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Embryotoxicity of silver ions is diminished by ceruloplasmin—further evidence for its role in the transport of copper (1995)

Shavlovski, Mikhail M. ; Chebotar, Nicolai A. ; Konopistseva, Liudmila A. ; [et al.]

Springer

BioMetals 8 (1995), S. 122-128

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ISSN: 1572-8773

Keywords: ceruloplasmin ; copper metabolism ; embryogenesis ; metal toxicity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The effect of alimentary administration of silver salts upon embryogenesis in rats was studied. Feeding of female rats throughout the term on a regular diet supplemented with AgCl did not cause alterations of their physiological functions, despite the fact that enzymatically active copper-containing ceruloplasmin (CP) was eliminated from the blood plasma. However, developmental abnormalities of embryos, their prenatal death or the 100% mortality of the newborns in the first 24 h of life was seen. Copper content in placenta and fetal tissues was strongly diminished. Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in cytoplasm of embryonic cells along with a drop, though less pronounced, in the tissues of the pregnant females. Embryotoxicity of AgCl was seriously diminished by repetitive injections of native CP to the pregnant rats. Such treatment resulted in an increase of SOD activity in placenta and embryonic tissues. The mortality of the newborns also became less. It is suggested that the embryotoxic effect of AgCl is caused by its ability to interfere with copper metabolism, in particular by altering the copper-transporting function of CP.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142011

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Monthly Arctic sea ice lead fraction in 0.5° x 0.5° resolution from SARAL/Altika altimeter, link to datasets in NetCDF 4 format (2016)

Zakharova, Elena A ; Fleury, Sara ; Guerreiro, Kévin ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Zakharova, Elena A; Fleury, Sara; Guerreiro, Kévin; Willmes, Sascha; Rémy, Frédérique; Kouraev, Alexei V; Heinemann, Günther (2015): Sea ice leads detection using SARAL/AltiKa altimeter. Marine Geodesy, 38(sup1), 522-533, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2015.1019655

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Publication Date: 2023-01-13

Description: Sea ice leads play an essential role in ocean-ice-atmosphere exchange, in ocean circulation, geochemistry, and in ice dynamics. Their precise detection is crucial for altimetric estimations of sea ice thickness and volume. This study evaluates the performance of the SARAL/AltiKa (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) altimeter to detect leads and to monitor their spatio-temporal dynamics. We show that a pulse peakiness parameter (PP) used to detect leads by Envisat RA-2 and ERS-1,-2 altimeters is not suitable because of saturation of AltiKa return echoes over the leads. The signal saturation results in loss of 6–10% of PP data over sea ice. We propose a different parameter—maximal power of waveform—and define the threshold to discriminate the leads. Our algorithm can be applied from December until May. It detects well the leads of small and medium size from 200 m to 3–4 km. So the combination of the high-resolution altimetric estimates with low-resolution thermal infra-red or radiometric lead fraction products could enhance the capability of remote sensing to monitor sea ice fracturing.

Type: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 1.3 MBytes

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Global climate control on carbonate weathering intensity (2018)

Gaillardet, Jérôme ; Calmels, Damien ; Romero-Mujalli, Gibran ; [et al.]

Elsevier

In: Chemical Geology, 527 . Art.Nr. 118762.

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Publication Date: 2021-02-08

Description: Carbonate rocks are a peculiarity of the Earth relative to other planets in the solar system. Large terrestrial areas are covered by carbonate lithology, which actively reacts with atmospheric/biospheric CO2. Although carbonate rocks represent a major component of the global carbon cycle, their intensity and rates of chemical weathering have been overlooked. In this study, we examine three global databases of rivers and springs draining carbonate regions under various climate conditions (from −15 °C to +30 °C). Using Ca2+ + Mg2+ concentrations as a proxy, we show that carbonate weathering intensity depends upon land temperature according to a boomerang-type relationship, with maximum dissolution between 10 and 15 °C. We show that this pattern is primarily controlled by thermodynamics if we assume that the partial pressure of CO2 in soil (pCO2) increases from atmospheric-like levels under cold climate up to 100 times the present day atmospheric concentration under hot climate. The link between soil pCO2 and land temperature is still not very well known, but by using three different published predictive soil pCO2 vs. T curves, we show that the boomerang shape can be, at least qualitatively, reproduced. This study shows that more data on carbonate weathering in various environments are needed to predict with more accuracy the role that carbonate lithologies and overlying ecosystems could play in the Anthropocene.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.009

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OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed

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Sea ice leads detection using SARAL/AltiKa altimeter (2015)

Zakharova, Elena ; Fleury, S. ; Guerreiro, K. ; [et al.]

Taylor & Francis

In: Marine Geodesy, 38 . pp. 522-533.

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Publication Date: 2016-02-23

Description: Sea ice leads play an essential role in ocean-ice-atmosphere exchange, in ocean circulation, geochemistry and in ice dynamics. Their precise detection is crucial for altimetric estimations of sea ice thickness and volume. This study evaluates the performance of the SARAL/AltiKa altimeter to detect leads and to monitor their spatio-temporal dynamics. We show that a pulse peakiness parameter (PP) used to detect leads by Envisat RA-2 and ERS-1,-2 altimeters is not suitable because of saturation of AltiKa return echoes over the leads. The signal saturation results in loss of 6–10% of PP data over sea ice. We propose a different parameter: maximal power of waveform, and define the threshold to discriminate the leads. Our algorithm can be applied from December until May. It detects well the leads of small and medium size: from 200 m to 3–4 km. So, the combination of the high-resolution altimetric estimates with low-resolution thermal infra-red or radiometric lead fraction products could enhance the capability of remote sensing to monitor sea ice fracturing.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1080/01490419.2015.1019655

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