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  • 1
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    Gabriel T. Csanady : understanding the physics of the ocean (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Progress In Oceanography 70 (2006): 91-112, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.07.002.
    Description: Gabriel T. Csanady turned 80 in December 2005 and we celebrate it with this special Progress in Oceanography issue. It comprises 20 papers covering some of the many areas that Gabe contributed significantly throughout his professional career. In this introductory paper we briefly review Gabe’s career as an engineer, meteorologist and oceanographer, and highlight some of his major contributions to oceanography, both as a scientist as well as an educator. But we also use this opportunity to remember and thank Gabe, and his wife Joyce, for being such good friends and mentors to several generations of oceanographers. The authors of the collection of papers in this volume deserve special thanks for their efforts. We also are pleased to acknowledge the support of Progress in Oceanography’s editor, Detlef Quadfasel, and the many anonymous reviewers who generously contributed their time and expertise.
    Keywords: Csanady ; Oceanographer ; Biography ; Ocean circulation ; Turbulent diffusion ; Air-sea interaction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 819031 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Seasonal circulation over the Catalan inner-shelf (northwest Mediterranean Sea) (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (2013): 5844–5857, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20403.
    Description: This study characterizes the seasonal cycle of the Catalan inner-shelf circulation using observations and complementary numerical results. The relation between seasonal circulation and forcing mechanisms is explored through the depth-averaged momentum balance, for the period between May 2010 and April 2011, when velocity observations were partially available. The monthly-mean along-shelf flow is mainly controlled by the along-shelf pressure gradient and by surface and bottom stresses. During summer, fall, and winter, the along-shelf momentum balance is dominated by the barotropic pressure gradient and local winds. During spring, both wind stress and pressure gradient act in the same direction and are compensated by bottom stress. In the cross-shelf direction the dominant forces are in geostrophic balance, consistent with dynamic altimetry data.
    Description: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007/2013) under grant agreement 242284 (Field_ac project).
    Description: 2014-04-25
    Keywords: Momentum balance ; Catalan shelf ; Hydrodynamic modeling ; Seasonal variability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Eastern boundary currents off North-West Africa (2016)
    IOC-UNESCO | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Cape Verde Front (CVF) separates the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASG) from the north-eastern North Atlantic tropical gyre (NATG). Within the NASG, the Canary Current (CC) and the Canary Upwelling Current (CUC) comprise a relatively shallow (down to about 200-300 m) flow of North Atlantic Central Waters (NACW): the CC is found far offshore as a wide and poorly defined current while the CUC is a near-slope intense baroclinic jet linked to the coastal upwelling front. Within the top 300 m of the NATG, the along-slope Mauritania Current and the Cape Verde Current (CVC, a north-eastern extension of the North Equatorial Counter Current that broadly rotates around the Guinea Dome) carry South Atlantic Central Waters northwards. As a result, the frontal system is the site of intense along-slope flow convergence and offshore transport in the top 300 m of the water column. Further deep, down to some 500 m, the interior flow is very weak in both gyres, likely dominated by mesoscale features, except along the continental slope, where the northward Poleward Undercurrent (PUC) feeds through localized inputs from the interior ocean; in particular, within the NATG the CVC appears as responsible for southward transfer of NACW, across the CVF, which eventually reaches the PUC.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Eastern boundary currents ; Cape Verde Front ; Canary Upwelling Current ; Poleward Undercurrent ; Guinea Dome ; CCLME
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Refereed
    Format: pp. 81-92
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  • 4
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    Inorganic nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (2016)
    IOC-UNESCO | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Inorganic nutrients increase with depth as a result of the enhanced remineralization of organic matter with aging waters (the time since they were last near the sea surface), and the opposite happens with dissolved oxygen (except within the saturated surface mixed layer). In the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem there is also a marked latitudinal gradient, with the Cape Verde Front separating relatively nutrient-poor and oxygen-rich subtropical waters from the nutrient-rich and oxygen-poor tropical waters. Along a latitudinal band off North-West Africa, coastal upwelling brings the subsurface waters towards the sea surface, locally raising the inorganic nutrient levels. This becomes an important lateral source to both gyres, especially to the nutrient-poor subtropical one, taking place through lateral mixing (mainly as a result of the instability of the coastal-upwelling baroclinic jet) and localized coastal filaments (in those regions, typically capes, where the coastal flow converges and offshore advection takes place). In the southernmost portion of our domain, within tropical waters, there is also high (wind-induced) offshore primary production. This, together with the slow ventilation of the subsurface waters, leads to much enhanced remineralization, producing a region with very low oxygen and high inorganic nutrient levels, the oxygen minimum zone of the North Atlantic Ocean.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cape Verde Front ; Inorganic nutrient supply ; Biogeochemical processes ; Spatial distributions ; Oxygen minimum zone ; CCLME
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Refereed
    Format: pp. 133-142
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  • 5
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    Coastal upwelling off North-West Africa (2016)
    IOC-UNESCO | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: North of Cape Blanc, the north-easterly winds cause offshore flow of surface waters that are replaced by subsurface inflow of relatively cold and nutrient-rich waters, driving the vertical cell of coastal upwelling. This vertical circulation, together with surface heating and horizontal mixing, causes the coastal upwelling front (typically about 200 m deep) that separates cold onshore from warm offshore waters. A southward baroclinic coastal jet is associated to this front, which causes vertical shear and mixing that contribute to the intensity of the vertical cell. Very importantly, this jet feeds from upstream waters, resulting in an along-slope coherent flow, or the horizontal cell of coastal upwelling – this is the Canary Upwelling Current (CUC) that connects all surface coastal African waters north of Cape Blanc. Further south, because of the northward offshore flow and the seasonality of the winds, the connection remains only during winter and spring, very close to shelf break and in the top 100 m. North of Cape Blanc, a Poleward Undercurrent (PUC) flows in the relatively homogenous upwelled waters that found over the continental slope. South of Cape Blanc the PUC appears as a nearshore expression of the Mauritania Current. Both the southward CUC and the northward PUC constitute the true skeleton of the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Coastal upwelling ; Recirculation cells ; Canary Upwelling Current ; Poleward Undercurrent ; CCLME ; ASFA15::E::Ekman transport
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Refereed
    Format: pp. 93-103
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  • 6
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    Patrones de circulación superficial sobre la plataforma interna entre bahía El Uno y Punta de Las Vacas, Golfo de Urabá, Caribe colombiano (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-20
    Description: Conocer los patrones de circulación costera es fundamental para gestionar adecuadamente la franja litoral, especialmente en áreas con alta presión antrópica. Con el objetivo de determinar las características de las corrientes costeras en el golfo de Urabá, se midieron y analizaron los patrones estacionales de circulación superficial durante las épocas de mucha y poca lluvia a lo largo de 6 km de costa, entre las espigas litorales de punta de Las Vacas y punta Yarumal del municipio de Turbo, Antioquia. Estas mediciones se realizaron con derivadores superficiales, que fueron lanzados en diversos estadios de la marea y rastreados durante periodos cercanos al ciclo semidiurno. Las mediciones in situ se analizaron considerando la evolución de la marea y los vientos observados en una estación climática ubicada cerca del golfo. Los patrones de circulación mostraron un comportamiento diferente durante las dos estaciones del año. La temporada de mucha lluvia, con vientos del sur, presentó trayectorias hacia el norte y la temporada de poca lluvia, con vientos del norte, las trayectorias fueron hacia el sur. Aunque los patrones de circulación mostraron una fuerte relación con la marea y el viento, las trayectorias de algunos derivadores se modificaron localmente por la presencia de geoformas como las bahías de Turbo y El Uno.
    Description: Good knowledge of the coastal circulation patterns is essential for a proper management of the coastline, especially in areas with a high anthropic pressure. In order to determine the main characteristics of the coastal currents in the Gulf of Urabá, the seasonal patterns of surface circulation were measured and analyzed during times of high and low rainfall along 6 km of coastline, between the Punta de Las Vacas and Punta Yarumal coastal spit systems, in the municipality of Turbo, Antioquia. These measurements were made with surface drifters, which were launched at different tide stages and tracked for time periods based on the semi-diurnal cycle. The in-situmeasurements were analyzed alongside tide and wind data from a climatic station located near the gulf. The circulation patterns behaved differently depending on the season of the year. In the rainy season, with southerly winds, the drifters moved mainly towards the north while during the dry season, with northerly winds, all the drifters moved to the south. Although the circulation patterns showed a strong relationship with the tidal cycle and wind conditions, the Turbo and El Uno Bays modified some of the drifter’s paths.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: tide ; circulación superficial ; viento ; marea ; derivadores ; corrientes costeras ; ASFA_2015::S::Surfaces ; ASFA_2015::C::Circulation ; ASFA_2015::W::Wind ; ASFA_2015::D::Drifters ; ASFA_2015::C::Coastal currents
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp. 9-30
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  • 7
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    Temporal evolution of the momentum balance terms and frictional adjustment observed over the inner shelf during a storm (2016)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ocean Science 12 (2016): 137-151, doi:10.5194/os-12-137-2016.
    Description: We investigate the rapidly changing equilibrium between the momentum sources and sinks during the passage of a single two-peak storm over the Catalan inner shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea). Velocity measurements at 24 m water depth are taken as representative of the inner shelf, and the cross-shelf variability is explored with measurements at 50 m water depth. During both wind pulses, the flow accelerated at 24 m until shortly after the wind maxima, when the bottom stress was able to compensate for the wind stress. Concurrently, the sea level also responded, with the pressure-gradient force opposing the wind stress. Before, during and after the second wind pulse, there were velocity fluctuations with both super- and sub-inertial periods likely associated with transient coastal waves. Throughout the storm, the Coriolis force and wave radiation stresses were relatively unimportant in the along-shelf momentum balance. The frictional adjustment timescale was around 10 h, consistent with the e-folding time obtained from bottom drag parameterizations. The momentum evolution at 50 m showed a larger influence of the Coriolis force at the expense of a decreased frictional relevance, typical in the transition from the inner to the mid-shelf.
    Description: This work was supported by DARDO (ENE2012-38772-C02-02), Rises-AM (GA603396), Plan-Wave (CTM2013-45141-R) and ICoast project (Echo/SUB/2013/661009).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    Inter-decadal changes in stratification and double diffusion in a transatlantic section along 7.5°N (2012)
    Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-12
    Description: We use three transatlantic cruises (1957, 1993 and 2010) along 7.5°N to analyse inter-decadal variations of the neutral buoyancy frequency (with neutral density replacing potential density) and Turner angle. We also use Argo data from the 2003-2011 period to show that, within central and intermediate waters, the changes between the three sections are slightly greater than the seasonal and inter-annual variations, so they may be interpreted as actual inter-decadal variations. The results point to a generalized sinking of isoneutrals between 1957 and 2010, with maximum zonally-averaged values of about 100 m in the central and upper deep layers. They also reveal the occurrence of substantial changes in the intermediate and neighbouring water strata, with differential vertical sinking of isoneutrals and the transformation of their thermohaline characteristics. The neutral buoyancy frequency increased in the lower central and upper intermediate layers and decreased in the lower intermediate and upper deep layers. The distributions of Turner angle highlight a predominance of salt-fingering in the North Atlantic, except for a gravitationally doubly-stable layer located immediately below the intermediate water core; this stable layer thinned substantially between 1957 and 2010 because of the sinking of the lower intermediate isoneutrals acting together with actual water transformations from Antarctic Intermediate Waters into North Atlantic Deep Waters. We conclude that a significant portion of the water column underwent both increased vertical stratification and enhanced salt-fingering, two mechanisms with opposite effects on the effective vertical diffusion.
    Print ISSN: 0214-8358
    Electronic ISSN: 1886-8134
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
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  • 9
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    Crucial times for Spanish physical oceanography (2012)
    Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-12
    Description: The field of physical oceanography has undergone exponential growth in Spain during the last few decades. From a handful of self-taught researchers in the late 1960s there are now several hundred physical oceanographers distributed in some 20 Spanish institutions, and many more working overseas. The First Spanish Physical Oceanography Meeting (EOF1), held in Barcelona in October 2010, was a good example of the high quality and large variety of this research. The facilities and human resources are excellent but the alarming decrease in public investment in science due to the economic crisis must lead the Spanish physical oceanography community to define its current priorities. In this introductory paper to EOF1 we revise our history and where we are now, and suggest that progress in the near future will rely on our intelligence to sustain and enhance human capital, partnership and society-oriented research.
    Print ISSN: 0214-8358
    Electronic ISSN: 1886-8134
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
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  • 10
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    The continental slope current system between Cape Verde and the Canary Islands (2012)
    Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-12
    Description: We use hydrographic, velocity and drifter data from a cruise carried out in November 2008 to describe the continental slope current system in the upper thermocline (down to 600 m) between Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. The major feature in the region is the Cape Verde Frontal Zone (CVFZ), separating waters from tropical (southern) and subtropical (northern) origin. The CVFZ is found to intersect the slope north of Cape Blanc, between 22°N and 23°N, but we find that southern waters are predominant over the slope as far north as 24°N. South of Cape Blanc (21.25°N) the Poleward Undercurrent (PUC) is a prominent northward jet (50 km wide), reaching down to 300 m and indistinguishable from the surface Mauritanian Current. North of Cape Blanc the upwelling front is found far offshore, opening a near-slope northward path to the PUC. Nevertheless, the northward PUC transport decreases from 2.8 Sv at 18°N to 1.7 Sv at 24°N, with about 1 Sv recirculating ofshore just south of Cape Blanc, in agreement with the trajectory of subsurface drifters. South of the CVFZ there is an abrupt thermohaline transition at σ ϴ =26.85 kg m –3 , which indicates the lower limit of the relatively pure (low salt and high oxygen content) South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) variety that coexists with the dominant locally-diluted (salinity increases through mixing with North Atlantic Central Water but oxygen diminishes because of enhanced remineralization) Cape Verde (SACWcv) variety. At 16°N about 70% of the PUC transport corresponds to the SACW variety but but this is transformed into 40% SACWcv at 24°N. However, between Cape Verde and Cape Blanc and in the 26.85 〈 σ ϴ 〈 27.1 layer, we measure up to 0.8 Sv of SACWcv being transported south. The results strongly endorse the idea that the slope current system plays a major role in tropical-subtropical water-mass exchange.
    Print ISSN: 0214-8358
    Electronic ISSN: 1886-8134
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona, CSIC
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