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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Dolphins -- Behavior. ; Dolphins -- Psychology. ; Cognition in animals. ; Mammals -- Behavior. ; Mammals -- Psychology. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Published in 1986, Dolphin Cognition and Behavior is a valuable contribution to the field of Cognitive Psychology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (396 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781135060015
    Series Statement: Comparative Cognition and Neuroscience Series
    DDC: 599.53
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- I: BRAIN AND SENSES OF DOLPHINS -- 1. Evolutionary Morphology of the Dolphin Brain -- Introduction -- Subdivisions of the Cortical Formations -- Concepts of Neocortical Evolution: Application to Studies of Architecture of the Cetacean Cerebral Cortex -- Recent Studies of Cetacean Cortex -- Electrophysiological Mapping Studies of the Cetacean Brain -- Summary -- References -- 2. Physiological Observations on Dolphin Brains -- Dolphin Brain Size -- Convolutedness-Surface Area of the Dolphin Brain -- Volume of the Dolphin Cortex -- The Dolphin Brain and Visceral Function -- Growth of the Dolphin Brain -- Dolphin Brain Metabolism -- Hemispheric Independence -- Absence of REM Sleep in Dolphins -- Lateralization of the Dolphin Brain -- Somatosensory Observations on the dolphin -- The Auditory System -- References -- 3. Middle- and Long-Latency Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Dolphins -- Introduction -- Methods -- Experiment I. Effects of Stimulus Probability -- Experiment II. ERPs to Conditioned Tone Sequences -- Experiment III. The Recovery Cycle of the Dolphin ERP -- Discussion -- Summary -- References -- 4. Vision, Audition, and Chemoreception in Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals -- Introduction -- Vision -- Audition -- Chemoreception -- References -- 5. Dolphin Audition and Echolocation Capacities -- Introduction -- Ear Anatomy and Transduction Mechanisms -- Auditory Thresholds -- Delphinid Echolocation Sound Production -- Theoretical Echolocation Models -- References -- II: COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE OF DOLPHINS -- 6. The Perceptual Worlds of Dolphins -- The Dolphin's World -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 7. How Can You Tell if an Animal is Intelligent? -- Folk Taxonomy. , Intelligence Within the Domain of Behavioral Science -- Quantity Vs. Quality -- Some Ways of Studying Animal Intelligence -- Similarity" is a Multidimensional, not a Unidimensional, Concept -- How Have Our Views of Animal Intelligence Changed Over the Past Two or Three Decades? -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 8. Describing Intelligence -- The Comparative Approach -- The Absolute Approach -- The Internal Representation of Objects -- Classification Behavior -- Problem Solving -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 9. Suggestions for Research on Ethological and Comparative Cognition -- Introduction -- Purpose -- List of Measurable Variables -- Comments on the List -- Summary -- References -- 10. Cognition and Language Competencies of Bottlenosed Dolphins -- Introduction -- Processing Auditory and Visual Information -- Language Comprehension -- Discussion -- References -- 11. Reinforcement Training as Interspecies Communication -- Dolphin Domestication -- Positive Reinforcement Training and Cognition -- Reinforcement Training and Intraspecific Signals -- Reinforcement Training and Human-Animal Communication -- Conclusion -- References -- 12. Dolphin Behavior and Cognition: Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects -- Introduction -- The Social Organizations of Mammals -- Social Organization and Encephalization -- Natural Selection and Social Dynamics -- Higher Mental Processes and Cognition -- References -- III: COMMUNICATION IN DOLPHINS -- 13. Dolphin Vocal Mimicry and Vocal Object Labeling -- Introduction -- Vocal Mimicry -- Labeling of Objects -- Implications of Mimicry for Cognition Research -- Natural Communication -- References -- 14. Acquisition of Anomalous Communicatory Systems: Implications for Studies on Interspecies Communication -- Inculcation of Human Codes-Validity and Implications. , Inculcation of Human Codes-Social and Referential Aspects -- Consequences of Anomalous Communicative Competence -- References -- 15. Awareness, Intentionality, and Acquired Communicative Behaviors: Dimensions of Intelligence -- Introduction -- The Difference Between Acquired and Innate Patterns -- Awareness and Intentional Informative Communicative Acts -- References -- 16. Signaling Behavior: Contributions of Different Repertoires -- The Repertoire of Signal Acts -- Repertoire of Variations of Signal Form -- Repertoires of Patterned Combinations of Signal Units -- Repertoires of Formalized Interactions -- Contributions of the Repertoires -- Conclusions -- References -- IV: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND FORAGING STRATEGIES OF DOLPHINS -- 17. Delphinid Social Organization and Social Behavior -- Introduction -- Social Organization -- Social Behavior -- The Symmetry of Relations -- Conclusion -- References -- 18. Delphinid Foraging Strategies -- Introduction -- Finding and Securing Food -- Cooperative Foraging -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 19. Social Complexity and Cooperative Behavior in Delphinids -- Forms of Social Cooperation -- Economics of Cooperation in General -- Economics of Cooperation in Cetaceans -- Measures of Cooperation Complexity -- References -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 969-977 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the temperature dependent transport properties of epitaxial BaTiO3 are reported. Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power were measured over the temperature range of 77–300 K. Room temperature resistivities of the as-deposited, undoped films range from 105 to 108 Ω cm, while values as low as 55 Ω cm are obtained for the La-doped films. The resistivity shows an activated temperature dependence with the measured activation energies ranging between 0.11 and 0.50 eV. The activation energy depends strongly upon the thin film carrier concentration. Thermoelectric power measurements indicate that the films are n-type. The Seebeck coefficient for La-doped BaTiO3 exhibits metallike behavior, with its magnitude directly proportional to temperature. Temperature dependent resistivity and thermopower measurements indicate that the carrier mobility is activated. A transport model is proposed whereby conduction occurs in the La-doped films via hopping between localized states within a pseudogap formed between a lower Hubbard band and the BaTiO3 conduction band edge. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 3 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 40 (1995), S. 57-83 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Summary This study surveys firstly, using a modified semantic differential technique, how a sample of health visitors in the County of South Glamorgan perceived different behavioural problems in preschool children. A selection of visiting records, covering a 1-year period, is also studied. Results from the semantic-differential indicate that health visitors perceive eating and sleeping as the most common problem areas. Hyperactivity and sleeping problems are seen as being the most difficult to deal with and the most disruptive to family life. Although health visitors generally feel it is necessary to follow up children with behaviour problems, they find these difficult to resolve. About one third of children are referred to other agencies. Visiting records reveal that children with hyperactivity and sleeping problems receive the highest number of visits from health visitors and that there is little improvement in these children over a period of 1 year. An extension of the health visitor's role and training to include behavioural treatments for pre-school children is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 279 (1979), S. 510-512 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The instrument we used is similar to that described by Ito et al.2. Incident radiation was focused by a ??-cm, Fl.O silicon lens onto 1 1 PbS detectors, with fields of view of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.7 at 2.4 p?, and 2.0 at 3.4 ??. The whole telescope system was cooled by liquid nitrogen to reduce the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 539 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 22 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to analyze keratin gene expression at both the mRNA and protein level in oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). Comparisons were made with normal lingual epithelium from a similar site, tongue biting, normal buccal mucosa and another condition which disturbs oral epithelial differentiation, white sponge nevus. Combined immnunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies for keratins 14 and 19 were carried out on 2 specimens of OHL from HIV-positive males and one sample each of the other cases. Keratin 14 protein expression was uniform throughout all the epithelia. In normal epithelia and in lesions other than OHL, keratin 14 mRNA was most strongly expressed in basal cells with weaker but still significant amounts in the spinous cell layer. In both cases of OHL there was weaker basal cell expression of keratin 14 mRNA and frequent absence in koilocytoid cells. Keratin 19 protein expression was heterogeneous in the basal layer ol all specimens with suprabasal staining of occasional groups of cells. Its mRNA was uniformly distributed in all cases. The findings indicate that keratin mRNA expression does not always parallel that of protein and that, in the case of keratin 14, expression may be influenced by the presence of EBV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Butterfly/ant relationships ; Maculinea ; Myrmica ; Carrying capacity ; Scramble competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Caterpillars of Maculinea arion are obligate predators of the brood of Myrmica sabuleti ants. In the aboratory, caterpillars eat the largest available ant larvae, although eggs, small larvae and prepupae are also palatable. This is an efficient way to predate. It ensures that newly-adopted caterpillars consume the final part of the first cohort of ant brood in a nest, before this pupates in early autumn and becomes unavailable as prey. At the same time, the fixed number of larvae in the second cohort is left to grow larger before being killed in late autumn and spring. Caterpillars also improve their feeding efficiency by hibernating for longer than ants in spring, losing just 6% of their weight while the biomass of ant larvae increases by 27%. Final instar caterpillars acquire more than 99% of their ultimate biomass in Myrmica nests, growing from 1.3 mg to an estimated 173 mg. A close correlation was found between the weights of caterpillars throughout autumn and the number of large ant larvae they had eaten. This was used to calculate the number of larvae eaten in spring, allowing both for the loss of caterpillar weight during winter and the increase in the size of their prey in spring. It is estimated that 230 of the largest available larvae, and a minimum nest size of 354 M. sabuleti workers, is needed to support one butterfly. Few wild M. sabuleti nests are this large: on one site, it was estimated that 85% of nests were too small to produce a butterfly, and only 5% could support two or more. This prediction was confirmed by the mortalities of 376 caterpillars in 151 wild M. sabuleti nests there. Mortalities were particularly high in nests that adopted more than two caterpillars, apparently due to scramble competition and starvation in autumn. Survival was higher than predicted in wild nests that adopted one caterpillar. These caterpillars seldom exhaust their food before spring, when there is intense competition among Myrmica for nest sites. Ants often desert their nests in the absence of brood, leaving the caterpillar behind. Vacant nests are frequently repopulated by a neighbouring colony, carrying in a fresh supply of brood. Maculinea arion caterpillars have an exceptional ability to withstand starvation, and sometimes survive to parasitize more than one Myrmica colony. Despite these adaptations, predation is an inefficient way to exploit the resources of a Myrmica nest. By contrast, Maculinea rebeli feeds mainly at a lower trophic level, on the regurgitations of worker ants. Published data show that Myrmica nests can support 6 times more caterpillars of Maculinea rebeli than of M. arion in the laboratory. This is confirmed by field data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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