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  • 1990-1994  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology of polyol formation by free and immobilized cells of the osmotolerant yeast Pichia farinosa (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 35 (1991), S. 258-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Some physiological data of cells of Pichia farinosa immobilized on sintered glass Raschig rings were compared with data from free cells. Glucose consumption and productivity of total polyols (arabitol, glycerol and erythritol) showed a simultaneous “inter-lag” phase. Enzymes that catalyse steps of the pentosephosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transaldolase and polyol dehydrogenase) showed a distinct increase after transfer of the cells into production medium. The activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was generally low. Only alcohol dehydrogenase presented the inter-lag phase mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184698
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol by adsorptive immobilized Alcaligenes sp. A 7-2 in soil (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 35 (1991), S. 662-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Alcaligenes sp. A 7-2 immobilized on granular clay has been applied in a percolator to degrade 4-chlorophenol in sandy soil. Good adsorption rates on granular clay were achieved using cell suspensions with high titres and media at pH 8.0. The influence of various parameters such as aeration rate, pH, temperature, concentration of 4-chlorophenol and size of inoculum on the degradation rate were investigated. During fedbatch fermentations under optimal culture conditions, concentrations of 4-chlorophenol up to 160 mg·1−1 could be degraded. Semicontinuous culture experiments demonstrated that the degradation potential in soil could be well established and enhanced by the addition of immobilized bacteria. Continuous fermentation was performed with varying 4-chlorophenol concentrations in the feed and different input levels. The maximum degradation rate was 1.64 g·1−1·day−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169634
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol-induced membrane changes in free and immobilized Escherichia coli (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Membranes of Escherichia coli cells grown in the presence of phenol were examined after isolation of the cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions. Both membrane types showed reduced lipid-to-protein ratios compared to cells grown without phenol. Phenol-induced differences in the expression of individual proteins of the outer membrane, probably involved in the uptake of iron, were expressed in smaller quantities after phenol addition. Growth in the presence of phenol increased the respiratory activity of the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas the direct inhibition of O2 consumption by phenol was not affected by the presence of this compound in the growth medium. E. coli cells grown entrapped in calcium alginate showed low lipid-to-protein ratios even without phenol in the growth medium. Immobilization of cells also markedly changed the protein pattern of the outer membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170572
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of dichloroacetic acid by entrapped and adsorptive immobilized Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) by free, Ca-alginate entrapped and adsorptive immobilized cells of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 has been studied in various experimental systems. Entrapped cells tolerated increasing concentrations of DCA better than free cells. Free and adsorptive immobilized cells degraded DCA most effectively at maximum O2 supply, 34°C and an initial pH value of 8.0. The degradation of high DCA concentrations led to a decrease in the pH value and to a stagnation of mineralization, particularly with free or entrapped cells. Due to the stabilization of pH, the supplementation of acetate or succinate resulted in a complete degradation of higher DCA concentrations. Higher degradation rates than in shake cultures were achieved in air-bubble and packed-bed fermentors. DCA was mineralized faster by free or entrapped X. autotrophicus GJ10 than by adsorptive immobilized cells, which, however, were able to remove higher DCA concentrations. The results of the recent investigations with immobilized X. autotrophicus GJ10 are an important prerequisite for the application of this bacterium in waste treatment systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of dichloroacetic acid by freely suspended and adsorptive immobilized Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 in soil (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 was applied in a packed-bed fermentor to degrade dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in batch-, semicontinuous and continuous culture. Degradation has been studied with freely suspended and adsorptive immobilized cells. To imitate natural soil systems, the fermentor was filled with sand. Concentrations of up to 20 mm DCA were degraded completely. If higher initial concentrations were used, the decrease in pH value inhibited further growth and degradation. In continuous culture the fermentor was inoculated additionally with activated sludge. Over a period of 2 weeks the specialized strain could be retained and no decrease in metabolic activity was observed. A decrease in degradation of DCA was observed when succinate was added as a second substrate. The haloacid dehalogenase was found to be induced by DCA. Non-induced cells showed typical repression of catabolites and diauxic growth with succinate as co-substrate. The results demonstrate that X. autotrophicus GJ10 might be suitable for applications in biological waste treatment systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170446
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of fermentation properties and specific enzyme activities of free and calcium-alginate-entrapped Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Physiological properties have been determined for calcium-alginate-entrapped Saccharomyces cerevisiae in comparison to cells in suspension under identical culture conditions. Cells grown in the form of microcolonies in the alginate beads showed faster glucose uptake and ethanol productivity with simultaneously decreased product and cell yields. Increased specific hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities could be determined in these cells. Immobilized single cells showed only slightly enhanced glucose turnover and no higher specific hexokinase activity. The significant alterations in physiology are apparently connected with growth of the cells in aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170570
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupled reductive and oxidative degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol by a co-immobilized mixed culture system (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1990), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The restriction of oxygen transfer in Ca-alginate beads used for the immobilization of microbial cells was applied to a coupled reductive and oxidative microbial degradation of the xenobiotic 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (CNP). The conversion of CNP by Enterobacter cloacae under anaerobic conditions led to the formation of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (CAP, 81%) and 4-chloro-2-acetaminophenol (CAAP, 16%) after 50 h incubation. CAP, the main reduction product, was further degraded under aerobic conditions by Alcaligenes sp. TK-2, a hybrid strain isolated by conjugative in-vivo gene transfer. Whereas both degradation steps excluded one another in homogeneous systems with free cells, a coupled reductive and oxidative degradation of CNP was observed in one aerated reactor system after co-immobilization of both strains in Ca alginate. The diameter of the alginate beads used for immobilization was recognized as one main factor determining the properties of this mixed culture system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170933
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between fermentation capability and fatty acid composition of free and immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fatty acid composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized by entrapment in calcium-alginate beads or adsorption on sintered glass was compared to that of freely suspended cells under different fermentation conditions. The fermentation product ethanol was found to cause a shift towards saturation in the fatty acid composition under anaerobic conditions. Immobilized cells contained significantly higher percentages of saturated fatty acyl residues, especially of palmitic acid (16:0), and a decreased amount of oleic acid (18:1) compared with free cells. The percentage saturation of total fatty acid composition correlates positively with improved fermentation rates obtained with the immobilized cells. This enhanced saturation of fatty acid composition in immobilized cells may be due to altered osmotic conditions in the microenvironment of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180578
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of phenanthrene by Arthrobacter polychromogenes isolated from a contaminated soil (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 804-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Degradation of phenanthrene by Arthrobacter polychromogenes isolated from a contaminated soil was investigated. In experiments in which [9-14C]-phenanthrene was incubated with cultures of A. polychromogenes containing 150 mg phenanthrene/l it was shown that after 26 h of incubation 47.7% of the recovered radiolabelled carbon originally present was metabolized to 14CO2, 47.8% was recovered from the aqueous fraction, and 4.5% remained in the dichloromethane fraction. Increasing phenanthrene concentration in the culture medium resulted in improved growth and degradation rates, probably due to the higher amount of phenanthrene crystals in the medium. Shifting the temperature from 30°C to 35°C did not influence phenanthrene degradation significantly but inhibited cell division of A. polychromogenes. Medium supplementation with glucose led to stimulation of phenanthrene degradation at low amounts of glucose (0.45 g/l) whereas at higher concentrations (3 g/l) phenanthrene mineralization decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169354
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of inorganic phosphate and immobilization on Claviceps purpurea (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 196-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The influence of inorganic phosphate and immobilization on cells of Claviceps purpurea strain 1029/N5 producing ergot peptides in shake culture was examined. Immobilization in Ca-alginate beads resulted in a marked reduction of some metabolic activities, i.e. the periods of alkaloid formation and cell growth were prolonged. High concentrations of inorganic phosphate (1 g/l KH2PO4) could reduce or stop alkaloid formation both by free and immobilized cells at any time during fermentation. The optimum phosphate concentration for alkaloid production by immobilized cells (about 0.5 mM) was a quarter of that required by free cells. This optimum shift was attributed to (i) the diminished phosphate demand of immobilized cells, due to their reduced metabolic activities, and (ii) the phosphate-dependent morphological behaviour of the biocatalyst. The observed decrease in alkaloid concentrations during later periods of the fermentation supported the idea of alkaloid-degradative enzymes, activated by high phosphate concentrations. Immobilization showed an advantageous influence on this undesirable effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176524
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