated into the clinic for the treatment of primary, and perhaps even secondary, forms of HLH.
    Schlagwort(e): Immunobiology
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Digitale ISSN: 1528-0020
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Publiziert von American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 16
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    Ichthyosis as the dermatological phenotype associated to TTC7A mutations (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-06
    Beschreibung: The phenotype associated to spontaneous mutation in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A (TTC7A) in the flaky skin ( fsn ) mice 1 combines gastric hyperplasia, hyperproliferative immune disorder and skin anomalies. All fsn mice progressively develop thick white scales and patchy alopecia that turns into papulo-squamous lesions, marked hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis associated to a dermal mixed inflammatory infiltrate on skin biopsy 2,3 . To date, the fsn mouse constitutes a model for human psoriasis vulgaris 3 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-2133
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 17
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    Hypoxia-induced cardiac injury in dystrophic mice (2016)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-03
    Beschreibung: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease of progressive destruction of striated muscle, resulting in muscle weakness with progressive respiratory and cardiac failure. Respiratory and cardiac disease are the leading causes of death in DMD patients. Previous studies have suggested an important link between cardiac dysfunction and hypoxia in the dystrophic heart; these studies aim to understand the mechanism underlying this connection. Here we demonstrate that anesthetized dystrophic mice display significant mortality following acute exposure to hypoxia. This increased mortality is associated with a significant metabolic acidosis, despite having significantly higher levels of arterial P o 2 . Chronic hypoxia does not result in mortality, but rather is characterized by marked cardiac fibrosis. Studies in isolated hearts reveal that the contractile function of dystrophic hearts is highly susceptible to short bouts of ischemia, but these hearts tolerate prolonged acidosis better than wild-type hearts, indicating an increased sensitivity of the dystrophic heart to hypoxia. Dystrophic hearts display decreased cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction. Isolated dystrophic cardiomyocytes and hearts have normal levels of FCCP-induced oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial morphology and content are normal in the dystrophic heart. These studies demonstrate reductions in cardiac efficiency and oxygen extraction of the dystrophic heart. The underlying cause of this reduced oxygen extraction is not clear; however, the current studies suggest that large disruptions of mitochondrial respiratory function or coronary flow regulation are not responsible. This finding is significant, as hypoxia is a common and largely preventable component of DMD that may contribute to the progression of the cardiac disease in DMD patients.
    Schlagwort(e): Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Digitale ISSN: 1522-1539
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 18
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    Yap Localization during Mechanosensing Requires Filamentous Actin [Cell Biology] (2016)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-19
    Beschreibung: Cell-cell contact inhibition and the mechanical environment of cells have both been shown to regulate YAP nuclear localization to modulate cell proliferation. Changes in cellular contractility by genetic, pharmacological, and matrix stiffness perturbations regulate YAP nuclear localization. However, because contractility and F-actin organization are interconnected cytoskeletal properties, it remains unclear which of these distinctly regulates YAP localization. Here we show that in the absence of cell-cell contact, actomyosin contractility suppresses YAP phosphorylation at Ser112, however, neither loss of contractility nor increase in YAP phosphorylation is sufficient for its nuclear exclusion. We find that actin cytoskeletal integrity is essential for YAP nuclear localization, and can override phosphoregulation or contractility-mediated regulation of YAP nuclear localization. This actin-mediated regulation is conserved during mechanotransduction, as substrate compliance increased YAP phosphorylation and reduced cytoskeletal integrity leading to nuclear exclusion of both YAP and Ser(P)112-YAP. These data provide evidence for two actin-mediated pathways for YAP regulation; one in which actomyosin contractility regulates YAP phosphorylation, and a second that involves cytoskeletal integrity-mediated regulation of YAP nuclear localization independent of contractility. We suggest that in non-contact inhibited cells, this latter mechanism may be important in low stiffness regimes, such as may be encountered in physiological environments.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Digitale ISSN: 1083-351X
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Publiziert von The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 19
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    Ge-on-Si PIN-photodetectors with Al nanoantennas: The effect of nanoantenna size on light scattering into waveguide modes (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-20
    Beschreibung: Metallic nanoantennas can be used to enhance the efficiency of optical device operation by re-distributing electromagnetic energy. Here, we investigate the effect of a random distribution of disc-shaped Al nanoantennas of different diameters deposited on Ge-on-Si PIN-photodetectors on the wavelength-dependent responsivity. We compare our experimental results to simulations and find that the largest responsivity enhancement is obtained for wavelengths that correspond to energies at or below the bandgap energy of Ge. We argue that this is the result of antenna-mediated scattering of light into waveguide modes within the Ge-on-Si PIN-photodetectors, which is effectively influenced by nanoantenna size, and we discuss a possible application of the concept for integrated biosensing.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 20
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    Titin-Based Cardiac Myocyte Stiffening Contributes to Early Adaptive Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction [Molecular Medicine] (2016)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-10-14
    Beschreibung: Rationale: Myocardial infarction (MI) increases the wall stress in the viable myocardium and initiates early adaptive remodeling in the left ventricle to maintain cardiac output. Later remodeling processes include fibrotic reorganization that eventually leads to cardiac failure. Understanding the mechanisms that support cardiac function in the early phase post MI and identifying the processes that initiate transition to maladaptive remodeling are of major clinical interest. Objective: To characterize MI-induced changes in titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffness and to elucidate the role of titin in ventricular remodeling of remote myocardium in the early phase after MI. Methods and Results: Titin properties were analyzed in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts after 20-minute ischemia/60-minute reperfusion (I/R), and mouse hearts that underwent ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 3 or 10 days. Cardiac myocyte passive tension was significantly increased 1 hour after ischemia/reperfusion and 3 and 10 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligature. The increased passive tension was caused by hypophosphorylation of the titin N2-B unique sequence and hyperphosphorylation of the PEVK (titin domain rich in proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine) region of titin. Blocking of interleukine-6 before left anterior descending coronary artery ligature restored titin-based myocyte tension after MI, suggesting that MI-induced titin stiffening is mediated by elevated levels of the cytokine interleukine-6. We further demonstrate that the early remodeling processes 3 days after MI involve accelerated titin turnover by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Conclusions: We conclude that titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffening acutely after MI is partly mediated by interleukine-6 and is an important mechanism of remote myocardium to adapt to the increased mechanical demands after myocardial injury.
    Schlagwort(e): Ischemia, Myocardial Biology, Myocardial Infarction, Remodeling
    Print ISSN: 0009-7330
    Digitale ISSN: 1524-4571
    Thema: Medizin
    Publiziert von American Heart Association (AHA)
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