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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on yield and dry-matter distribution of the stay-green characteristic in cultivars of forage maize grown in England (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To test whether or not the ‘stay-green’ (SG) characteristic confers benefits in terms of crop yield or distribution of dry matter (DM) in selected forage maize cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 1998 and 1999 at two sites in England: Writtle College, Essex and the University of Leeds, West Yorkshire. Five SG and five conventional (C) cultivars of forage maize were grown in replicated field-scale plots at each site in both years. One-metre lengths of single rows in each plot were harvested by hand, leaving a 20-cm stubble, on four occasions each year over 3-week periods (harvest 1 to harvest 4), prior to the harvest of the remainder of the fields. Plants were chopped, mixed and a subsample taken for determination of DM content by oven-drying. Mean yields of whole plant DM were similar between SG and C cultivars. Both yield of DM and proportion of ear in the total plant DM increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P 〈 0·01). The increase in DM yield between harvest 1 and harvest 4 was greater for C than for SG cultivars (P 〈 0·05). Within sites there were no differences in the concentration of whole plant DM between SG and C cultivars, which increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P 〈 0·001). The proportion of ear DM in the whole plant DM tended to be higher for C than for SG cultivars in both years and increased (P 〈 0·001) from harvest 1 to harvest 4. The concentration of DM in the ear fraction was higher (P 〈 0·05) for C than for SG cultivars. We conclude that differences between SG and C cultivars of forage maize are likely to be relatively small when grown in the English climate and harvested after the same growing period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00377.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycling of sewage sludge to grassland: a review of the legislation to control of the localization and accumulation of potential toxic metals in grazing systems (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The recycling of sewage sludge or biosolids to grassland is strategically important in the European Union (EU) and its use is tightly regulated to control the risk of pathogen transfer to animals and the food chain. Sewage sludges not only contain valuable concentrations of beneficial nutrients, but also elevated concentrations of potentially toxic metals (PTM) compared with average background concentrations in the soil. The EC and UK regulations refer to six PTM, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Hg, with provisional regulations for Cr, that have to be controlled to prevent detrimental effects on soil and animal health. Despite these regulations, there is still a danger that grazing animals may ingest elevated concentrations of PTM. Biosolids may adhere to herbage after the surface application of sewage sludge to grassland. The repeated surface application of sewage sludge to grassland can lead to elevated concentrations of PTM at the soil surface that may be ingested, together with soil and herbage, by grazing ruminants. This may lead to accumulation of Cd or Pb in liver or kidney. The risk to the human food chain is considered to be low, but the impact on the environment is still unknown. There is little information, for example, on the amount of soil and PTMs that may become incorporated into conserved grass. At present EU and UK legislation and voluntary codes of practice have been developed to protect animal from pathogens in sewage sludge and to minimize any potential risks from accumulation of PTM. The background and implementation of the legislation are examined in this review, and the source and mechanisms of accumulation of PTM by the grazing animal are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00365.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating the relationship between the hair fiber proteome and hair quality (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many hair characteristics (e.g. color and curl) are genetically determined. Here, we investigated whether hair quality is also genetically controlled and related to differences in hair composition. Female, Caucasian subjects (n = 292) were recruited into this study and segmented by self-perceived hair quality and by permanent colorant usage. Hair fibers were collected and characterized by amino acid analysis, dry tensile elastic modulus testing and two-dimensional electrophoresis of hair protein extracts.Protein analysis revealed a string of 66 kDa proteins that correlated with hair of high quality. Loss of low molecular weight (14–29 kDa) proteins increased with colorant usage, particularly in hair of low quality. Amino acid analysis showed that the levels of serine and threonine across all the subjects followed bimodal frequency distributions suggestive of a genetic influence. Overall, data suggested that perception of quality was linked to high serine and threonine levels. In addition, where hair was colored, quality was associated with lower cysteic acid levels. Lower cysteic acid levels were not linked to lower colorant usage and our data suggest that high quality hair may be more resistant to colorant damage. Elastic modulus was significantly higher in hair of higher quality (4.65 GPa) compared to all medium and low quality hair combined (4.3 GPa), P 〈 0.02. This suggests a link between altered hair composition and mechanical properties. In conclusion, the composition and mechanical properties of hair have been linked to hair quality. We hypothesize that hair quality is thus likely to be genetically determined. Understanding of the links between hair composition and its properties could be utilized in the future for designing products targeted to each individual's hair make-up, and for producing diagnostic tools for determining hair quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00230_3.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disappearance of intraperitoneal gas following gynaecological laparoscopy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated 25 day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients to determine the duration of the pneumoperitoneum, the rate at which residual gas disappeared and the relative contribution of this gas to pain in the early postoperative period. The volume of gas was calculated from measurements of the subdiaphragmatic gas bubble obtained from an erect chest X-ray. Each patient was X-rayed twice, either immediately prior to discharge and at 24 h post laparoscopy, or at 24 h and 48 h post surgery. Patients were contacted by telephone at 24 and 48 h to confirm fitness to return for the X-ray and at the same time verbal pain and activity scores were recorded. We found that residual gas was almost entirely gone by 48 h following surgery and that it appeared to reduce in an exponential manner. The contribution of this gas to postoperative pain was significant in the first 24 h, but by 48 h it was considerably reduced. We conclude that in day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients, postoperative pneumoperitoneum is short-lived, and that by 48 h its volume and contribution to postoperative pain should be minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02358.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Staphylococcus aureus paraspinal abscess associated with epidural analgesia in labour (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case is described in which a parturient developed a Staphylococcus aureus paraspinal abscess following epidural analgesia in labour. We compared this case with other reported cases of paraspinal abscesses in obstetric patients. The presentation, diagnosis and management of these cases were reviewed. Anaesthetists need to be aware that non-spinal−epidural abscesses can occur in patients with an associated labour epidural.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02130-2.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weed shoot morphology effects on competitiveness for light in direct-seeded rice (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of weed shoot morphology on competitiveness for light in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have not been well described quantitatively and are difficult to study empirically. A rice:weed model was used to analyse the effects of weed leaf area densities (LAD; m2 m–3), leaf angles (as leaf light extinction coefficients, kleaf) and maximum heights (Hm, m) on growth and competition with rice. Weed morphologies were hypothetical but empirically based, as follows: LADs were skewed to the bottom or conical, kleaf values varied from 0.2 (erectophile) to 0.8 (planophile), and Hm values were 0.5HR, 1HR and 1.25HR, where HR was rice maximum height. Other parameters were equal to those of rice. Growth and competitiveness were evaluated using mature seed dry weights (g m–2). Short weeds and weeds with conical LADs were weakly competitive, regardless of other traits. For other weed types, interference with rice was positively related to Hm, LAD skewness and more planophile leaves. All three traits were critical determinants of weed interference but no single morphological trait guaranteed competitiveness. All else being equal, weeds with highly skewed LADs produced the most seed dry weight. Planophile leaves were particularly beneficial for short weeds, giving over five times more seed dry weight than erectophile leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00228.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of delayed Echinochloa spp. germination and duration of competition for integrated weed management in water-seeded rice (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 42 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Co-ordinating herbicide applications with the suppressive ability of the crop has the potential to improve weed control and optimize herbicide use in water-seeded rice. However, the successful integration of herbicide applications and crop development depends on the timing and duration of competition between rice and weeds. The critical period of competition between rice and Echinochloa species was examined in field and glasshouse experiments from 1996 to 2000. In 1999 and 2000, Echinochloa species seeded 30 days after rice in field experiments did not survive and rice yields were not reduced when plots were kept weed-free for 30 days or longer. In a basin experiment conducted in 1998, E. phyllopogon seeded with the crop was unaffected by light competition alone but the relative importance of shading by the crop increased when E. phyllopogon was seeded after rice. Management strategies that delay the germination or growth of Echinochloa species might confer a competitive advantage to rice and reduce the need for herbicide applications. However, yields in the field experiments were reduced by at least 18% after only 30 days of competition in both years, suggesting that it may be difficult to integrate currently available herbicides with crop growth in water-seeded rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00295.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive search does not identify genomic sex markers in Tetraodon nigroviridis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 61 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three methods used for comparing genomic DNA did not detect a sex-specific genomic marker in the green spotted pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02475.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Habitat degradation and climate change are thought to be altering the distributions and abundances of animals and plants throughout the world, but their combined impacts have not been assessed for any species assemblage. Here we evaluated changes in the distribution sizes and abundances of 46 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102054
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Home teleconsultations with faculty subspecialists on chest images from an intensive care unit (2000)
    Springer
    Emergency radiology 7 (2000), S. 206-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Key words Home teleradiology – Resident supervision – Subspecialist teleconsultations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Study objective: To determine whether teleconsultations by first-year radiology residents with faculty thoracic radiologists, using diagnostic-quality teleradiology workstations in the radiologists' homes, would add clinical value for the acute management of intensive care unit patients after regular working hours. Design and setting: First-year radiology residents recorded key findings on new computed chest radiographs from 173 cardiothoracic intensive care unit patients. After consulting with home-based thoracic radiologists on the same images via teleradiology, they recorded any revisions to their original interpretations. An interdisciplinary evaluation panel determined whether the revisions of the residents' initial readings after the teleradiology consultations would have influenced the acute clinical care of these patients. Measurements and results: In 119 of the 173 cases (69 %), differences in key findings on the chest images were observed between the first-year residents' preliminary readings and their revised readings after teleconsultation with a thoracic radiologist. The evaluation panel determined that the changes in key findings after the teleconsultations could have influenced acute patient care in 86 of the 173 cases (50 %). Conclusions: Through rapid teleradiology consultations with residents, focusing on the key findings on newly-obtained computed chest images, home-based thoracic radiologists provided information of added clinical value for the acute management of cardiothoracic intensive care unit patients in one-half of the cases studied. Diagnostic workstations in the homes of faculty subspecialists may enable first-year radiology residents on night or weekend duty to obtain clinical supervision from faculty subspecialists that approximates more closely the level of supervision that they receive during regular working hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011826
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