Note: Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Intraplate earthquakes in Australia -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Two centuries of earthquake observations in Australia -- 2.2.1 Mechanism, geographic distribution, and strain rate -- 2.2.2 Seismogenic depth -- 2.2.3 Attenuation and scaling relations -- 2.3 A long-term landscape record of large (morphogenic) earthquakes -- 2.3.1 Variation in fault scarp length and vertical displacement -- 2.3.2 The influence of crustal type and character on seismic activity rates -- 2.4 Patterns in earthquake occurrence -- 2.5 Maximum magnitude earthquake -- 2.5.1 Scarp length as a proxy for paleo-earthquake magnitude -- 2.6 Implications for SCR analogue studies: factors important in earthquake localisation -- 2.6.1 Mechanical and thermal influences -- 2.6.2 Structural architectural influences -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 3 Intraplate seismicity in Brazil -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Earthquake catalogue -- 3.3 Seismicity map -- 3.4 Seismotectonic correlations -- 3.4.1 Lower seismicity in Precambrian cratonic provinces -- 3.4.2 Intraplate seismicity and cratonic roots -- 3.4.3 Passive margin seismicity -- 3.4.4 Influence of neotectonic faults -- 3.4.5 Flexural stresses -- 3.5 Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 4 Earthquakes and geological structures of the St. Lawrence Rift System -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical earthquakes and their impact -- 4.3 Seismic zones of the SLRS -- 4.3.1 Charlevoix -- 4.3.2 Lower St. Lawrence -- 4.3.3 Western Quebec -- 4.3.4 Background seismicity -- 4.4 The St. Lawrence Rift System -- 4.5 The rift hypothesis and the SLRS: discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 5 Intraplate earthquakes in North China -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Tectonic background -- 5.2.1 Geological history. , 5.2.2 Lithospheric structure -- 5.2.3 Major seismogenic faults -- 5.3 Active tectonics and crustal kinematics -- 5.4 Strain rates and seismicity -- 5.5 Seismicity -- 5.5.1 Paleoseismicity -- 5.5.2 Large historic events -- 1303 Hongdong earthquake (M 8.0) -- 1556 Huaxian earthquake (M 8.3) -- 1668 Tancheng earthquake (M 8.5) -- 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0) -- 1695 Linfen earthquake (M 7.5-8.0) -- 5.5.3 Large instrumentally recorded earthquake -- The 1966 Xingtai earthquake (Ms 7.2) -- The 1975 Haicheng earthquake (Ms 7.3) -- The 1976 Tangshan earthquake (Ms 7.8) -- 5.6 Spatiotemporal patterns of large earthquakes -- 5.6.1 Long-distance roaming of large earthquakes -- 5.6.2 Fault coupling and interaction -- 5.6.3 A conceptual model for mid-continental earthquakes -- 5.7 Implications for earthquake hazards -- Acknowledgements -- 6 Seismogenesis of earthquakes occurring in the ancient rift basin of Kachchh, Western India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Tectonic framework, structure, and tectonic evolution of Kachchh Rift basin -- 6.2.1 Structure and tectonics -- 6.2.2 Tectono-volcanic events -- 6.2.3 Tectonic evolution and existing earthquake generation models of the Kachchh Rift zone -- 6.2.4 Identification of magmatic intrusive bodies -- 6.2.5 Low-velocity fluid-filled zones in and around magmatic bodies in the lower crust -- 6.2.6 Paleoseismological investigations -- 6.3 Seismicity of Gujarat state -- 6.3.1 Seismicity with time in Kachchh and the nature of seismic sources -- 6.3.2 Orientation of faults and depth of the seismogenic zone in Kachchh -- 6.4 Long-distance delayed triggering of shocks in Gujarat after the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake due to stress pulse migration -- 6.4.1 Triggered seismicity in Kachchh and Saurashtra -- 6.4.2 Coulomb stress change -- 6.4.3 Geodetic observations in Kachchh -- 6.4.4 Cause of triggered earthquakes. , 6.5 Focal mechanism studies -- 6.6 Results and discussion -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 7 The New Madrid seismic zone of the Central United States -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Geological history of the New Madrid seismic zone region -- 7.2.1 Precambrian -- 7.2.2 Paleozoic -- 7.2.3 Mesozoic -- 7.2.4 Cenozoic -- 7.3 The New Madrid seismic zone -- 7.3.1 The 1811-1812 earthquakes -- 7.3.2 Geological structure of the NMSZ -- 7.3.3 Reelfoot fault segments -- 7.3.4 Coseismic regional deformations -- 7.3.5 Seismicity and Reelfoot Rift faults -- 7.3.6 New Madrid seismic zone fault activation models -- 7.3.7 Earthquake recurrence -- 7.3.8 Proposed Holocene triggering mechanisms of the NMSZ -- 7.3.9 Is elastic strain energy accumulating in the Reelfoot Rift faults -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 The impact of the earthquake activity in Western Europe from the historical and architectural heritage records -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Seismic activity between the Lower Rhine Embayment and the North Sea -- 8.3 The background and methodologies of historical seismicity in Western Europe -- 8.3.1 The period from 1900to the present -- 8.3.2 Pre-1900 period: historical seismicity and the architectural heritage -- 8.4 Damage quantification -- 8.5 Typical damaging earthquakes in Western Europe -- 8.5.1 The 13April 1992Roermond earthquake -- 8.5.2 The 8November 1983Liège earthquake -- 8.5.3 The 28March 1967Carnières earthquake -- 8.5.4 The 11June 1938Nukerke earthquake -- 8.5.5 The 22April 1884Colchester earthquake -- 8.5.6 The 23February 1828Hannut earthquake -- 8.5.6.1 Analysis of historical data -- 8.5.6.2 Damaged churches during the 1828 earthquake -- 8.5.7 The 18September 1692Verviers earthquake -- 8.6 Discussion and conclusions -- 8.6.1 Earthquake vulnerability of Western Europe -- 8.6.2 Damage and intensity. , 8.6.3 The complementarity of studying damage in classical houses and churches -- 8.6.4 Risks from small and moderate earthquakes -- 8.6.5 Risks from large earthquakes -- 8.6.6 The importance of investigations of the architectural heritage -- Acknowledgements -- 9 Intraplate earthquakes induced by reactivation of buried ancient rift system along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data and method -- 9.3 The 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu and 2007Chuetsu-Oki earthquakes -- 9.3.1 Aftershock distribution and dynamic rupture process -- 9.3.2 Ancient rift system buried beneath thick sedimentary basin -- 9.3.3 Stress loading processes to the reactivation of the ancient rift system -- 9.3.4 Numerical modeling of development of fault zones -- 9.4 The 2007Noto-Hanto earthquakes -- 9.4.1 Aftershock distribution and pre-existing structures within ancient rift system -- 9.4.2 Crustal fluid beneath the mainshock hypocenter -- 9.5 Conclusions -- 10 Deep controls on intraplate basin inversion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Present-day intraplate stress in the Europe-North Atlantic area -- 10.2.1 Model of lithospheric stress from potential energy variations -- 10.2.2 Predicted lithospheric stress from potential energy variations in the Europe-North Atlantic area -- 10.3 Past intraplate basin inversion in Europe -- 10.3.1 Style of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene basin inversion in Europe -- 10.3.2 Modelling intraplate basin inversion -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.5 Summary and conclusions -- 11 Unified model for intraplate earthquakes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Lithospheric stress field -- 11.3 Regional perturbation of the stress field ST -- 11.3.1 Early ideas about perturbing lithospheric stresses -- 11.3.2 Perturbation of ST by surface and other processes -- 11.3.3 Deglaciation and erosion -- 11.3.4 Unverifiable models. , 11.4 Local perturbation of the regional stress field: local stress concentrator models -- 11.4.1 Stress amplification around plutons -- 11.4.2 Seismicity associated with rift pillows -- 11.4.3 Stress concentration associated with fault geometry: the (fault) intersection model -- 11.4.4 Local shear model -- 11.4.5 Local stress concentrator model -- 11.5 Evidence of the presence of a local stress anomaly -- 11.5.1 France -- 11.5.2 Eastern North America -- 11.5.3 Japan -- 11.5.4 Continental rift zones -- 11.5.5 Bardwell, Kentucky, earthquake sequence -- 11.6 Magnitude of local stress perturbations -- 11.7 Intraplate earthquakes and rifts -- 11.7.1 Correlation with deep mantle structure -- 11.8 Insights from basin inversion modeling -- 11.9 Unified model for intraplate earthquakes -- 11.9.1 The model -- 11.9.2 Build-up of SL and sequential fault reactivation -- 11.9.3 Areal dimensions of local stress changes -- 11.9.4 Local rotation of the regional stress field ST and magnitude of SL -- 11.9.5 Local deviatoric stress -- 11.9.6 Effect of deglaciation -- 11.10 Discussion -- 11.10.1 Absence of topography -- 11.10.2 Temporal growth of SL as a predictor of earthquakes? -- 11.10.3 Apparent absence of strain accumulation -- 11.11 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 12 Intraplate seismic hazard: Evidence for distributed strain and implications for seismic hazard -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Seismic moment release in the Central/Eastern United States -- 12.2.1 Historical earthquakes: introduction and rupture scenarios -- 12.2.2 Historical earthquakes: magnitudes -- 12.2.3 Historical earthquakes: recurrence rates -- 12.2.4 Prehistoric earthquakes in other regions -- 12.3 Strain rate -- 12.3.1 Observed strain rate -- 12.3.2 Mechanism of strain accrual -- 12.3.3 Distributed strain release: a simple model -- 12.3.4 Other intraplate regions. , 12.4 Statistical considerations.