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  • 1
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    QUICKBIRD PANCHROMATIC IMAGES FOR MAPPING DAMAGES AT BUILDING SCALE CAUSED BY THE 2003 BAM EARTHQUAKE (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Remote sensing sensors for detecting urban damage and other surface changes due to earthquakes is gaining increasing interest. To this aim optical images can represent useful tools for this application thanks their very high ground geometric resolution, especially when more frequent revisit times will be feasible with the implementation of new missions and future possible constellations of satellites. Sub-meter resolution images at visible frequencies are able to provide information at the scale of a single building. This kind of information is extremely important if provided with sufficient timeliness to rescue teams. In this work, the earthquake that hit the ancient city of Bam, Iran, on December 26th, 2003 has been investigated. The urban area was very close to the epicenter of the seism which caused strong damage to the urban structures. Pre- and post-earthquake Quickbird panchromatic images have been used to show the capability of this data to map damage at building scale by means of segmentation approach based on the application of morphological operators. A validation process has been performed by comparing the map of damage levels at single building scale with a detailed ground-based damage map provided by in situ survey.
    Description: Published
    Description: Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: very high hesolution ; classification ; damage detection ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    AUTOMATIC DAMAGE DETECTION USING PULSE-COUPLED NEURAL NETWORKS FOR THE 2009 ITALIAN EARTHQUAKE (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we investigate the performance of pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) to detect the damage caused by an earthquake. PCNN is an unsupervised model in the sense that it does not need to be trained, which makes it an operational tool during crisis events when it is crucial to produce damage maps as soon as the post-event images are available. The damage map resulting from PCNN was validated at a block scale of 120x120m using ground truth obtained by a combination of ground survey and visual inspection of the before- and after-event images. The comparison showed agreement between the change measured by PCNN on block scale and the damage occurred.
    Description: Published
    Description: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: neural networks ; damage detection
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COOL AND FRESHWATER SKIN OF THE OCEAN DURING RAINFALL (1997)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 82 (1997), S. 439-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; cool skin ; freshwater skin ; rainfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rainfall over the sea modifies the molecular boundary layers of the upper ocean through a variety of different effects. These cover the freshwater flux stabilizing the near-surface layer, additional heat flux established due to rain versus surface temperature differences, modification of physical parameters by temperature and salinity changes, enhancement of the surface roughness, damping of short gravity waves, surface mixing by rain, and transfer of additional momentum from air to sea. They are separately described and included in our surface renewal model to investigate the rain's influence on the cool skin of the ocean and the creation of a haline molecular diffusion layer. Simulations with the upgraded model show that the most important effect on the conductive layer is that of reduced renewal periods followed by additional surface cooling due to rain on the order of 0.1 K. At rain rates below 50 mm h-1 rainfall is not able to completely destroy the mean temperature difference across the cool skin. A freshwater skin is created that exhibits a salinity difference exceeding 4‰ under strong rainfall. Comparisons with field data of the cool skin taken during the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment confirm the upgraded renewal model. Surface salinity measurements taken during the same field campaign are consistent with the calculated salinity differences across the freshwater skin. The enhancement of surface roughness by natural rain is less pronounced than described in earlier laboratory studies of rain with large drop sizes only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000225700380
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in Atlantic equatorial current variability (1987)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 40 (1987), S. 261-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden zweimonatliche Bathythermographenschnitte zwischen Europa und Brasilien vom September 1980 bis Mai 1984 vorgestellt. Die Daten werden zur Darstellung eines mehrjährigen Trends im oberflächennahen äquatorialen Stromsystem verwandt, welches senkrecht zu den Schnitten liegt. Unter Ausnutzung einer mittleren Temperatur-Salzgehaltsbeziehung werden die Temperaturprofile in Dichteprofile überführt. Aus diesen wird die dynamische Tiefe (0/300 dbar) errechnet. In Äquatornähe wird eine rechnerische Näherung für die geostrophischen Ströme verwandt. Ferner wird ein Spline-Interpolationsverfahren für die raumzeitliche Herleitung der quasi-meridionalen Strömungsverteilung genutzt. Das äquatoriale Stromsystem wird als eine Zeitserie der dynamischen Tiefe und der geostrophischen Ströme dargestellt.
    Abstract: Résumé Des coupes thermiques au moyen de Bathythermographes à tête perdue (XBT) entre l'Europe et le Brésil environ deux fois par mois de septembre 1980 à mai 1984 sont utilisées pour caracteriser des tendances dans les courants géostrophiques équatoriaux perpendiculaires à ces coupes. Les profils de température dans les couches superficielles sont convertis en profils de densité au moyen de relations temperature-salinité moyennes, et permettent de calculer la hauteur dynamique 0/300 db. Après interpolation (spline) dans le temps et l'espace, on obtient une série spatio-temporelle, présentée sous la forme de cartes trimestrielles de hauteurs dynamiques et de courants géostrophiques.
    Notes: Summary Approximately twice-monthly expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections between Europe and Brazil, are used to characterize trends in the equatorial geostrophic surface currents orthogonal to the sections between September, 1980 and May, 1984. Using mean temperature-salinity relationships the upper layer temperature profiles are converted to density and used to compute 0/300 db dynamic height. Applying a second derivative method, at and near the equator, geostrophic surface currents are computed along each quasimeridional XBT section and time/space series of the equatorial currents are developed using spline interpolations in both time and space. Equatorial currents are mapped as time series of dynamic height and geostrophic current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226280
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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