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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method to improve the morphology and the microstructure of sputtered bismuth-substituted garnet films for optical storage is discussed. The method employs a high ramp up rate and recurrent annealing as well as quenching in an air environment, which results in smaller grain size, smoother surface, and less void volume in the garnet films than that from a conventional oven annealing. We have discovered that samples prepared with a more recurrent annealing only appeared as a single garnet phase, and the samples with a less recurrent annealing appeared as a garnet phase as well as DyFeO3 phase. We observed the microstructure of the annealed films with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By applying the new method, the as-deposited films had been successfully crystallized to the (BiDy)3(FeGa)5O12 garnet phase with the grain size of about 300–400 A(ring). They exhibited excellent magneto-optical properties with a high coercive force about 1300 Oe and an effective Kerr angle of 1.5°. The crystallization process of as-deposited amorphous films as well as the structure, composition, and magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the crystallized garnet films were examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 5007-5011 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ground-state structures of small fullerenes below C70 were determined by tight-binding molecular-dynamics total energy optimization. An efficient simulated annealing scheme was used to generate closed, hollow, spheroidal cage structures for all even-numbered carbon clusters from C20 to C70. As a general trend, fullerenes prefer geometries which separate the pentagonal rings as far apart as possible. Except for C60, C70, and C50, most fullerenes have relatively low symmetries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3403-3407 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hysteresis of composite systems consisting of nanosized ferromagnetic particles embedded in a nonmagnetic metal matrix is studied using the Monte Carlo method. In the model, the nanosized particles are assumed to be single domain and to possess random uniaxial anisotropy. The particles are well dispersed so that the interactions between them are weak and can be neglected. These particles may be superparamagnetic (unblocked) or not (blocked) depending on the temperature T, energy barrier ΔE, and measurement time τm. It is found that the hysteresis loop, which is obtained even in the absence of interparticle interactions, is mainly caused by the blocked particles as a result of the irreversible transitions between states of minimum energy. The remanence and coercivity of such systems decrease as T increases and disappear at high T. The results are in agreement with recent experimental observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5957-5961 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The switching dynamics in a pair of coupled magnetic particles is studied numerically via the Landau-Liftshitz-Gilbert form of a set of damped gyromagnetic equations. The effects of dipolar interaction between the particles, anisotropy energy, switching and a small bias field are included. Initial conditions in which the moments are parallel and antiparallel to each other are considered. The presence of a small transverse bias field and inter-particle coupling assists in the switching of a moment. Due to the complicated interplay among different factors, the switching in one particle may lead to a corresponding precession of moment in a neighboring particle. We show that different final configurations may be attained depending on the inter-particle separation and the initial configuration. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 365-369 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study the dependence of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) on the volume concentration of magnetic particles in a magnetic granular composite via a Monte Carlo method and by modeling the composite as a random resistor network. We assume the nanosized magnetic particles are spherical in shape and are randomly distributed in a square or cubic lattice. The uniaxial anisotropy of the particles and the classical dipolar interaction among the particles are taken into account. By considering the difference in electron scatterings for spin-up and spin-down conduction electrons at the magnetic and nonmagnetic interface, and the scatterings within the magnetic regions and the nonmagnetic host medium in the composite, the value of GMR is found to depend sensitively on the spatial distribution of the particles, the magnetic states of the particles, and the densities of the spin polarized conduction electrons. There is an optimum concentration (about 25% in two-dimensional and 30% in three-dimensional cases) of magnetic particles at which the magnetoresistance shows a maximum. This phenomenon was also observed in experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 335-337 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel two-beam method is proposed and applied for the first time, to characterize photorefractive damage (PRD) in a LiNbO3 quasiphase-matched (QPM) wavelength converter. In the proposed method, irradiation light from a Ti sapphire laser and a broadband probe beam from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier are coupled into a LiNbO3 QPM waveguide. The PRD effect caused by the irradiation is studied by monitoring the generated second-harmonic light spectrum of the probe light. It is shown that PRD in the LiNbO3 QPM waveguide can be qualitatively characterized by the proposed method, and relevant information relating to the QPM wavelength conversion can be extracted directly. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 27 (1988), S. 1204-1209 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1055-1062 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three wave mixing using a fiber ring resonator scheme is discussed, and experimental results are presented. In this scheme, an optical nonlinear medium is placed into the fiber ring laser cavity, and a semiconductor optical amplifier and a tunable optical band pass filter (TOBPF) are used as the gain medium and lasing wavelength selector. The phase-matching condition, which is necessary for efficient wave mixing, can easily be satisfied by tuning the TOBPF. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) were demonstrated using a LiNbO3 waveguide with a periodically domain inverted structure. Enhancements of SHG and SFG were achieved. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1554-1556 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Device length dependence of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in AlGaAs semiconductor quasiphase matched (QPM) waveguides with periodically crystal domain inverted gratings has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the SHG power depends strongly on device length. An optimum device length for obtaining maximum SHG is shown for QPM-SHG devices with non-negligible waveguide propagation loss. It is also shown that this optimum device length can be predicted theoretically, making experimental optimization unnecessary. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3203-3208 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photorefractive damage (PRD) of LiNbO3 quasiphase matched (QPM) wavelength converters is studied by a novel two-beam method, in which the second-harmonic generation (SHG) tuning curve of a broadband probe beam is monitored. The QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency, which are characterized by the peak wavelength and peak intensity of the SHG tuning curve respectively, are investigated in detail with respect to the irradiation power and irradiation time. It is found that the QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency change markedly even for low irradiation powers (〈20 mW), indicating that the PRD effect is non-negligible in LiNbO3 QPM wavelength converters intended for practical applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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