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  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The persistence of coral reef ecosystems relies on the symbiotic relationship between scleractinian corals and intracellular, photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. Genetic evidence indicates that these symbionts are biologically diverse and exhibit discrete patterns of environmental and host distribution. This makes the assessment of Symbiodinium diversity critical to understanding the symbiosis ecology of corals. Here, we applied pyrosequencing to the elucidation of Symbiodinium diversity via analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, a multicopy genetic marker commonly used to analyse Symbiodinium diversity. Replicated data generated from isoclonal Symbiodinium cultures showed that all genomes contained numerous, yet mostly rare, ITS2 sequence variants. Pyrosequencing data were consistent with more traditional denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approaches to the screening of ITS2 PCR amplifications, where the most common sequences appeared as the most intense bands. Further, we developed an operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based pipeline for Symbiodinium ITS2 diversity typing to provisionally resolve ecologically discrete entities from intragenomic variation. A genetic distance cut-off of 0.03 collapsed intragenomic ITS2 variants of isoclonal cultures into single OTUs. When applied to the analysis of field-collected coral samples, our analyses confirm that much of the commonly observed Symbiodinium ITS2 diversity can be attributed to intragenomic variation. We conclude that by analysing Symbiodinium populations in an OTU-based framework, we can improve objectivity, comparability and simplicity when assessing ITS2 diversity in field-based studies.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-22
    Beschreibung: Algal symbionts (zooxanthellae, genus Symbiodinium) of scleractinian corals respond strongly to temperature, nutrient and light changes. These factors vary greatly along the north-south gradient in the Red Sea and include conditions, which are outside of those typically considered optimal for coral growth. Nevertheless, coral communities thrive throughout the Red Sea, suggesting that zooxanthellae have successfully acclimatized or adapted to the harsh conditions they experience particularly in the south (high temperatures and high nutrient supply). As such, the Red Sea is a region, which may help to better understand how zooxanthellae and their coral hosts successfully acclimatize or adapt to environmental change (e.g. increased temperatures and localized eutrophication). To gain further insight into the physiology of coral symbionts in the Red Sea, we examined the abundance of dominant Symbiodinium types associated with the coral Pocillopora verrucosa, and measured Symbiodinium physiological characteristics (i.e. photosynthetic processes, cell density, pigmentation, and protein composition) along the latitudinal gradient of the Red Sea in summer and winter. Despite the strong environmental gradients from north to south, our results demonstrate that Symbiodinium microadriaticum (type A1) was the predominant species in P. verrucosa along the latitudinal gradient. Furthermore, measured physiological characteristics were found to vary more with prevailing seasonal environmental conditions than with region-specific differences, although the measured environmental parameters displayed much higher spatial than temporal variability. We conclude that our findings might present the result of long-term acclimatization or adaptation of S. microadriaticum to regionally specific conditions within the Red Sea. Of additional note, high nutrients in the South correlated with high zooxanthellae density indicating a compensation for a temperature-driven loss of photosynthetic performance, which may prove promising for the resilience of these corals under increase of temperature increase and eutrophication.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Unbekannt
    Wiley
    In:  In: Biofouling Methods. , ed. by Dobretsov, S., Williams, D. N. and Thomason, J. Wiley, New York, USA, pp. 93-113. ISBN 978-0-470-65985-4
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-30
    Beschreibung: Sponges are important components of marine benthic environments and are associated with microbial symbionts that carry out ecologically relevant functions. Stylissa carteri is an abundant, low-microbial abundance species in the Red Sea. We aimed to achieve the functional and taxonomic characterization of the most actively expressed prokaryotic genes in S. carteri. Prokaryotic mRNA was enriched from sponge total RNA, sequenced using Illumina HiSeq technology and annotated using the metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) pipeline. We detected high expression of archaeal ammonia oxidation and photosynthetic carbon fixation by members of the genus Synechococcus. Functions related to stress response and membrane transporters were among the most highly expressed by S. carteri symbionts. Unexpectedly, gene functions related to methylotrophy were highly expressed by gammaproteobacterial symbionts. The presence of seawater-derived microbes is indicated by the phylogenetic proximity of organic carbon transporters to orthologues of members from the SAR11 clade. In summary, we revealed the most expressed functions of the S. carteri-associated microbial community and linked them to the dominant taxonomic members of the microbiome. This work demonstrates the applicability of metatranscriptomics to explore poorly characterized symbiotic consortia and expands our knowledge of the ecologically relevant functions carried out by coral reef sponge symbionts.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2802, doi:10.1038/srep02802.
    Beschreibung: It is usually assumed that metabolic constraints restrict deep-sea corals to cold-water habitats, with ‘deep-sea’ and ‘cold-water’ corals often used as synonymous. Here we report on the first measurements of biological characters of deep-sea corals from the central Red Sea, where they occur at temperatures exceeding 20°C in highly oligotrophic and oxygen-limited waters. Low respiration rates, low calcification rates, and minimized tissue cover indicate that a reduced metabolism is one of the key adaptations to prevailing environmental conditions. We investigated four sites and encountered six species of which at least two appear to be undescribed. One species is previously reported from the Red Sea but occurs in deep cold waters outside the Red Sea raising interesting questions about presumed environmental constraints for other deep-sea corals. Our findings suggest that the present understanding of deep-sea coral persistence and resilience needs to be revisited.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecosystem ecology ; Biodiversity ; Genetics ; Metabolism
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/msword
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier Ltd for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 72 (2013): 406-416, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.038.
    Beschreibung: Expert opinion was assessed to identify current knowledge gaps in determining future changes in Arabian/Persian Gulf (thereafter ‘Gulf’) coral reefs. Thirty-one participants submitted 71 research questions that were peer-assessed in terms of scientific importance (i.e., filled a knowledge gap and was a research priority) and efficiency in resource use (i.e., was highly feasible and ecologically broad). Ten research questions, in six major research areas, were highly important for both understanding Gulf coral reef ecosystems and also an efficient use of limited research resources. These questions mirrored global evaluations of the importance of understanding and evaluating biodiversity, determining the potential impacts of climate change, the role of anthropogenic impacts in structuring coral reef communities, and economically evaluating coral reef communities. These questions provide guidance for future research on coral reef ecosystems within the Gulf, and enhance the potential for assessment and management of future changes in this globally significant region.
    Beschreibung: This manuscript is a direct result of the ‘Coral Reefs of the Gulf’ conference, hosted and sponsored by the New York University – Abu Dhabi Institute in Abu Dhabi, February 2012. In addition, D.A. Feary was supported by a Chancellors Postdoctoral Fellowship within the University of Technology, Sydney, D.M. Anderson was provided support from the Ministry of Environment and Water, United Arab Emirates, and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (NSF/NIEHS), E. Grandcourt was supported by Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, H. Mahmood was supported by Kuwait University, C.R. Voolstra was supported by a KAUST AEA 3 Joint Collaborative Research award ‘the Natural History Museum, London and the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) are thanked by D.M. John and J.D. George for supporting their research in the UAE’ research at Naturalis Biodiversity Center and partial field work for K. Samimi-Namin was supported by Schure-Beijerinck-Poppingfonds (KNAW), Alida Buitendijkfonds, Jan Joost ter Pelkwijkfonds, and Martin-Fellowship. The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Census of Marine Life are gratefully acknowledged for the research grant provided to K. Samimi-Namin; in this regard N. D’Adamo (UNESCO, ICO, Perth), M. Claereboudt (Sultan Qaboos University), J.H. Ausubel (Rockefeller University), and P. Miloslavich (Universidad Simón Bolı́var) are appreciated for their continuous support and encouragement. The Mideast Coral Reef Society Initiative is funded by the NERC (NE/K00641X/1 to J. Wiedenmann).
    Schlagwort(e): Persian Gulf ; Arabian Gulf ; Coral Reefs ; Expert ; Assessment ; Research Gap
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Conservation Genetics Resources 5 (2013): 561-563, doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9852-x.
    Beschreibung: A total of one hundred microsatellites loci were selected from the draft genome of Stylophora pistillata and evaluated in previously characterized samples of Stylophora cf pistillata from the Red Sea. 17 loci were amplified successfully and tested in 24 individuals from samples belonging to a single population from the central region of the Red Sea. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 15 alleles per locus, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.292 to 0.95. Six of these loci showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations, and 4/136 paired loci comparisons suggested linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni corrections. After excluding loci with significant HWE deviation and evidence of null alleles, average genetic diversity over loci in the population studied (N = 24, Nloci = 11) was 0.701 ± 0.380. This indicates that these loci can be used effectively to evaluate genetic diversity and undertake population genetics studies in Stylophora sp. populations.
    Beschreibung: This research was funded by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia.
    Schlagwort(e): Stylophora ; Tetra and dinucleotide microsatellites ; Red Sea ; Coral
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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