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  • 1
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    The FORCIS database: A global census of planktonic Foraminifera from ocean waters (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Planktonic Foraminifera are unique paleo-environmental indicators through their excellent fossil record in ocean sediments. Their distribution and diversity are affected by different environmental factors including anthropogenically forced ocean and climate change. Until now, historical changes in their distribution have not been fully assessed at the global scale. Here we present the FORCIS (Foraminifera Response to Climatic Stress) database on foraminiferal species diversity and distribution in the global ocean from 1910 until 2018 including published and unpublished data. The FORCIS database includes data collected using plankton tows, continuous plankton recorder, sediment traps and plankton pump, and contains similar to 22,000, similar to 157,000, similar to 9,000, similar to 400 subsamples, respectively (one single plankton aliquot collected within a depth range, time interval, size fraction range, at a single location) from each category. Our database provides a perspective of the distribution patterns of planktonic Foraminifera in the global ocean on large spatial (regional to basin scale, and at the vertical scale), and temporal (seasonal to interdecadal) scales over the past century.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Geoethics: The Missing Piece in the Separation of Responsibility Between Volcanologists and Decision-Makers (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In a volcanic crisis, authorized decision-makers must balance the social and economic costs of mitigating actions, such as evacuation, against the potential human losses if such actions are insufficient. In making their decisions, advice is needed from volcanologists on the eruption probability. Therefore, there should be a clear separation in the roles of volcanologists and decision-makers; the volcanologists should advise on the volcano hazard and alternative potential scenarios but refrain from involvement in making decisions. Currently, volcanologists are responsible for setting volcano alert levels. Given the small handful of distinct alert levels, there is inherent ambiguity and substantial uncertainty in the interpretation of individual levels. Furthermore, changing an alert level may automatically trigger actions by decision-makers. This would violate the principle of separation of responsibility and may result in unwelcome pressure being applied to volcanologists. Just as physicians can invoke medical ethics in resisting pressure to alter their advice, so volcanologists can invoke geoethics. Freedom to abide by their scientific beliefs is a basic tenet of geoethics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19-23
    Description: Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal)
    Description: 4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: volcano ; crisis ; evacuation ; geoethics ; responsibility ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    The faunal Ponto-Caspianization of central and western European waterways (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: As alien invasive species are a key driver of biodiversity loss, understanding patterns of rapidly changing global species compositions depends upon knowledge of invasive species population dynamics and trends at large scales. Within this context, the Ponto-Caspian region is among the most notable donor regions for aquatic invasive species in Europe. Using macroinvertebrate time series collected over 52 years (1968–2020) at 265 sites across 11 central and western European countries, we examined the occurrences, invasion rates, and abundances of freshwater Ponto-Caspian fauna. We examined whether: (i) successive Ponto-Caspian invasions follow a consistent pattern of composition pioneered by the same species, and (ii) Ponto-Caspian invasion accelerates subsequent invasion rates. In our dataset, Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates increased from two species in 1972 to 29 species in 2012. This trend was parallelled by a non-significant increasing trend in the abundances of Ponto-Caspian taxa. Trends in Ponto-Caspian invader richness increased significantly over time. We found a relatively uniform distribution of Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates across Europe without any relation to the distance to their native region. The Ponto-Caspian species that arrived first were often bivalves (46.5% of cases), particularly Dreissena polymorpha, followed secondarily by amphipods (83.8%; primarily Chelicorophium curvispinum and Dikerogammarus villosus). The time between consecutive invasions decreased significantly at our coarse regional scale, suggesting that previous alien establishments may facilitate invasions of subsequent taxa. Should alien species continue to translocate from the Ponto-Caspian region, our results suggest a high potential for their future invasion success highly connected central and western European waters. However, each species’ population may decline after an initial ‘boom’ phase or after the arrival of new invasive species, resulting in different alien species dominating over time.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Seasonal and diurnal patterns of littoral microhabitat use by fish in gravel pit lakes, with special reference to supplemented deadwood brush piles (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The habitat quality of the littoral zone is of key importance for almost all lentic fish species. In anthropogenically created gravel pit lakes, the littoral zone is often structurally homogenized with limited fish habitats. We supplemented deadwood brush piles in the littoral zone of eight gravel pit lakes and investigated the diurnal and seasonal use of this and other typical microhabitats by six dominant fish species. Shoreline habitats were sampled using point abundance electrofishing during day and night in all four seasons, and patterns of fish abundance were compared amongst unstructured littoral habitats, emerged macrophytes and brush piles. We caught a total of 14,458 specimens from 15 species in the gravel pit lakes. Complex shoreline structures were used by all fish species that we examined, especially during daytime, whilst the use of unstructured habitats was highest during night. The newly added brush piles constituted suitable microhabitats for selected fish species, perch (Perca fluviatilis), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and pike (Esox lucius), particularly during winter. Supplemented deadwood provides suitable fish habitat in gravel pit lakes and may to some degree compensate for the loss of submerged macrophytes in winter by offering refuge and foraging habitat for selected fish species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Stable isotope analysis in food web research: Systematic review and a vision for the future for the Baltic Sea macro-region (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Food web research provides essential insights into ecosystem functioning, but practical applications in ecosystem-based management are hampered by a current lack of knowledge synthesis. To address this gap, we provide the first systematic review of ecological studies applying stable isotope analysis, a pivotal method in food web research, in the heavily anthropogenically impacted Baltic Sea macro-region. We identified a thriving research field, with 164 publications advancing a broad range of fundamental and applied research topics, but also found structural shortcomings limiting ecosystem-level understanding. We argue that enhanced collaboration and integration, including the systematic submission of Baltic Sea primary datasets to stable isotope databases, would help to overcome many of the current shortcomings, unify the scattered knowledge base, and promote future food web research and science-based resource management. The effort undertaken here demonstrates the value of macro-regional synthesis, in enhancing access to existing data and supporting strategic planning of research agendas.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Ocean Governance - Knowledge Systems, Policy Foundations and Thematic Analyses (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: This Open Access book on Ocean Governance examines sustainability challenges facing our oceans today. The book is organized into three sections: knowledge systems, policy foundations and thematic analyses. The knowledge produced in the book was catalyzed by the scientific outcomes within the European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) network “Ocean Governance for Sustainability – Challenges, Options and the Role of Science”. This network brings together scientists, policy-makers and civil society representatives from 28 nation states to cooperate on ocean governance research. This book offers a compilation of new research material including focused case studies, broad policy syntheses and reflective chapters on the history and current status of knowledge production systems on ocean governance. New research material is presented, although some chapters draw on secondary sources. The book starts with synthetic review chapters from the editors, outlining past and present knowledge systems, addressing how and why ocean governance for sustainability is where it currently stands with critical reflections on existing narratives, path dependencies and colonialist histories. This is followed by chapters addressing, synthesizing and analyzing different legal and policy frameworks for ocean governance both regionally and internationally. At the core of the book are the thematic analyses, which provide focused case studies with detailed contextual information in support of different ocean governance challenges and sustainability pathways around the world. The book concludes with a chapter explicitly targeting students, researchers and policy-makers with key take-away messages compiled by the editors.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book
  • 7
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    Rhythm of relationships in a social fish over the course of a full year in the wild (2023)
    BioMed Central | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Background: Animals are expected to adjust their social behaviour to cope with challenges in their environment. Therefore, for fish populations in temperate regions with seasonal and daily environmental oscillations, characteristic rhythms of social relationships should be pronounced. To date, most research concerning fish social networks and biorhythms has occurred in artificial laboratory environments or over confined temporal scales of days to weeks. Little is known about the social networks of wild, freely roaming fish, including how seasonal and diurnal rhythms modulate social networks over the course of a full year. The advent of high-resolution acoustic telemetry enables us to quantify detailed social interactions in the wild over time-scales sufficient to examine seasonal rhythms at whole-ecosystems scales. Our objective was to explore the rhythms of social interactions in a social fish population at various time-scales over one full year in the wild by examining high-resolution snapshots of a dynamic social network. Methods: To that end, we tracked the behaviour of 36 adult common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a 25 ha lake and constructed temporal social networks among individuals across various time-scales, where social interactions were defined by proximity. We compared the network structure to a temporally shuffled null model to examine the importance of social attraction, and checked for persistent characteristic groups over time. Results: The clustering within the carp social network tended to be more pronounced during daytime than nighttime throughout the year. Social attraction, particularly during daytime, was a key driver for interactions. Shoaling behavior substantially increased during daytime in the wintertime, whereas in summer carp interacted less frequently, but the interaction duration increased. Therefore, smaller, characteristic groups were more common in the summer months and during nighttime, where the social memory of carp lasted up to two weeks. Conclusions: We conclude that social relationships of carp change diurnally and seasonally. These patterns were likely driven by predator avoidance, seasonal shifts in lake temperature, visibility, forage availability and the presence of anoxic zones. The techniques we employed can be applied generally to high-resolution biotelemetry data to reveal social structures across other fish species at ecologically realistic scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Caught on camera: Widespread direct evidence of illegal discards in coastal waters of the Western Baltic Sea (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Most fish stocks in the European Union (EU) are still being overfished. One recent measure of the EU common fisheries policy to curb overfishing is the introduction of landing obligations that are meant to reduce discards, but the success of landing obligations is controversial, as discards still take place. In the German Western Baltic Sea , discards are currently estimated using ship observer data, but vessels 〈12 m are not sufficiently controlled. We here use an independent method and document widespread discard of undersized cod and flatfish in late summer 2018 using video transects. Discards along the coastline of the south-western Baltic Sea amount to an extrapolated 14.0 t of cod and 1.0 t of flatfish decomposing on the sea floor in 1-13 m depth in a subarea of Mecklenburg Bight that covers only 2.3% of ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ) subdivisions 22-24, the habitat of Western Baltic cod. Compared to a similar video-mapping seven years earlier (in 2011), the amount of discard increased markedly, suggesting that the implementation of landing obligations in the time between the two mappings for under-sized catches has not resulted in a decrease but an increase of discards. We suggest that higher observed discards of cod in 2018 are also due to a high percentage of cod coming from the 2016-cohort of the Western Baltic cod stock which are just undersized but nevertheless caught by most passive net gear. Our data complement estimates based on ship observer data, while providing the first direct evidence of the fate of discards in the benthic marine habitat.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Analysis-ready optical underwater images of Manganese-nodule covered seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: We provide a sequence of analysis-ready optical underwater images from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the Pacific Ocean. The images were originally recorded using a towed camera sledge that photographed a seabed covered with polymetallic manganese-nodules, at an average water depth of 4,250 meters. The original degradation in visual quality and inconsistent scale among individual raw images due to different altitude implies that they are not scientifically comparable in their original form. Here, we present analysis-ready images that have already been pre-processed to account for this degradation. We also provide accompanying metadata for each image, which includes their geographic coordinates, depth of the seafloor, absolute scale (cm/pixel), and seafloor habitat class obtained from a previous study. The provided images are thus directly usable by the marine scientific community e.g., to train machine learning models for seafloor substrate classification and megafauna detection.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Jellyfish blooms challenge the provisioning of ecosystem services in the Korean coastal waters (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Temperate fisheries grounds are exposed to compound effects of jellyfish proliferations and fishing pressure, which affect local fisheries, cause economic losses, and threaten seafood supply. Here, we quantify the interlink between climate variability and jellyfish blooms and their impact on the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), in the Korean coastal waters. We used a bioclimate dataset (2010–2019) that includes quantitative information of two major bloom-former species, Aurelia coerulea and Nemopilema nomurai, in the Korean Peninsula. We show that climate phenomena governing East Asia regions explain circa half of jellyfish variability. In turn, jellyfish blooms have a significant negative effect on anchovy interannual changes (r = -0.47, P 〈 0.01), which varies along with the bloom magnitude. Our results indicate that the intensity of jellyfish blooms, more than their duration, has a predominant effect on anchovy and coastal fisheries production. We also suggest the possibility of using climate signals for assessing and eventually predicting, interannual abundance changes of jellyfish in the Korean Peninsula. These results stress the challenge posed by jellyfish blooms to the provisioning of ecosystem services via their influence on marine harvested fish and further highlight the need for their integration into ecosystem-based management.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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