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  • Eulophidae  (2)
  • chemotaxonomy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for analysis of insect cuticular hydrocarbons (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3263-3276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cuticular hydrocarbons ; insect cuticle ; chemotaxonomy ; gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular hydrocarbons from tiny pieces of insect cuticle can be analyzed directly by gas chromatography without solvent. The cuticle, sealed in a glass capillary, is introduced into the heated injector area of a gas Chromatograph, and the glass capillary crushed after heating for 4 min. Linked gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can be performed on selected parts of individual insects, such as an antenna, leg, or abdominal sclerite, to give qualitative and quantitative analysis of the substances on a small area of the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982097
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of plant volatiles in the search for a host by parasitoidDiglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 541-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasites ; volatile signals ; synomone ; host detection ; Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; Diglyphus isaea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diglyphus isaea Walker is a larval ectoparasitoid used in biological pest control against the American serpentine leaf minerLiriomyza trifolii Burgess. We studied the parasitoid's host searching behavior, using olfactometric methods. Our data show that the parasitoids locate host larvae (a leafmining dipteran) on the basis of volatile signals released by the plant-host complex. FemaleD. isaea are strongly attracted to the odors arising from damaged bean plants, whereas they show practically no response to intact plants. The results of our chemical analyses showed that about 15 components were present, two of which,cis-3-hexen-1-ol and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, were present in significantly larger quantities in the leaf extracts from mined or damaged bean plants than in those from healthy plants. The damage inflicted by the host larvae on these plants triggers the release of larger amounts of these substances, which probably lead the parasites to their hosts. The compounds thus act as synomones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033654
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons and defensive compounds ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andR. santonensis (feytaud): Polymorphism and chemotaxonomy (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3213-3244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polymorphism ; chemotaxonomy ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; Reticulitermes santonensis ; Isoptera ; termites ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; defensive compounds ; terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Colonies ofReticulitermes flavipes andR. santonensis were collected from the southeastern United States (Georgia) and the southwest of France (Charente-maritime). Defensive compounds and cuticular hydrocarbons were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantified by gas chromatography using an internal standard for each caste and all colonies. These analyses show that although the cuticular hydrocarbons ofR. santonensis in Europe andR. flavipes in Georgia are identical, their relative proportions are different. However, the defensive compounds synthesized by their soldiers are different. A strong chemical polymorphism between sympatric colonies ofR. flavipes in the SW United States was detected in terms of both the hydrocarbons of the workers and soldiers and in the defensive secretions of the soldiers. The six defensive secretion phenotypes are based on the presence or absence of terpenes whereas the cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes are based on significant differences in the proportions of the various components. A multivariate analysis (analysis of principal components) clearly permitted discrimination of four phenotypes (three inR. flavipes and one inR. santonensis) without intermediates. The hydrocarbons responsible for these variations were identified, and it was shown that the variations are neither seasonal nor geographic. The phenotypes of the cuticular hydrocarbons (workers and soldiers) and defensive compounds are linked in each colony, forming in three groups inR. flavipes Georgia, one subdivided into four subgroups according to the defensive secretion phenotypes. The role of these polymorphisms is discussed and ethological tests indicate that the chemical polymorphism do not determine aggressive behavior. The taxonomic significance of these results is considered and two hypothesis are formulated: (1) We only detected a strong genetic polymorphism in one unique species, and we believe thatR. santonensis was introduced into Europe in the last century from oneR. flavipes colony. (2) Chemical variability characterizes the sibling species that can be grouped into the same subspeciesR. flavipes. Unknown mechanisms of reproductive isolation separate them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982094
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex recognition inDiglyphus isaea walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Role of an uncommon family of behaviorally active compounds (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 2063-2079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; Diglyphus isaea ; courtship behavior ; contact pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sexual behavior of the ectoparasitoidDiglyphus isaea is described. Recognition of the female by the male occurs at close range. Males initiate courtship behavior in the presence of a living female regardless of age, as well as in the presence of a female killed by freezing. Courtship behavior is not observed in the presence of a dead female washed with organic solvents but could be elicited using a lure covered with a female organic extract. These findings demonstrate that each sex develops a specific chemical signature that can be dissolved in hexane and transferred to a lure. Analysis of organic extracts by gas chromatography revealed chemical dimorphism between the two sexes. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed that the main components in females were esters of medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain 11-alcohols. There were few hydrocarbons. Female esters, which were present in only small proportions in males, were recovered in the nonhydrocarbon fraction obtained after fractionation of the total extract on a silica-filled microcolumn as a mixture containing 11-heneicosyl, 11-docosyl, 11-tricosyl, 11-tetracosyl, and 11-pentacosyl octanoate, and 11-docosyl, 11-tricosyl, 11-tetracosyl, and 11-pentacosyl decanoate. These results demonstrate that there is a specific gender-related chemical signature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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