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  • 1
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    Spatiotemporal mortality and demographic trends in a small cetacean: Strandings to inform conservation management (2020)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  Biological Conservation vol. 249 no. 108733
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: With global increases in anthropogenic pressures on wildlife populations comes a responsibility to manage them effectively. The assessment of marine ecosystem health is challenging and often relies on monitoring indicator species, such as cetaceans. Most cetaceans are however highly mobile and spend the majority of their time hidden from direct view, resulting in uncertainty on even the most basic population metrics. Here, we discuss the value of long-term and internationally combined stranding records as a valuable source of information on the demographic and mortality trends of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea. We analysed stranding records (n = 16,181) from 1990 to 2017 and demonstrate a strong heterogeneous seasonal pattern of strandings throughout the North Sea, indicative of season-specific distribution or habitat use, and season-specific mortality. The annual incidence of strandings has increased since 1990, with a notable steeper rise particularly in the southern North Sea since 2005. A high density of neonatal strandings occurred specifically in the eastern North Sea, indicative of areas important for calving, and large numbers of juvenile males stranded in the southern parts, indicative of a population sink or reflecting higher male dispersion. These findings highlight the power of stranding records to detect potentially vulnerable population groups in time and space. This knowledge is vital for managers and can guide, for example, conservation measures such as the establishment of time-areaspecific limits to potentially harmful human activities, aiming to reduce the number and intensity of humanwildlife conflicts.
    Keywords: Surveillance programme ; Wildlife monitoring ; Marine mammal ; Mortality ; North Sea ; Harbour porpoise ; Phocoena phocoena
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Critical seasonal conditions in the reindeer-herding year: A synopsis of factors and events in Fennoscandia and northwestern Russia (2023)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Polar Science, Elsevier BV, 39, pp. 101016-101016, ISSN: 1873-9652
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: In this article, we identify what herders in Fennoscandia and northwestern Russia see as critical conditions and events in the annual reindeer herding cycle. Indigenous Sámi and Yamal reindeer herders identify eight seasons, each of which has crucial importance in its own way. Differences in perception between Fennoscandian and northwestern Russian reindeer herders about good and bad seasonal conditions are based on the degree of climatic and geographic variation, herd control and the variety of simultaneous pressures on pastures. The scope and speed of ongoing climate change in the Arctic will profoundly modify these conditions, and consequently shape critical events and outcomes in reindeer herding. The resulting challenges need to be assessed in the context of social and economic dynamics. Reindeer herders throughout Fennoscandia and Russia are concerned about future prospects of their livelihood. To adapt to climate change and develop new strategies, reindeer herders must have access to pastures; they must retain their mobility and flexibility; and their participation in land-use decisions must be endorsed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    A systematic study of zooplankton-based indices of marine ecological change and water quality: Application to the European marine strategy framework Directive (MSFD) (2022)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Indicators, Elsevier BV, 135, pp. 108587-108587, ISSN: 1470-160X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Marine zooplankton are central components of holistic ecosystem assessments due to their intermediary role in the food chain, linking the base of the food chain with higher trophic levels. As a result, these organisms incorporate the inherent properties and changes occurring atall levels of the marine ecosystem, temporally integrating signatures of physical and chemical conditions. For this reason, zooplankton-based biometrics are widely accepted as useful tools for assessing and monitoring the ecological health and integrity of aquatic systems. The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU-MSFD) requires the use of different types of bio-monitors, including zooplankton, to monitor progress towards achieving specific environmental and water quality targets in EU. However, there is currently no comprehensive synthesis of zooplankton indices development, use, and associated challenges. We addressed this issue with a two-step approach. First, we formulated the indicator-metrics-indices cycle (IMIC) to redefine the closely related but often ambiguously utilized terms - indicator, metric and index, highlighting the convergence between them and the iterative nature of their interaction. Secondly, we formulated frameworks for synthesizing, presenting and systematically applying zooplankton indices based on the IMIC framework. The main benefits of the IMIC are twofold: 1). to disambiguate the key elements: indicators, metrics, and indices, revealing their links to an operational ecological indicator system, and 2) to serve as an organizing tool for the coherent classification of indices according to the MSFD descriptors. Using the IMIC framework, we identified and described two broad categories of indices namely the core biodiversity indices already in use in the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic regions, including the ‘Zooplankton Mean Size and Total Stock (zooplankton MSTS)’ and 'Plankton Lifeforms index (PLI)', and stressor-response indices retrieved from the existing literature, elucidating their applicability to different MSFD descriptors. Finally, major challenges of developing new indices and applying existing ones in the context of the MSFD were critically addressed and some solutions were proposed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Co-occurrence of pectenotoxins and Dinophysis miles in an Indonesian semi-enclosed bay (2022)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier BV, 185(Pt B), pp. 114340-114340, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: The study aims to unravel the variability of Dinophysis spp. and their alleged toxins in conjunction with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay. Phytoplankton samples, lipophilic toxins and physiochemical water properties were analysed during a 1.5-year period. Three Dinophysis species (D. miles, D. caudata, and D. acuminata) were found in plankton samples, of which D. miles was the most abundant and persistently occurring species. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and its secoacid (PTX2sa) were detected throughout, and PTX2sa levels strongly correlated with D. miles cell abundance. The toxin showed a positive correlation with temperature, which may suggest that D. miles cells contain rather constant PTX2sa during warmer months. Dissolved nitrate concentrations were found to play a major role in regulating cell abundances and toxin levels. This study adds adequate information regarding marine biotoxins and potentially toxic species for future Harmful Algal Bloom management in Ambon and Indonesia at large.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    High resolution mapping shows differences in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in areas of varying landscape history in Canadian lowland tundra (2023)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Geoderma, Elsevier BV, 438, pp. 116652-116652, ISSN: 0016-7061
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-18
    Description: Soil organic carbon (SOC) in Arctic coastal polygonal tundra is vulnerable to climate change, especially in soils with occurrence of large amounts of ground ice. Pan-arctic studies of mapping SOC exist, yet they fail to describe the high spatial variability of SOC storage in permafrost landscapes. An important factor is the landscape history which determines landform development and consequently the spatial variability of SOC. Our aim was to map SOC stocks, and which environmental variables that determine SOC, in two adjacent coastal areas along Canadian Beaufort Sea coast with different glacial history. We used the machine learning technique random forest and environmental variables to map the spatial distribution of SOC stocks down to 1 m depth at a spatial resolution of 2 m for depth increments of 0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60 and 60–100 cm. The results show that the two study areas had large differences in SOC stocks in the depth 60–100 cm due to high amounts of ground ice in one of the study areas. There are also differences in variable importance of the explanatory variables between the two areas. The area low in ground ice content had with 66.6 kg C/m−2 more stored SOC than the area rich in ground ice content with 40.0 kg C/m−2. However, this SOC stock could be potentially more vulnerable to climate change if ground ice melts and the ground subsides. The average N stock of the area low in ground ice is 3.77 kg m−2 and of the area rich in ground ice is 3.83 kg m−2. These findings support that there is a strong correlation between ground ice and SOC, with less SOC in ice-rich layers on a small scale. In addition to small scale studies of SOC mapping, detailed maps of ground ice content and distribution are needed for a validation of large-scale quantifications of SOC stocks and transferability of models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Cryptic speciation of benthic Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) species and their potential as ecological indicators (2022)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, Elsevier BV, 190, pp. 102304-102304, ISSN: 1385-1101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: The response of marine ecosystems to rapid climate changes has been well recognized but not studied extensively. Benthic microalgae, in contrast to the phytoplankton that is able to be transported by currents, have limited dispersal ability and thus are a better ecological indicator to climate changes. Here we performed sampling in the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and South China Sea and established twenty-six strains of benthic Prorocentrum for detailed morphological and molecular examinations. Five Prorocentrum species, including P. concavum, P. fukuyoi, P. mexicanum, P. tsawwassenense, and P. cf. sculptile, were identified. Both P. concavum and P. fukuyoi displayed marked intraspecific divergences in large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene sequences, corresponding to their geographical origins. In contrast, P. mexicanum strains shared identical LSU sequence. Prorocentrum tsawwassenense and P. cf. sculptile are not suitable ecological indicators as they were rarely observed. Prorocentrum mexicanum is not recommended either as it is present across the region. In contrast, P. concavum and P. fukuyoi have advantages as ecological indicators for climate changes in the Western Pacific as they comprise several ribotypes with differentiated biogeography. Toxin analysis was also performed on all five species except P. fukuyoi by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, but okadaic acid was not detectable.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Strontium isotopes trace the dissolution and precipitation of mineral organic carbon interactions in thawing permafrost (2023)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Geoderma, Elsevier BV, 433, pp. 116456-, ISSN: 0016-7061
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-14
    Description: Interactions between minerals and organic carbon (OC) in soils are key to stabilize OC and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions upon permafrost thaw. However, changes in soil water pathways upon permafrost thaw are likely to affect the stability of mineral OC interactions by inducing their dissolution and precipitation. This study aims to assess and quantify how mineral OC interactions are affected by dissolution and precipitation in thawed relative to unthawed layers. We hypothesize that a change in the radiogenic strontium (Sr) isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) involved in mineral OC interactions upon changing water saturation conditions implies a destabilization of the mineral OC interaction. We quantified mineral OC interactions using selective extractions in soils facing gradual thaw (Eight Mile Lake, AK, USA) and in sediments with a thawing history of abrupt thaw (Duvanny Yar, Russia), and we measured the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the selective extracts targeting the Sr associated to mineral OC interactions. Firstly, for water saturated layers with a higher proportion of mineral OC interactions, we found a difference in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio relative to the surrounding layers, and this supports the preservation of a Sr “stable” pool in these mineral OC interactions. We estimated that a portion of these mineral OC interactions have remained undissociated since their formation (between 4% and 64% by Sr isotope mass balance). Secondly, we found no difference in 87Sr/86Sr ratio between layers accumulating Fe oxides at redox interfaces regularly affected by water table changes (or upon thermokarst processes) relative to surrounding layers. This supports the dominance of a Sr “labile” pool inherited from processes of dissolution and precipitation of the mineral OC interactions. Thirdly, our estimations based on a Sr isotope mass balance support that, as a consequence of permafrost thaw, a larger proportion of Sr from primary mineral weathering (〉80%) controls the Sr in mineral OC interactions in the saturated zone of deeply thawed soils relative to poorly thawed soils (∼50%). In conclusion, we found that the radiogenic Sr isotope method, applied for the first time in this context, is promising to trace dissolution-precipitation processes of mineral OC interaction in thawing permafrost.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Schoolchildren discover hotspots of floating plastic litter in rivers using a large-scale collaborative approach (2021)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3The Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, 789, pp. 147849-147849, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: Rivers are an important transport route of anthropogenic litter from inland sources toward the sea. A citizen science approach was used to evaluate the litter pollution of rivers in Germany: schoolchildren within the project “Plastic Pirates” observed Floating macrolitter at 282 sites and took meso-/microplastic samples (i.e. particles 1 mm - 25 mm) at over 164 sites across the entire 28 country during the years 2016 and 2017. Floating macrolitter quantities ranged from 0 to 8 items m-1 h-1 (average of 0.34 ± 0.89 litter items m-1 h-1) and floating macrolitter was sighted at 54% of sampling sites. The quantities of floating meso-/microplastics ranged from 0 to 220 particles h-1 (average of 6.86 ± 24.11 meso-/microplastics h-1). They were present at 57% of the sampling sites. Given that only particles 〉 1 mm were sampled and analyzed, the pollution of rivers in Germany by microplastics is likely a ubiquitous problem, regardless of the size of the river. We identified six plastic pollution hotspots where 60% of all meso-/microplastics collected in the present study were found. The composition of the particles at these hotspots indicates plastic producers and possibly the construction industry and wastewater treatment plants as point sources. An identification of litter hotspots would enable specific mitigation measures, adapted to the 38 respective source, and thereby prevent the release of large quantities of small plastic particles in rivers. The adopted large-scale citizen science approach was especially suitable to detect pollution hotspots by sampling a variety of rivers, large and small, and enabled a national overview of litter pollution in German rivers.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Numerical modeling of microplastic interaction with fine sediment under estuarine conditions (2023)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  EPIC3Water Research, Elsevier BV, 231, pp. 119564-119564, ISSN: 0043-1354
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-06
    Description: Microplastic (MP) pollution is an important challenge for human life which has consequently affected the natural system of other organisms. Mismanagement and also careless handling of plastics in daily life has led to an accelerating contamination of air, water and soil compartments with MP. Under estuarine conditions, interactions with suspended particulate matter (SPM) like fine sediment in the water column play an important role on the fate of MP. Further studies to better understand the corresponding transport and accumulation mechanisms are required. This paper aims at providing a new modeling approach improving the MP settling velocity formulation based on higher suspended fine sediment concentrations, as i.e. existent in estuarine turbidity zones (ETZ). The capability of the suggested approach is examined through the modeling of released MP transport in water and their interactions with fine sediment (cohesive sediment/fluid mud). The model results suggest higher concentrations of MP in ETZ, both in the water column as well as the bed sediment, which is also supported by measurements. The key process in the modeling approach is the integration of small MP particles into estuarine fine sediment aggregates. This is realized by means of a threshold sediment concentration, above which the effective MP settling velocity increasingly approaches that of the sediment aggregates. The model results are in good agreement with measured MP mass concentrations. Moreover, the model results also show that lighter small MP particles can easier escape the ETZ towards the open sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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