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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Direct Current Field on Powder-Pack Boriding (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 118 (Dec. 2006), p. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of direct current field (DCF) on powder-pack boriding has beeninvestigated by applying DCF between boriding agent and specimen during the soaking.Experimental results show that DCF has the function of heating the agent and the specimen and thusenhancing boriding. It is shown that the specimen’s side facing anode has the deepest boride casewhen the specimen is taken as cathode. It is proposed that DCF forces active boron-containingspecies to diffuse toward the specimen at the cathode. This makes boron concentration around thespecimen as cathode higher than that at the anode or other position and that in the conventionalpowder-pack boriding (CPB), which relatively decreases boron’s absorption by inner wall surfaceof the pack box and the non-working surface of the specimen. DCF’s physical effect of enhancingchemical reaction in the agent increases the activity and concentration of active boron atoms andboron-containing species, which overcomes the shortcoming that CPB can not produce enoughboron-containing species by conventional way of heating
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/22/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.118.167.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Hot-Dip Silicon-Aluminizing on the Anti-Carburization Behavior of High-Temperature-Resistant Steel HK40 (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 118 (Dec. 2006), p. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-temperature-resistant (HTR) austenitic steel HK40 is employed for beingsilicon-aluminized by being hot-dipped in molten aluminum and silicon alloys and diffusedsubsequently at 1200°C. The phases, microstructures and concentration for elements of interest inthe treated case are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum of x-ray (EDS). The case composes ofthree main zones: the former hot-dipped coating zone, inter-diffusion zone, and diffusion zone of Aland Si, all of which contain quite higher contents of aluminum and silicon than substrate.Pack-carburization is used for assessing the anti-carburization behavior of the treated case. Thetreated case shows excellent property in hindering the inward-diffusion of carbon, even if theformer hot-dipped coating zone spalls off with only diffusion zone left. High contents of aluminum,silicon and oxygen are still detected on surface of the silicon-aluminized specimen aftercarburization. Good anti-carburization ability of the silicon-aluminized specimen is believed mainlyto be the result of the dense and stable Al2O3 and SiO2 films formed on the surface
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/22/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.118.173.pdf
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  • 3
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    A New Taraxastane-Type Triterpene from Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 3-Oxotaraxer-14-en-30-al ( 1 ), a new taraxastane-type triterpene, together with 14 known compounds, taraxerone ( 2 ), 3-epiursolic acid ( 3 ), 2 α ,3 β -dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid ( 4 ), lupeol ( 5 ), betulinic acid ( 6 ), casticin ( 7 ), artemetin ( 8 ), luteolin ( 9 ), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ( 10 ), docosanoic acid ( 11 ), tetracosanoic acid ( 12 ), cerotic acid ( 13 ), β -sitosterol ( 14 ), and β -daucosterol ( 15 ), was isolated from the leaves and twigs of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia . Compounds 2 – 6 were found for the first time in this plant. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D-NMR techniques. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 3 , and 5 – 10 were tested on the three cancer cell lines, PANC-1, K562, and BxPC-3. Results revealed that 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against PANC-1, K562, and BxPC-3, with IC 50 values of 4.67, 0.72, and 4.01 μg/ml, respectively, whereas 8 was inactive against these cancer cell lines. The structure activity relationship of compound 7 and 8 indicated that the 3′-OH group in polymethoxyflavonoids is essential for antitumor activity.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    North Atlantic oscillation controls multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic−Pacific connection (2023)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: By exciting subtropical teleconnections, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) during boreal spring can trigger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following boreal winter, thereby providing a precursor for ENSO predictability. However, this NTA−ENSO connection is not stationary, and it varies considerably over multidecadal timescales, which cannot be directly explained by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation or the global warming trend. Here we show that multidecadal changes in the NTA−ENSO connection are principally controlled by multidecadal variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the positive phase of the NAO, the amplification of the NTA impact on ENSO mainly arises from strengthening of the boreal spring mean precipitation over the equatorial Atlantic and enhancement of the persistence of NTA SST anomalies, which enhance the NTA influence by exciting stronger and more persistent subtropical teleconnections. Our findings show that multidecadal variability of the NAO is key to understanding the impacts of the NTA SST on the tropical Pacific Ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Semiconducting ZnSnN2 thin films for Si/ZnSnN2 p-n junctions (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: ZnSnN 2 is regarded as a promising photovoltaic absorber candidate due to earth-abundance, non-toxicity, and high absorption coefficient. However, it is still a great challenge to synthesize ZnSnN 2 films with a low electron concentration, in order to promote the applications of ZnSnN 2 as the core active layer in optoelectronic devices. In this work, polycrystalline and high resistance ZnSnN 2 films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering technique, then semiconducting films were achieved after post-annealing, and finally Si/ZnSnN 2 p-n junctions were constructed. The electron concentration and Hall mobility were enhanced from 2.77 × 10 17 to 6.78 × 10 17  cm −3 and from 0.37 to 2.07 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , corresponding to the annealing temperature from 200 to 350 °C. After annealing at 300 °C, the p-n junction exhibited the optimum rectifying characteristics, with a forward-to-reverse ratio over 10 3 . The achievement of this ZnSnN 2 -based p-n junction makes an opening step forward to realize the practical application of the ZnSnN 2 material. In addition, the nonideal behaviors of the p-n junctions under both positive and negative voltages are discussed, in hope of suggesting some ideas to further improve the rectifying characteristics.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Choice of Surgical Procedure for Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 1 to 2 cm Among Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, and Wedge Resection: A Population-Based Study [Thoracic Oncology] (2016)
    The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: Purpose According to the lung cancer staging project, T1a (≤ 2 cm) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be additionally classified into ≤ 1 cm and 〉 1 to 2 cm groups. This study aimed to investigate the surgical procedure for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and 〉 1 to 2 cm. Methods We identified 15,760 patients with T1aN0M0 NSCLC after surgery from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer–specific survival (LCSS) were compared among patients after lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection. The proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate multiple prognostic factors. Results OS and LCSS favored lobectomy compared with segmentectomy or wedge resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and 〉 1 to 2 cm. Multivariable analysis showed that segmentectomy and wedge resection were independently associated with poorer OS and LCSS than lobectomy for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and 〉 1 to 2 cm. With sublobar resection, lower OS and LCSS emerged for NSCLC 〉 1 to 2 cm after wedge resection, whereas similar survivals were observed for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm. Multivariable analyses showed that wedge resection is an independent risk factor of survival for NSCLC 〉 1 to 2 cm but not for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm. Conclusion Lobectomy showed better survival than sublobar resection for patients with NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and 〉 1 to 2 cm. For patients in whom lobectomy is unsuitable, segmentectomy should be recommended for NSCLC 〉 1 to 2 cm, whereas surgeons could rely on surgical skills and the patient profile to decide between segmentectomy and wedge resection for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm.
    Keywords: Surgical Oncology, Surgery
    Print ISSN: 0732-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-7755
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
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  • 7
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    5-Azacytidine specifically inhibits the NIH-3T3 PCD process induced by TNF-alpha and cycloheximide via affecting BCL-XL (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-05
    Description: DNA methylation plays a crucial role in lots of biological processes and cancer. 5-azacytidine (5-AC), a DNA methylation inhibitor, has been used as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. In this study, we used 5-AC treatment to investigate whether DNA methylation was involved in regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells which could undergo PCD after treatment with TNF-α and cycloheximide (CHX). The results showed that the genomic DNA of NIH-3T3 cells was hypermethylated during PCD induced by TNF-α and CHX, and 5-AC might prevent this PCD process. However, treatment with the other three DNA methylation inhibitors, 5-aza-deoxycytidine, 6-thioguanine and RG108, did not interfere with the NIH-3T3 cell PCD process. Additionally, knockdown of DNMT1 did not affect the apoptosis process. The present results and observations indicated that 5-AC specifically inhibited the NIH-3T3 apoptosis process via a genomic DNA methylation-independent pathway. During the TNF-α and CHX-inducing apoptosis process, the PCD related BCL-2 family proteins were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, after the small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of BCL-XL, one of the BCL-2 family proteins, 5-AC did not inhibit the apoptosis process, suggesting that 5-AC inhibited the PCD process induced by TNF-α and CHX by affecting the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Carbon nanotube light sensors with linear dynamic range of over 120 dB (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-19
    Description: We show that a carbon nanotube (CNT) diode fabricated by asymmetric contacts shows a linear photocurrent in response to illumination for over six decades or dynamic range of 120 dB; in particular, it shows no sign of degradation under illumination intensity of up to 100 kW/cm 2 . This CNT diode also exhibits a continued response for incident wavelength from 1165 nm to 2100 nm, promising potentials applications in robust and wide bandwidth light sensing.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    The alteration of protein prenylation induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through Rheb/mTORC1 signaling and leads to chronic heart failure (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-12
    Description: G protein-regulated cell function is crucial for cardiomyocytes, and any deregulation of its gene expression or protein modification can lead to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Herein, we report that protein prenylation, a lipidic modification of G proteins that facilitates their association with the cell membrane, might control the process of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We found that geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), a key enzyme involved in protein prenylation, played a critical role in the postnatal heart growth through regulating the cardiomyocyte size. Cardiac-specific knockout of GGPPS in mice led to spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy beginning from 4 th week, accompanied with the persistent enlargement of cardiomyocytes. This hypertrophic effect occurred by altered prenylation of G proteins. Evaluation of the prenylation, membrane association and hydrophobicity showed that Rheb was hyperactivated and increased mTORC1 signaling pathway after GGPPS deletion. Protein farnesylation or mTORC1 inhibition blocked GGPPS knockdown-induced mTORC1 activation and suppressed the larger neonatal rat ventricle myocyte size and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo , demonstrating a central role of FPP/Rheb/mTORC1 axis for GGPPS deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The sustained cardiomyocyte hypertrophy progressively provoked cardiac decompensation and dysfunction, ultimately causing heart failure and adult death. Importantly, GGPPS was downregulated in the hypertrophic hearts of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and in the failing human hearts. Moreover, HPLC-MS/MS detection revealed that myocardial farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) ratio was enhanced after pressure overload. Our observations conclude that the alteration of protein prenylation promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth, which acts as a potential cause for pathogenesis of heart failure and may provide a new molecular target for hypertrophic heart disease clinical therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3417
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9896
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    A POD-based reduced-order FD extrapolating algorithm for traffic flow (2014)
    SpringerOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-15
    Description: A traffic flow Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model is studied by means of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique. A POD-based reduced-order finite difference (FD) extrapolating algorithm (FDEA) with lower dimension and fully second-order accuracy is established. Two numerical experiments are used to show that the POD reduced-order FDEA is feasible and efficient for finding numerical solutions of traffic flow LWR model.MSC: 76M20, 65M12, 65M15.
    Print ISSN: 1687-1839
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-1847
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by SpringerOpen
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