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  • 1
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    High Resolution PCB Analysis of Kanechlor, Phenoclor and Sovol Mixtures Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (1992)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 47 (3). pp. 201-215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Kanechlor-300, -400, -500 and -600, Phenoclor DP-3, -4, -5 and -6 and Sovol mixtures were analyzed for their chlorobiphenyl (CB) composition using high-resolution one-dimensional and multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection (MDGC-ECD) techniques. The congener patterns of tested Kanechlor and Phenoclor mixtures resembled Aroclor 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1260. However, differences in the percentage contribution of minor constituents were noticed among these mixtures, which could be due to variations in the boiling-point fractionation of these commercial products. CB pattern of Sovol was different from the rest of the mixtures tested. It showed a composition in between ca. 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% overall chlorine levels. MDGC-ECD study showed the presence of hitherto unnoticed non-CB compounds coeluting with CBs in some commercial PCBs. The use of these mixtures as quantitation standards should be considered with caution. CB patterns of Sovol and a water extract of the Gulf of Finland matched closely, indicating a point source contamination to these waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/03067319208027029
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Strong CO2 emissions from the Arabian Sea during South-West Monsoon (1997)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 24 . pp. 1763-1766.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-13
    Description: The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured during the 1995 South-West Monsoon in the Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea was characterized throughout by a moderate supersaturation of 12–30 µatm. The stable atmospheric pCO2 level was around 345 µatm. An extreme supersaturation was found in areas of coastal upwelling off the Omani coast with pCO2 peak values in surface waters of 750 µatm. Such two-fold saturation (218%) is rarely found elsewhere in open ocean environments. We also encountered cold upwelled water 300 nm off the Omani coast in the region of Ekman pumping, which was also characterized by a strongly elevated seawater pCO2 of up to 525 µatm. Due to the strong monsoonal wind forcing the Arabian Sea as a whole and the areas of upwelling in particular represent a significant source of atmospheric CO2 with flux densities from around 2 mmol m−2 d−1 in the open ocean to 119 mmol m−2 d−1 in coastal upwelling. Local air masses passing the area of coastal upwelling showed increasing CO2 concentrations, which are consistent with such strong emissions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/97GL01775
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Evidence for dissolution of fatty acids in sediment traps: impact on flux estimates (1994)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99 (C2). pp. 3407-3415.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Description: The effect of dissolution from particulates into the supernatant solution in sediment trap sample cups has been measured for fatty acids. A mooring array with time series sediment traps was deployed in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (59°N, 21°W) for 14 months. Selected representative samples from the trap at 2200 m (poisoned with NaN3) were analyzed for total and free fatty acids in both the solution and particulate phase by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an ion trap detector. The flux contribution of the dissolved total fatty acids (∑ DTFA) was found to be between 15 and 75% of the total flux (∑ TTFA, sum of the fluxes of total fatty acids in both particles and supernatants). Dissolved free fatty acids (∑ DFFA) represented 25–88% of the total flux of free fatty acids (∑ TFFA). Absolute concentrations of total and free fatty acids in both compartments are discussed in terms of the processes controlling the distribution between the two phases, for example, readsorption. Sample handling, poisoning, bacterial activity, and swimmers may also affect fatty acid distribution. Flux data (sum of particulate and dissolved fluxes) are presented for individual fatty acids. Also, the degree of dissolution of individual fatty acids is shown for one sample (dissolved fraction ranging between 16 and 98% of total flux).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/93JC02784
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    On the penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the North Atlantic Ocean (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 103 (C9). pp. 18681-18689.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Description: The penetration of anthropogenic or “excess” CO2 into the North Atlantic Ocean was studied along WOCE‐WHP section A2 from 49°N/11°W to 43°N/49°W using hydrographic data obtained during the METEOR cruise 30–2 in October/November 1994. A backcalculation technique based on measurements of temperature, salinity, oxygen, alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon was applied to identify the excess CO2. Everywhere along the transect surface water contained almost its full component of anthropogenic CO2 ( ∼62 μmol kg−1). Furthermore, anthropogenic CO2 has penetrated through the entire water column in the western basin of the North Atlantic Ocean. Even in the deepest waters (5000 m) of the western basin a mean value of 10.4 μmol kg−1 excess CO2 was calculated. The maximum penetration depth of excess CO2 in the eastern basin of the North Atlantic Ocean was ∼3500 m with values falling below 5 μmol kg−1 in greater depths. These results compare well with distributions of carbontetrachloride. They are also in agreement with the current understanding of the role of the “global ocean conveyor belt” for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 into the deep ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC01737
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Toxic chlorobiphenyls in adipose tissue and whole blood of an occupationally/acidentally exposed man and the general population (1994)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Archives of Environmental Health, 49 . pp. 375-383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Individual polychlorinated biphenyl (CB) congeners in adipose and whole blood tissues of a capacitor manufacture worker (occupational/accidental exposure) and of the general population were determined. Nondestructive sample cleanup and multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection (MDGC-ECD) techniques were applied. Special attention was given to the toxicologically relevant congeners CB-77, CB-126, CB-169, CB-105, CB-114, CB-118, CB-156, CB-167, and CB-189 (IUPAC). Lipid-based tissue contents of sigma CBs were higher in the occupationally/accidentally exposed worker (adipose = 7,000 ng/g; whole blood = 11 ng/g) than in the general population (adipose = 300 ng/g; whole blood = 1.9 ng/g). Among the non-ortho Cl CBs, CB-77 was below detection limit (〈 1.0 pg/g). The contents of CB-126 for the capacitor manufacture worker were 2,000 and 3 pg/g, and in the general population were 100 and 2 pg/g for adipose and whole blood, respectively. The corresponding data for CB-169 were 3,500 and 4 for adipose and whole blood, respectively, in the exposed worker, and 40 and 2 for adipose and whole blood, respectively, in the general population. Congeners with highest contents were CB-153, CB-138, CB-180, CB-170, and CB-187. These congeners possess chlorine substitution patterns, making them resistant to metabolism. X/153 ratios suggest that both PB and 3-MC type cytochrome P-450 enzymes were induced in the exposed worker, as well as in the general population.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1994.9954990
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in Sea of Japan (1998)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Chemistry and Ecology, 15 . pp. 157-165.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Deep waters of the Sea of Japan and surface waters of the Pacific Coast of Honshu and the northeast Sea of Japan were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution. the ΣPCB concentrations in solution in the Sea of Japan (50–3000 m) were between 140 and 1230 fg dm−3. the space-integrated surface water concentration near the Pacific coast of northern Honshu was 140 fg dm−3and for the surface water of the Sea of Japan was 230 fg dm−3. Based on these analyses four water masses were deduced in the Sea of Japan during the summer months. It is shown for the first time in the Sea of Japan that polychlorinated biphenyls are excellent chemical indicators of not only the anthropogenic pollution, but also water masses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/02757549808037627
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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