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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Keywords: Floods. ; Droughts. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (355 pages)
    ISBN: 9781119427209
    Series Statement: Geophysical Monograph Series
    DDC: 363.34929
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Remote Sensing for Global Drought and Flood Observations -- Chapter 1 Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Remote Sensing of Drought -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. PROGRESS IN REMOTE SENSING OF DRIVERS OF DROUGHT -- 1.3. MULTI-INDICATOR DROUGHT MODELING -- 1.4. DROUGHT AND HEATWAVES FEEDBACKS -- 1.5. REMAINING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- 1.6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration for Global Drought Monitoring -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ET REMOTE SENSING STUDIES AND ET DATA PRODUCTS -- 2.3. ESTIMATING ET AND MONITORING DROUGHT WITH GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE THERMAL OBSERVATIONS -- 2.4. DROUGHT MONITORING PRODUCT SYSTEM BASED ON ET REMOTE SENSING -- 2.5. COMBINING ET REMOTE SENSING WITH MICROWAVE SOIL MOISTURE DATA FOR DROUGHT MONITORING -- 2.6. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Drought Monitoring Using Reservoir Data Collected via Satellite Remote Sensing -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. DROUGHT MONITORING USING REMOTELY SENSED RESERVOIR DATA -- 3.3. ADOPTING REMOTELY SENSED RESERVOIR DATA TO SUPPORT DROUGHT MODELING APPLICATIONS -- 3.4. FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 3.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Automatic Near-Real-Time Flood Mapping from Geostationary Low Earth Orbiting Satellite Observations -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. DATA USED -- 4.3. METHODS -- 4.4. APPLICATIONS -- 4.5. VALIDATION -- 4.6. DISCUSSION -- 4.7. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Global Flood Observation with Multiple Satellites: Applications in Rio Salado (Argentina) and the Eastern Nile Basin -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION: THE STATE OF THE SCIENCE AND NEED FOR GLOBAL SATELLITE FLOOD MAPPING -- 5.2. METHODS FOR GLOBAL FLOOD OBSERVATION. , 5.3. WATERSHED CASE STUDIES: ARGENTINA AND THE EASTERN NILE REGION -- 5.4. RESULTS FROM FLOOD MAPPING IN CASE STUDIES -- 5.5. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR THE UTILITY OF SATELLITE FLOOD-EVENT DATA -- 5.6. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Integrating Earth Observation Data of Floods with Large-Scale Hydrodynamic Models -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. EARTH OBSERVATION FLOOD DATA -- 6.3. INTEGRATION OF EO DATA AND FLOOD MODELS -- 6.4. OUTLOOK -- 6.5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Part II Modeling and Prediction of Global Drought and Flood -- Chapter 7 Global Integrated Drought Monitoring with a Multivariate Framework -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. METHOD -- 7.3. DATA -- 7.4. RESULTS -- 7.5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 A Probabilistic Framework for Agricultural Drought Forecasting Using the Ensemble Data Assimilation and Bayesian Multivariate Modeling -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. REVIEW OF CURRENT DROUGHT FORECASTING SYSTEMS -- 8.3. THE PROPOSED COUPLED DYNAMICAL-STATISTICAL DROUGHT FORECASTING SYSTEM -- 8.4. CASE STUDIES -- 8.5. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Integrating Soil Moisture Active/Passive Observations with Rainfall Data Using an Analytic Model for Drought Monitoring at the Continental Scale -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. DATA AND METHOD -- 9.3. RESULTS -- 9.4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Global Flood Models -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10.2. TYPES OF GFM AND SPECIFIC EXAMPLES -- 10.3. APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL FLOOD MODELS -- 10.4. INSURANCE CATASTROPHE MODELS -- 10.5. GFM CREDIBILITY -- 10.6. THE FUTURE OF GFMS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Calibration of Global Flood Models: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL MODEL CALIBRATION. , 11.3. MAIN CHALLENGES OF CALIBRATING GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELS -- 11.4. EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES -- 11.5. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Digital Elevation Model and Drainage Network Data Sets for Global Flood and Drought Modeling -- 12.1. INTRODUCTION -- 12.2. GLOBAL BASELINE DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELING -- 12.3. GLOBAL HYDROGRAPHY DATA SETS -- 12.4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- 12.5. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Fundamental Data Set for Global Drought and Flood Modeling: Land Use and Land Cover -- 13.1. INTRODUCTION -- 13.2. GLOBAL LAND COVER DATA SETS -- 13.3. DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Part III Global Drought and Flood Risk Assessment, Management, and Socioeconomic Response -- Chapter 14 Global River Flood Risk Under Climate Change -- 14.1. INTRODUCTION -- 14.2. MODELING GLOBAL RIVER FLOOD RISK: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND METHODS -- 14.3. THE GLOFRIS MODELING FRAMEWORK -- 14.4. CAMA-FLOOD AND ISIMIP MODELING FRAMEWORKS -- 14.5. THE GAR-2015 FLOOD RISK FRAMEWORK -- 14.6. THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE MODEL -- 14.7. OTHER FLOOD RISK MODELS -- 14.8. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Direct Tangible Damage Classification and Exposure Analysis Using Satellite Images and Media Data -- 15.1. INTRODUCTION -- 15.2. DATA AND STUDY SITE -- 15.3. METHOD -- 15.4. RESULTS -- 15.5. DISCUSSION -- 15.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Flood Risk and Monitoring Data for Preparedness and Response: From Availability to Use -- 16.1. INTRODUCTION -- 16.2. CHALLENGES IN UNDERSTANDING AND TRUSTING FLOOD DATA -- 16.3. TWO CASE STUDIES FRAMING THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN FLOOD DATA DEVELOPERS AND DECISION MAKERS -- 16.4. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON THEMES FOUND IN THE QUESTIONS ASKED WITHIN THE CASE STUDIES -- 16.5. SUGGESTED OPPORTUNITIES TO MOVE TOWARDS NARROWING THE GAP -- 16.6. CONCLUSION. , ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 Global Flood Partnership* -- 17.1. INTRODUCTION -- 17.2. MODELS AND PRODUCTS -- 17.3. GFP ACTIVATIONS -- 17.4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 Drought and Flood Monitoring and Forecasting: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead -- 18.1. REMOTE SENSING FOR DROUGHT AND FLOOD MODELING -- 18.2. DROUGHT AND FLOOD MODELING -- 18.3. RISK ANALYSIS AND COLLABORATION -- 18.4. PERSPECTIVE -- Index -- EULA.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiolabeled human β2-microglobulin (β2m) can bind to mouse histocompatibility (H-2) antigens on the cell surface or to partially purified H-2 antigens in solution. The complexes containing human β2m and H-2 antigens from C3H (H-2k) mice could be immunoprecipitated specifically with alloantisera, rabbit anti-H-2 xenoantisera, and with monoclonal H-2-specific antibodies. Specific association with H-2 antigens was also observed with other haplotypes. The only exception was B10.D2 (H-2 d ) from which complexes containing human β2M could only be precipitated with anti-H-2 xenosera. Thus radiolabeled human β2M can be used as a specific label for mouse H-2 antigens in precipitation and radioimmunoassays. The application of this finding extends to major histocompatibility complex antigens of other species, and to differentiation antigens with primary association with β2m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-09-18
    Description: We investigate hydrology during a past climate slightly warmer than the present: the Last Interglacial (LIG). With daily output of pre‐industrial and LIG simulations from eight new climate models we force hydrological model PCR‐GLOBWB, and in turn hydrodynamic model CaMa‐Flood. Compared to pre‐industrial, annual mean LIG runoff, discharge, and 100‐year flood volume are considerably larger in the Northern Hemisphere, by 14%, 25% and 82%, respectively. Anomalies are negative in the Southern Hemisphere. In some boreal regions, LIG runoff and discharge are lower despite higher precipitation, due the higher temperatures and evaporation. LIG discharge is much higher for the Niger, Congo, Nile, Ganges, Irrawaddy, Pearl, and lower for the Mississippi, Saint Lawrence, Amazon, Paraná, Orange, Zambesi, Danube, Ob. Discharge is seasonally postponed in tropical rivers affected by monsoon changes. Results agree with published proxies on the sign of discharge anomaly in 15 of 23 sites where comparison is possible.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-11-25
    Description: The last extended time period when climate may have been warmer than today was during the Last Interglacial (LIG; ca. 129 to 120 thousand years ago). However, a global view of LIG precipitation is lacking. Here, seven new LIG climate models are compared to the first global database of proxies for LIG precipitation. In this way, models are assessed in their ability to capture important hydroclimatic processes during a different climate. The models can reproduce the proxy-based positive precipitation anomalies from the preindustrial period over much of the boreal continents. Over the Southern Hemisphere, proxy-model agreement is partial. In models, LIG boreal monsoons have 42% wider area than in the preindustrial and produce 55% more precipitation and 50% more extreme precipitation. Austral monsoons are weaker. The mechanisms behind these changes are consistent with stronger summer radiative forcing over boreal high latitudes and with the associated higher temperatures during the LIG.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-09-02
    Description: Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally, yet their impacts are still increasing. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, 10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The last extended time period when climate may have been warmer than today was during the Last Interglacial (LIG; ca. 129 to 120 thousand years ago). However, a global view of LIG precipitation is lacking. Here, seven new LIG climate models are compared to the first global database of proxies for LIG precipitation. In this way, models are assessed in their ability to capture important hydroclimatic processes during a different climate. The models can reproduce the proxy-based positive precipitation anomalies from the preindustrial period over much of the boreal continents. Over the Southern Hemisphere, proxy-model agreement is partial. In models, LIG boreal monsoons have 42% wider area than in the preindustrial and produce 55% more precipitation and 50% more extreme precipitation. Austral monsoons are weaker. The mechanisms behind these changes are consistent with stronger summer radiative forcing over boreal high latitudes and with the associated higher temperatures during the LIG.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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