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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report and preliminary results of RV Poseidon cruise P451-2 : practical training cruise "From cruise organisation to marine geological sampling" ; shipboard training for PhD students on RV Poseidon in the gulf of Cádiz, Spain ; Portimão - Lisbon, 24 April - 01 May 2013 (2013)
    Bremen : MARUM
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem MARUM und dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen 294
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00103237-17
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00103237-17
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Cold-water coral growth in the Alboran Sea related to high productivity during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 339 . pp. 71-82.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Highlights: • First insight into the long-term development of cold-water corals in the Alboran Sea • Extensive cold-water coral growth in the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene • Periods of cold-water corals growth are linked to enhanced marine productivity. Abstract: Cold-water corals are common along the Moroccan continental margin off Melilla in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea), where they colonise and largely cover mound and ridge structures. Radiocarbon ages of the reef-forming coral species Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata sampled from those structures, reveal that they were prolific in this area during the last glacial–interglacial transition with pronounced growth periods covering the Bølling–Allerød interstadial (13.5–12.8 ka BP) and the Early Holocene (11.3–9.8 ka BP). Their proliferation during these periods is expressed in vertical accumulation rates for an individual coral ridge of 266–419 cm ka− 1 that consists of coral fragments embedded in a hemipelagic sediment matrix. Following a period of coral absence, as noted in the records, cold-water corals re-colonised the area during the Mid-Holocene (5.4 ka BP) and underwater photographs indicate that corals currently thrive there. It appears that periods of sustained cold-water coral growth in the Melilla Coral Province were closely linked to phases of high marine productivity. The increased productivity was related to the deglacial formation of the most recent organic rich layer in the western Mediterranean Sea and to the development of modern circulation patterns in the Alboran Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.04.009
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Sedimentation patterns on a cold-water coral mound off Mauritania (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 99 . pp. 307-315.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Highlights: • Cold-water coral mound formation is mainly influenced by the baffling of fine grained material within a coral framework. • Mass wasting appears to be an important mound progradation process. • Even heavily reworked sediments contain valuable information on the original mound aggradation processes. Abstract: An unconformity-bound glacial sequence (135 cm thick) of a coral-bearing sediment core collected from the flank of a cold-water coral mound in the Banda Mound Province off Mauritania was analysed. In order to study the relation between coral framework growth and its filling by hemipelagic sediments, U-series dates obtained from the cold-water coral species Lophelia pertusa were compared to 14C dates of planktonic foraminifera of the surrounding matrix sediments. The coral ages, ranging from 45.1 to 32.3 ka BP, exhibit no clear depositional trend, while on the other hand the 14C dates of the matrix sediment provide ages within a much narrower time window of 〈3000 yrs (34.6–31.8 cal ka BP), corresponding to the latest phase of the coral growth period. In addition, high-resolution computer tomography data revealed a subdivision of the investigated sediment package into three distinct parts, defined by the portion and fragmentation of corals and associated macrofauna as well as in the density of the matrix sediments. Grain size spectra obtained on the matrix sediments show a homogeneous pattern throughout the core sediment package, with minor variations. These features are interpreted as indicators of redeposition. Based on the observed structures and the dating results, the sediments were interpreted as deposits of a mass wasting event, namely a debris flow. During this event, the sediment unit must have been entirely mixed; resulting in averaging of the foraminifera ages from the whole unit and giving randomly distributed coral ages. In this context, for the first time mass wasting is proposed to be a substantial process of mound progradation by exporting material from the mound top to the flanks. Hence, it may not only be an erosional feature but also widening the base of the mound, thus allowing further vertical mound growth.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Glacial cold-water coral growth in the Gulf of Cádiz: Implications of increased palaeo-productivity (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298 (3-4). pp. 405-416.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: A set of 40 Uranium-series datings obtained on the reef-forming scleractinian cold-water corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata revealed that during the past 400 kyr their occurrence in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) was almost exclusively restricted to glacial periods. This result strengthens the outcomes of former studies that coral growth in the temperate NE Atlantic encompassing the French, Iberian and Moroccan margins dominated during glacial periods, whereas in the higher latitudes (Irish and Norwegian margins) extended coral growth prevailed during interglacial periods. Thus it appears that the biogeographical limits for sustained cold-water coral growth along the NE Atlantic margin are strongly related to climate change. By focussing on the last glacial-interglacial cycle, this study shows that palaeo-productivity was increased during the last glacial. This was likely driven by the fertilisation effect of an increased input of aeolian dust and locally intensified upwelling. After the Younger Dryas cold event, the input of aeolian dust and productivity significantly decreased concurrent with an increase in water temperatures in the GoC. This primarily resulted in reduced food availability and caused a widespread demise of the formerly thriving coral ecosystems. Moreover, these climate induced changes most likely caused a latitudinal shift of areas with optimum coral growth conditions towards the northern NE Atlantic where more suitable environmental conditions established with the onset of the Holocene.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.08.017
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of Mediterranean cold-water corals (Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata) during the past 14,000 years (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 103 . pp. 37-48.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Highlights: • Basin-wide assessment of Lophelia and Madrepora since the last glacial. • Corals were most prolific during the Younger Dryas in the eastern Mediterranean. • Lophelia was most prolific during the deglaciation and Early Holocene in the Alboran Sea. • Temporary decline of Lophelia in the Alboran Sea during the Younger Dryas. • Mediterranean cold-water corals are related to high productivity conditions. • Link between cold-water corals and intensified intermediate water mass circulation. Abstract: This study presents newly obtained coral ages of the cold-water corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata collected in the Alboran Sea and the Strait of Sicily (Urania Bank). These data were combined with all available Mediterranean Lophelia and Madrepora ages compiled from literature to conduct a basin-wide assessment of the spatial and temporal occurrence of these prominent framework-forming scleractinian species in the Mediterranean realm and to unravel the palaeo-environmental conditions that controlled their proliferation or decline. For the first time special focus was placed on a closer examination of potential differences occurring between the eastern and western Mediterranean sub-basins. Our results clearly demonstrate that cold-water corals occurred sparsely in the entire Mediterranean during the last glacial before becoming abundant during the Bølling-Allerød warm interval, pointing to a basin-wide, almost concurrent onset in (re-)colonisation after ~13.5 ka. This time coincides with a peak in meltwater discharge originating from the northern Mediterranean borderlands which caused a major reorganisation of the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. During the Younger Dryas and Holocene, some striking differences in coral proliferation were identified between the sub-basins such as periods of highly prolific coral growth in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Younger Dryas and in the western basin during the Early Holocene, whereas a temporary pronounced coral decline during the Younger Dryas was exclusively affecting coral sites in the Alboran Sea. Comparison with environmental and oceanographic data revealed that the proliferation of the Mediterranean corals is linked with enhanced productivity conditions. Moreover, corals thrived in intermediate depths and showed a close relationship with intermediate water mass circulation in the Mediterranean sub-basins. For instance, reduced Levantine Intermediate Water formation hampered coral growth in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during sapropel S1 event as reduced Winter Intermediate Water formation did in the westernmost part of the Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) during the Mid-Holocene. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates the importance to consider region-specific environmental changes as well as species-specific environmental preferences in interpreting coral chronologies. Moreover, it highlights that the occurrence or decline of cold-water corals is not controlled by one key parameter but rather by a complex interplay of various environmental variables.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.05.006
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Review of the Central and South Atlantic Shelf and Deep-Sea Benthos: Science, Policy, and Management (2023)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-21
    Description: The Central and South Atlantic represents a vast ocean area and is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and species. Nevertheless, and similar to the rest of the global south, the area is comparatively understudied yet exposed to increasing levels of multisectoral pressures. To counteract this, the level of scientific exploration in the Central and South Atlantic has increased in recent years and will likely continue to do so within the context of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Here, we compile the literature to investigate the distribution of previous scientific exploration of offshore (30 m+) ecosystems in the Central and South Atlantic, both within and beyond national jurisdiction, allowing us to synthesise overall patterns of biodiversity. Furthermore, through the lens of sustainable management, we have reviewed the existing anthropogenic activities and associated management measures relevant to the region. Through this exercise, we have identified key knowledge gaps and undersampled regions that represent priority areas for future research and commented on how these may be best incorporated into, or enhanced through, future management measures such as those in discussion at the UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction negotiations. This review represents a comprehensive summary for scientists and managers alike looking to understand the key topographical, biological, and legislative features of the Central and South Atlantic.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 7
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    Cold-water coral reefs thriving under hypoxia (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Reefs formed by scleractinian cold-water corals represent unique biodiversity hot spots in the deep sea, preferring aphotic water depths of 200–1000 m. The distribution of the most prominent reef-building species Lophelia pertusa is controlled by various environmental factors including dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperature. Consequently, the expected ocean deoxygenation and warming triggered by human-induced global change are considered as a serious threat to cold-water coral reefs. Here, we present results on recently discovered reefs in the SE Atlantic, where L. pertusa thrives in hypoxic and rather warm waters. This sheds new light on its capability to adapt to extreme conditions, which is facilitated by high surface ocean productivity, resulting in extensive food supply. Putting our data in an Atlantic-wide perspective clearly demonstrates L. pertusa’s ability to develop population-specific adaptations, which are up to now hardly considered in assessing its present and future distributions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Deglacial upslope shift of NE Atlantic intermediate waters controlled slope erosion and cold-water coral mound formation (Porcupine Seabight, Irish margin) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Highlights • Holocene cold-water coral mound formation started non-synchronous in Belgica province. • Coral mounds and slope sediments record changes in intermediate water mass dynamics. • Increased turbulent bottom currents steered slope erosion and mound formation. • Internal waves at the ENAW-MOW boundary enhance energy supply and particle flux. • Transition zone between the ENAW-MOW shifted 250 m upslope during the last deglacial. Abstract Turbulent bottom currents significantly influence the formation of cold-water coral mounds and sedimentation processes on continental slopes. Combining records from coral mounds and adjacent slope sediments therefore provide an unprecedented palaeo-archive to understand past variations of intermediate water-mass dynamics. Here, we present coral ages from coral mounds of the Belgica province (Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic), which indicate a non-synchronous Holocene re-activation in mound formation suggested by a temporal offset of ∼2.7 kyr between the deep (start: ∼11.3 ka BP at 950 m depth) and shallow (start: ∼8.6 ka BP at 700 m depth) mounds. A similar depth-dependent pattern is revealed in the slope sediments close to these mounds that become progressively younger from 22.1 ka BP at 990 m to 12.2 ka BP at 740 m depth (based on core-top ages). We suggest that the observed changes are the consequence of enhanced bottom-water hydrodynamics, caused by internal waves associated to the re-invigoration of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) and the development of a transition zone (TZ) between the MOW and the overlying Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW), which established during the last deglacial. These highly energetic conditions induced erosion adjacent to the Belgica mounds and supported the re-initiation of mound formation by increasing food and sediment fluxes. The striking depth-dependent patterns are likely linked to a shift of the ENAW-MOW-TZ, moving the level of maximum energy ∼250 m upslope since the onset of the last deglaciation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Environmental factors influencing benthic communities in the oxygen minimum zones on the Angolan and Namibian margins (2019)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 16 (22). pp. 4337-4356.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Thriving benthic communities were observed in the oxygen minimum zones along the southwestern African margin. On the Namibian margin, fossil cold-water coral mounds were overgrown by sponges and bryozoans, while the Angolan margin was characterized by cold-water coral mounds covered by a living coral reef. To explore why benthic communities differ in both areas, present-day environmental conditions were assessed, using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) transects and bottom landers to investigate spatial and temporal variations of environmental properties. Near-bottom measurements recorded low dissolved oxygen concentrations on the Namibian margin of 0–0.15 mL L−1 (≜0 %–9 % saturation) and on the Angolan margin of 0.5–1.5 mL L−1 (≜7 %–18 % saturation), which were associated with relatively high temperatures (11.8–13.2 ∘C and 6.4–12.6 ∘C, respectively). Semidiurnal barotropic tides were found to interact with the margin topography producing internal waves. These tidal movements deliver water with more suitable characteristics to the benthic communities from below and above the zone of low oxygen. Concurrently, the delivery of a high quantity and quality of organic matter was observed, being an important food source for the benthic fauna. On the Namibian margin, organic matter originated directly from the surface productive zone, whereas on the Angolan margin the geochemical signature of organic matter suggested an additional mechanism of food supply. A nepheloid layer observed above the cold-water corals may constitute a reservoir of organic matter, facilitating a constant supply of food particles by tidal mixing. Our data suggest that the benthic fauna on the Namibian margin, as well as the cold-water coral communities on the Angolan margin, may compensate for unfavorable conditions of low oxygen levels and high temperatures with enhanced availability of food, while anoxic conditions on the Namibian margin are at present a limiting factor for cold-water coral growth. This study provides an example of how benthic ecosystems cope with such extreme environmental conditions since it is expected that oxygen minimum zones will expand in the future due to anthropogenic activities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-4337-2019
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Mid-Holocene extinction of cold-water corals on the Namibian shelf steered by the Benguela oxygen minimum zone (2019)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 47 (12). pp. 1185-1188.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: An exceptionally large cold-water coral mound province (CMP) was recently discovered extending over 80 km along the Namibian shelf (offshore southwestern Africa) in water depths of 160-270 m. This hitherto unknown CMP comprises 〉2000 mounds with heights of up to 20 m and constitutes the largest CMP known from the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Uranium-series dating revealed a short but intense pulse in mound formation during the early to mid-Holocene. Coral proliferation during this period was potentially supported by slightly enhanced dissolved oxygen concentrations compared to the present Benguela oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The subsequent mid-Holocene strengthening of the Benguela Upwelling System and a simultaneous northward migration of the Angola-Benguela Front resulted in an intensification of the OMZ that caused the sudden local extinction of the Namibian corals and prevented their reoccurrence until today.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/G46672.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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