Schlagwort(e):
Recycling industry.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy: this volume is the first to explore these practices in the Roman economy, drawing on a variety of methodological approaches and new scientific developments in a wide-ranging interdisciplinary study.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (507 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780192604873
Serie:
Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6351939
DDC:
363.7282093763
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Cover -- Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Recycling and Reuse in the Roman economy -- The Organisation of this Volume -- Reusing Commodities, Transforming Meaning -- Chemical Data and Material Flows -- Site Formation, Visibility, and Temporality of Recycling -- Where Next? -- References -- Chapter 2: Recycling in the Roman World: Concepts, Questions, Materials, and Organization -- Introduction -- Basic Concepts and Terms -- Questions Regarding Recycling -- The Evidence for Recycling in the Roman World -- Roman Practices of Refuse Discard -- What Did the Romans Recycle? -- Construction Materials -- Glass Craft Goods -- Pottery and Other Ceramic Craft Goods -- Metal Craft Goods -- Leather Craft Goods -- Textile Craft Goods -- Papyrus -- Furniture -- Water Craft -- Wheeled Vehicles -- Animal Bone -- Murex Shell -- Organic Ash -- Slag -- Excrement -- Urine -- Pomace -- General Refuse -- How Did the Romans Recycle? -- Construction Materials -- Glass Craft Goods -- Metal Craft Goods and Other Metal -- Textile Craft Goods -- Water Craft -- Animal Bone -- Human Excrement -- Human and Animal Urine -- Pomace -- Town-Based Waste Pickers -- Rural Peddlers/Recyclate Collectors -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Reusing Commodities, Transforming Meaning -- Chapter 3: The Reuse of Textiles in the Roman World -- Introduction -- Manufacture -- Primary Use -- Maintenance -- Patching -- Repairing Edges -- Primary Reuse -- Secondary Reuse -- Discard -- Clothing Shortages -- Cost of Clothing -- Closing Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4: Reuse and Recycling of Papyrus -- Introduction -- Papyrus as a Writing Material -- Reuse of Outdated Papyri -- Recycling Papyri for Purposes Other than Writing.
,
Was Papyrus Expensive? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Reuse of Statuary and the Recycling Habit of Late Antiquity: An Economic Perspective -- Introduction -- Definitions, Forms, and Approaches -- Agents and Ownership -- Organization and Technology -- Reuse-Recycling and Economic Growth -- Markets for Reused and Recycled Materials -- Institutional Stimuli and Economic Policy -- Scale and Shifting Economic Perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- Chapter 6: An Inconvenient Truth: Evaluating the Impact of Amphora Reuse through Computational Simulation Modelling -- Introduction -- Defining Amphora Reuse -- Processes of Amphora Reuse -- Evidence of Amphora Reuse -- Residue Analyses -- Computational Simulation Modelling -- Advantages -- Challenges -- Case-Study: Abstract Computational Experiments of Roman Amphora Reuse -- Africana 1 Amphorae -- Tested Amphora Reuse Theories and Experiments -- Model Overview -- Initialization Procedures and Input Data -- Experiment Results -- Experiment 1: No Reuse -- Experiment 2: Very Frequent Reuse -- Experiment 3: 38 per cent Reuse -- Experiment 4: 18 per cent Reuse -- Experiment 5: 100 per cent Reuse Selection at Ports -- Experiment 6: 50 per cent Reuse Selection at Ports -- Summary and Interpretation of Experiment Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Chemical Data and Material Flows -- Chapter 7: Modelling Roman Concepts of Copper-Alloy Recycling and Mutability: The Chemical Characterization Hypothesis and Roman Britain -- Introduction -- Current Top-Down Models of Metal Recycling -- Building a New Characterization Hypothesis for Chemical Datasets -- The Application of Process and Physical Chemistry Experiments -- Identifying and Interpreting Relative rather than Absolute Chemical Patterns -- Unpacking the Recycling Box: Modes of Manipulation.
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Examples of Various Roman Recycling and Metal Manipulation Processes -- The Minor Element Character of Roman and Post-Roman Gunmetals -- Modelling the Alloy Distribution in Gunmetals -- The Production and Manipulation of Coins -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8: Recycling and Roman Silver Coinage -- Introduction -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9: Elements, Isotopes, and Glass Recycling -- Introduction -- Provenancing Glass -- Glass Recycling: A Chemical Tracer? -- Primary Glass and Isotope Mixing Lines -- Recycling in the Roman Glass Economy -- Pb Isotopes and Glass Recycling: A Future Prospect -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10: Seeking the Invisible: New Approaches to Roman Glass Recycling -- Introduction -- On Glass Recycling -- Roman Glass Recycling -- Glass Recycling in Literature and History -- Archaeological Evidence for Glass Recycling -- Shipwrecks -- Cullet Dumps -- Other Types of Site -- The Chemistry of Recycling -- Recognizing Recycling -- Redressing the Balance -- Aims and Alterations -- Modelling Large-Scale Change -- Recycling Markers -- The Recycling Chain -- Modelling the Recycling of a Cullet Dump -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Database Publications -- Part III: Site Formation, Visibility, and Temporality of Recycling -- Chapter 11: A Regional Economy of Recycling over Four Centuries at Spolverino (Tuscany) and Environs -- Introduction -- The Settlement: Metal Recycling -- Period 2: Lead and Iron Workshop -- Period 2: Lead Workshop -- Period 3: Larger Metal Workshop -- The Settlement: Marble Recycling? -- The Settlement: Glass Recycling -- Recycling in the ager Rusellanus -- Economies in Transition? -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12: The Organized Recycling of Roman Villa Sites -- Introduction.
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Site Chronology -- Small-Scale Recycling: San Pietro di Tolve, Basilicata -- Reconstruction Recycling: Monte Gelato, Lazio -- Highly Skilled Recycling for Craft Production: Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi, Tuscany -- Cost-Saving versus Profit-Driven Models -- Rivers and Recycling -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13: Old Buildings, Building Material, and the Death of Recycling in Post-Roman Britain -- Introduction -- Organized and Skilled Reuse -- Loss of Skills: The Evidence from Flooring -- Loss of Masonry Skills -- Scavenging -- Mend and Make-Do -- Networks of Skills -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Reuse of Roman Artefacts in Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval West: A Case Study from Britain of Bracelets and Belt Fittings -- Introduction -- Defining Object Reuse -- Questions of Value -- Reuse in Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval West -- Case Study -- Reuse of Quoit Brooch Style Belt Fittings -- Interpreting the Evidence -- Curation of Artefacts in their Original Form -- Artefacts with More Significant Modifications -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Where Next? -- Chapter 15: When the Statue is both Marble and Lime -- Recycling and Reuse in the chaîne opératoire -- Scales and Methods of Analysis -- Labour, Organization, Knowledge, and Skills -- Value -- …So What? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.
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