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  • OceanRep  (5)
  • OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed  (5)
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  • OceanRep  (5)
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  • 1
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    Impact of sample pretreatment on the measured element concentrations in the bivalveArctica islandica (2011)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12 (7).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-05
    Description: Correlating metal to calcium (Me/Ca) ratios of marine biogenic carbonates, such as bivalve shells, to environmental parameters has led to contradictory results. Biogenic carbonates represent complex composites of organic and inorganic phases. Some elements are incorporated preferentially into organic phases, and others are incorporated into inorganic phases. Chemical sample pretreatment to remove the organic matrix prior to trace element analysis may increase the applicability of the investigated proxy relationship, though its efficiency and side effects remain questionable. We treated inorganic calcium carbonate and bivalve shell powder (Arctica islandica) with eight different chemical treatments including H2O2, NaOH, NaOCl, and acetone and analyzed the effects on (1) Me/Ca ratios (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mn/Ca), (2) organic matter (≈N) content, and (3) mineralogical composition of the calcium carbonate. The different treatments (1) cause element and treatment specific changes of Me/Ca ratios, (2) vary in their efficiency to remove organic matter, and (3) can even alter the phase composition of the calcium carbonate (e.g., formation of Ca(OH)2 during NaOH treatment). Among all examined treatments there were none without any side effects. In addition, certain Me/Ca changes we observed upon chemical treatment contradict our expectations that lattice-bound elements (Sr and Ba) should not be affected, whereas non-lattice-bound elements (Mg and Mn) should decrease upon removal of the organic matrix. For instance, we observe that NaOCl treatment did not alter Sr/Ca ratios but caused unexpected changes of the Mg/Ca ratios. The latter demonstrates that the buildup of complex biogenic composites like the shell of Arctica islandica are still poorly understood.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003630
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 160 (8). pp. 1995-2006.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-01
    Description: The ongoing process of ocean acidification already affects marine life, and according to the concept of oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance, these effects may be intensified at the borders of the thermal tolerance window. We studied the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on clapping performance and energy metabolism of the commercially important scallop Pecten maximus. Individuals were exposed for at least 30 days to 4 °C (winter) or to 10 °C (spring/summer) at either ambient (0.04 kPa, normocapnia) or predicted future PCO2 levels (0.11 kPa, hypercapnia). Cold-exposed (4 °C) groups revealed thermal stress exacerbated by PCO2 indicated by a high mortality overall and its increase from 55 % under normocapnia to 90 % under hypercapnia. We therefore excluded the 4 °C groups from further experimentation. Scallops at 10 °C showed impaired clapping performance following hypercapnic exposure. Force production was significantly reduced although the number of claps was unchanged between normocapnia- and hypercapnia-exposed scallops. The difference between maximal and resting metabolic rate (aerobic scope) of the hypercapnic scallops was significantly reduced compared with normocapnic animals, indicating a reduction in net aerobic scope. Our data confirm that ocean acidification narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes and impairs the animal’s performance capacity with potentially detrimental consequences for its fitness and survival in the ocean of tomorrow.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-2057-8
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    In situ measurements of pH, Ca2+ and DIC dynamics within the extrapallial fluid of the ocean quahog Arctica islandica (2014)
    BioOne
    In:  Journal of Shellfish Research, 38 (1).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-06
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.2983/035.038.0107
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates: general conversion factors from weight to energy (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117 (3). pp. 271-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In ecological studies, especially in those dealing with energy circulation in nature, determinations of the energy content of organisms are inevitable. Energy determinations are, however, laborious and time-consuming. Average conversion factors based on different species form various areas and seasons may often be a shortcut for overcoming this problem. To establish general energy conversion factors for aquatic invertebrate groups, we used 376 values of J · mg−1 DW and 255 values of J · mg−1 AFDW, representing 308 and 229 species, respectively. The dry-weight-to-energy factors were highly variable both within and between taxonomic groups, e.g.: Porifera, 6.1 J · mg−1 DW; insect larvae, 22.4 J · mg−1 DW (median values). The energy-conversion factors related to AFDW showed a much smaller dispersion with a minimum median value of 19.7 J · mg−1 AFDW (Ascidiacea) and a maximum of 23.8 J · mg−1 AFDW (insect larvae). Within taxonomic groups, the 95% confidence intervals (AFDW) were only a few percent of the median values. The use of energy-conversion factors based on AFDW is preferable due to their lower dispersion. For aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates, a general conversion factor of 23 J · mg−1 AFDW can be used.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(88)90062-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Climate change disrupts core habitats of marine species (2023)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these changes in species composition will affect future marine life is crucial for conservation management, especially due to increasing demands for marine natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions of a multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges of 〉33,500 marine species from climate model projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up to the year 2100. Our results show that the core habitat area will decline for many species, resulting in a net loss of 50% of the core habitat area for almost half of all marine species in 2100 under the high-emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence of the continuing distributional reorganization of marine life, gaps around the equator will appear for 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) of marine species with cross-equatorial ranges. For many more species, continuous distributional ranges will be disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates in higher latitudes and polar regions will lead to substantial changes in the ecosystem and food web structure, particularly regarding the introduction of new predators. Overall, our study highlights that the degree of spatial and structural reorganization of marine life with ensued consequences for ecosystem functionality and conservation efforts will critically depend on the realized greenhouse gas emission pathway.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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