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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Over 400 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) died and many others displayed signs of neurological dysfunction along the central California coast during May and June 1998. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (diatom) was observed in the Monterey Bay region during the same period. ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bivalve molluscs, the primary vectors of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans, show marked inter-species variation in their capacity to accumulate PSP toxins (PSTs) which has a neural basis. PSTs cause human fatalities by blocking sodium conductance in nerve fibres. Here we identify a ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 925-926 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In James Powlik's novel Sea Change, a colony of mutant cells called Pfiesteria grows into a carpet-like monster stretching over several square miles of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a body of water separating the west coast of the United States and Canada. Its slow movement south threatens the ...
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 14 (2012): 271-300, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.025.
    Description: Over the last decade, our understanding of the environmental controls on Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and domoic acid (DA) production has matured. Pseudo-nitzschia have been found along most of the world's coastlines, while the impacts of its toxin, DA, are most persistent and detrimental in upwelling systems. However, Pseudo-nitzschia and DA have recently been detected in the open ocean's high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll regions, in addition to fjords, gulfs and bays, showing their presence in diverse environments. The toxin has been measured in zooplankton, shellfish, crustaceans, echinoderms, worms, marine mammals and birds, as well as in sediments, demonstrating its stable transfer through the marine food web and abiotically to the benthos. The linkage of DA production to nitrogenous nutrient physiology, trace metal acquisition, and even salinity, suggests that the control of toxin production is complex and likely influenced by a suite of environmental factors that may be unique to a particular region. Advances in our knowledge of Pseudo-nitzschia sexual reproduction, also in field populations, illustrate its importance in bloom dynamics and toxicity. The combination of careful taxonomy and powerful new molecular methods now allow for the complete characterization of Pseudo-nitzschia populations and how they respond to environmental changes. Here we summarize research that represents our increased knowledge over the last decade of Pseudo-nitzschia and its production of DA, including changes in worldwide range, phylogeny, physiology, ecology, monitoring and public health impacts.
    Keywords: Algal phylogeny ; Algal taxonomy ; Amnesic shellfish poisoning ; Diatom sexual reproduction ; Domoic acid ; Harmful algal bloom ; Pseudo-nitzschia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2008 Author et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License The definitive version was published in Environmental Health 7 (2008): S2, doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S2.
    Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are one focus of the national research initiatives on Oceans and Human Health (OHH) at NIEHS, NOAA and NSF. All of the OHH Centers, from the east coast to Hawaii, include one or more research projects devoted to studying HAB problems and their relationship to human health. The research shares common goals for understanding, monitoring and predicting HAB events to protect and improve human health: understanding the basic biology of the organisms; identifying how chemistry, hydrography and genetic diversity influence blooms; developing analytical methods and sensors for cells and toxins; understanding health effects of toxin exposure; and developing conceptual, empirical and numerical models of bloom dynamics. In the past several years, there has been significant progress toward all of the common goals. Several studies have elucidated the effects of environmental conditions and genetic heterogeneity on bloom dynamics. New methods have been developed or implemented for the detection of HAB cells and toxins, including genetic assays for Pseudo-nitzschia and Microcystis, and a biosensor for domoic acid. There have been advances in predictive models of blooms, most notably for the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium and Karenia. Other work is focused on the future, studying the ways in which climate change may affect HAB incidence, and assessing the threat from emerging HABs and toxins, such as the cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine. Along the way, many challenges have been encountered that are common to the OHH Centers and also echo those of the wider HAB community. Long-term field data and basic biological information are needed to develop accurate models. Sensor development is hindered by the lack of simple and rapid assays for algal cells and especially toxins. It is also critical to adequately understand the human health effects of HAB toxins. Currently, we understand best the effects of acute toxicity, but almost nothing is known about the effects of chronic, subacute toxin exposure. The OHH initiatives have brought scientists together to work collectively on HAB issues, within and across regions. The successes that have been achieved highlight the value of collaboration and cooperation across disciplines, if we are to continue to advance our understanding of HABs and their relationship to human health.
    Description: This work was funded through grants from the NSF/NIEHS Centers for Oceans and Human Health, NIEHS P50 ES012742 and NSF OCE-043072 (DLE and DMA), NSF OCE04-32479 and NIEHS P50 ES012740 (PB and RRB), NSF OCE-0432368 and NIEHS P50 ES12736 (LEB), NIEHS P50 ES012762 and NSF OCE-0434087 (RCS, KAL, MSP, MLW, and KAH). Additional support was provided by the ECOHAB Grant program NSF Grant OCE-9808173 and NOAA Grant NA96OP0099 (DMA), NOAA OHHI NA04OAR4600206 (RRB) and Washington State Sea Grant NA16RG1044 (RCS). KAL and VLT were supported in part by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 8 (2008): 39-53, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.017.
    Description: Coastal waters of the United States (U.S.) are subject to many of the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and various other HAB phenomena such as fish kills, loss of submerged vegetation, shellfish mortalities, and widespread marine mammal mortalities. Here, the occurrences of selected HABs in a selected set of regions are described in terms of their relationship to eutrophication, illustrating a range of responses. Evidence suggestive of changes in the frequency, extent or magnitude of HABs in these areas is explored in the context of the nutrient sources underlying those blooms, both natural and anthropogenic. In some regions of the U.S., the linkages between HABs and eutrophication are clear and well documented, whereas in others, information is limited, thereby highlighting important areas for further research.
    Description: Support was provided through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (to DMA), National Science Foundation (NSF) grants OCE-9808173 and OCE-0430724 (to DMA), OCE-0234587 (to WPC), OCE04-32479 (to MLP), OCE-0138544 (to RMK), OCE-9981617 (to PMG); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants P50ES012742-01 (to DMA) and P50ES012740 (to MLP); NOAA Grants NA96OP0099 (to DMA), NA16OP1450 (to VLT), NA96P00084 (to GAV and CAH), NA160C2936 and NA108H-C (to RMK), NA860P0493 and NA04NOS4780241 (to PMG), NA04NOS4780239-02 (to RMK), NA06NOS4780245 (to DWT). Support was also provided from the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (to VLT and WPC), USEPA Grant CR826792-01-0 (to GAV and CAH), and the State of Florida Grant S7701617826 (to GAV and CAH).
    Keywords: Harmful algal blooms ; HABs ; Red tides ; Eutrophication ; Nutrients ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Journal of Phycology 52 (2016): 230–238, doi:10.1111/jpy.12386.
    Description: Toxin-producing blooms of dinoflagellates in the genus Alexandrium have plagued the inhabitants of the Salish Sea for centuries. Yet the environmental conditions that promote accelerated growth of this organism, a producer of paralytic shellfish toxins, is lacking. This study quantitatively determined the growth response of two Alexandrium isolates to a range of temperatures and salinities, factors that will strongly respond to future climate change scenarios. An empirical equation, derived from observed growth rates describing the temperature and salinity dependence of growth, was used to hindcast bloom risk. Hindcasting was achieved by comparing predicted growth rates, calculated from in situ temperature and salinity data from Quartermaster Harbor, with corresponding Alexandrium cell counts and shellfish toxin data. The greatest bloom risk, defined at μ 〉0.25 d−1, generally occurred from April through November annually; however, growth rates rarely fell below 0.10 d−1. Except for a few occasions, Alexandrium cells were only observed during the periods of highest bloom risk and paralytic shellfish toxins above the regulatory limit always fell within the periods of predicted bloom occurrence. While acknowledging that Alexandrium growth rates are affected by other abiotic and biotic factors, such as grazing pressure and nutrient availability, the use of this empirical growth function to predict higher risk time frames for blooms and toxic shellfish within the Salish Sea provides the groundwork for a more comprehensive biological model of Alexandrium bloom dynamics in the region and will enhance our ability to forecast blooms in the Salish Sea under future climate change scenarios.
    Description: NOAA Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom (ECOHAB) Program; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health; National Science Foundation Grant Number: OCE-1314642; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant Number: 1-P01-ES021923-01
    Keywords: Alexandrium ; Growth rate ; HAB ; Harmful algae ; Hindcast ; Puget Sound ; Salinity ; Salish Sea ; Temperature
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: 2021 inter-sessional Science Board meeting - Note from the science Board Chair. FUTURE SCC's 7th inter-sessional meeting highlights. Sustainability of Marine Ecosystems Through Knowledge Networks (SMARTNET) Endorsed as a UN Decade of Ocean Science Program. SMARTNET featured in ECO magazine. Early Career Ocean Professionals: Evolving Contributions to PICES & the UN Ocean Decade. Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference. The (Virtual) International Symposium on Plastics in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Hal Batchelder's legacy - in PICES words. The western North Pacific during the 2020/2021 cold season. Behring Sea: Current status and recent trends. The Northeast Pacific: Update on Marine Heat Wave Status. PICES by the numbers - finding balance. Your PICES science images Feature: SEAturtle Special Project. About PICES Press.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 38
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: Intersessional Science Board Meeting 2022 - Note from the Science Board Chair. FUTURE SSC's 8th Intersessional Meeting ~ Highlights. SmartNet Event: Establishing Global Knowledge Networks to Achieve "A Productive Ocean." PICES and ICES at Our Ocean 2022, Palau. Looking forward to a return to in-person annual meetings at PICES-2022. An Invitation to the Science Communication Workshop at PICES 2022: How to Create Memorable PICES Science Stories. PICES Ciguatera Project in International News. Exploring Human Networks to Power Sustainability. AP-ECOP's Early Career Ocean Professionals Update: ECOP cross-pollination in PICES and Internationally. Eagerly anticipating the 4th ICES/PICES ECS Conference this July! PICES Contributions to OSM 2022. Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference (PEEC). Update on the Bering Sea. The western North Pacific during the 2021/2022 cold season. Cool winter and early spring conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Remembering Timothy Parsons - Pre-eminent Canadian marine scientist. PICES Calendar of Events. PICES Science Images & Call for submissions. PICES By the Numbers. About PICES Press.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 44
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: PICES Accomplishments in 2021 - Note from the Science Board Chair. Highlights from the FUTURE SCC's 2021 Annual Meeting. Highlightrs from PICES-2021. Featuring PICES-2021 Award recipients (Chair Award, Wooster Award, Zhu-Peterson Award, PICES Ocean Monitoring Services Award, ECS Best Presentation Awards). PICES New Code of Ethics. PICES-2021 Workshop Reports (BIO/FIS Topic WS1: Can we link zooplankton production to fisheries recruitment? FIS Topic Workshop WS2: Pelagic and forage species - predicting response and evaluating resiliency to environmental variability. AP-NPCOOS/MONITOR/TCODE/BIO/FUTURE Topic Workshop WS4: Monitoring Essential Biodiversity Variables in the coastal zone. FUTURE Topic Workshop WS5: Engaging Early Career Ocean Professionals in PICES to further the next generation of integrated ocean sustainability science). The western North Pacific during the 2021 warm season. Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. Northeawst Pacific Update: Summer 2021 low oxygen event on the west coast of North America. Highlights from the MSEAS Teaser Event. PICES Event Calendar. Your PICES Science Images - Call for Submissions. About PICES Press.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 46
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