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  • 1
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    Strong CO2 emissions from the Arabian Sea during South-West Monsoon (1997)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 24 . pp. 1763-1766.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-13
    Description: The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured during the 1995 South-West Monsoon in the Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea was characterized throughout by a moderate supersaturation of 12–30 µatm. The stable atmospheric pCO2 level was around 345 µatm. An extreme supersaturation was found in areas of coastal upwelling off the Omani coast with pCO2 peak values in surface waters of 750 µatm. Such two-fold saturation (218%) is rarely found elsewhere in open ocean environments. We also encountered cold upwelled water 300 nm off the Omani coast in the region of Ekman pumping, which was also characterized by a strongly elevated seawater pCO2 of up to 525 µatm. Due to the strong monsoonal wind forcing the Arabian Sea as a whole and the areas of upwelling in particular represent a significant source of atmospheric CO2 with flux densities from around 2 mmol m−2 d−1 in the open ocean to 119 mmol m−2 d−1 in coastal upwelling. Local air masses passing the area of coastal upwelling showed increasing CO2 concentrations, which are consistent with such strong emissions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/97GL01775
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Evidence for dissolution of fatty acids in sediment traps: impact on flux estimates (1994)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99 (C2). pp. 3407-3415.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Description: The effect of dissolution from particulates into the supernatant solution in sediment trap sample cups has been measured for fatty acids. A mooring array with time series sediment traps was deployed in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (59°N, 21°W) for 14 months. Selected representative samples from the trap at 2200 m (poisoned with NaN3) were analyzed for total and free fatty acids in both the solution and particulate phase by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an ion trap detector. The flux contribution of the dissolved total fatty acids (∑ DTFA) was found to be between 15 and 75% of the total flux (∑ TTFA, sum of the fluxes of total fatty acids in both particles and supernatants). Dissolved free fatty acids (∑ DFFA) represented 25–88% of the total flux of free fatty acids (∑ TFFA). Absolute concentrations of total and free fatty acids in both compartments are discussed in terms of the processes controlling the distribution between the two phases, for example, readsorption. Sample handling, poisoning, bacterial activity, and swimmers may also affect fatty acid distribution. Flux data (sum of particulate and dissolved fluxes) are presented for individual fatty acids. Also, the degree of dissolution of individual fatty acids is shown for one sample (dissolved fraction ranging between 16 and 98% of total flux).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/93JC02784
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    On the penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the North Atlantic Ocean (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 103 (C9). pp. 18681-18689.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Description: The penetration of anthropogenic or “excess” CO2 into the North Atlantic Ocean was studied along WOCE‐WHP section A2 from 49°N/11°W to 43°N/49°W using hydrographic data obtained during the METEOR cruise 30–2 in October/November 1994. A backcalculation technique based on measurements of temperature, salinity, oxygen, alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon was applied to identify the excess CO2. Everywhere along the transect surface water contained almost its full component of anthropogenic CO2 ( ∼62 μmol kg−1). Furthermore, anthropogenic CO2 has penetrated through the entire water column in the western basin of the North Atlantic Ocean. Even in the deepest waters (5000 m) of the western basin a mean value of 10.4 μmol kg−1 excess CO2 was calculated. The maximum penetration depth of excess CO2 in the eastern basin of the North Atlantic Ocean was ∼3500 m with values falling below 5 μmol kg−1 in greater depths. These results compare well with distributions of carbontetrachloride. They are also in agreement with the current understanding of the role of the “global ocean conveyor belt” for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 into the deep ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC01737
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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