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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems of UK universities (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 279-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-There is no doubt that British universities could and should do more to recover a greater fraction of overheads from external research contracts than the 14 per cent reported by Science and Engineering Policy Studies Unit (SEPSU) (Nature 347, 506; 1990). Something like the old University Grants ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348279b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keeping warm (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - August Reader (sic) suggests that DREADCO biochemists should turn their attention away from metabolic sti-mulants and consider ancient transcen-dental techniques for generating 'magical heat' as a means to prevent hypothermia (Nature 361, 200; 1993). Unfortunately, many of these trance-like ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363108b0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leptin activation in hypothalamus (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 745-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The excessive fat deposition and other genetic disorders seen in the obese ob/ob mouse has been shown to be due to a mutation (premature stop codon) in the ob gene1. Normally, the ob gene is expressed in adipose tissue, with the secreted circulating gene product, leptin, being thought to act ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381745a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by the ventromedial hypothalamus (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 289 (1981), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BAT thermogenesis can be monitored by recording the tissue temperature, as Flaim et al.2 did when stimulating the sympathetic nerves supplying interscapular BAT. This is the largest and most accessible BAT depot and recordings can be made with minimal surgery. We therefore used the same approach to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/289401a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 281 (1979), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Measurement of energy balance during voluntary over-eating in rats unequivocally establishes the quantitative importance of diet-induced thermogenesis in energy balance. Like cold-induced thermogenesis, this form of heat production involves changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/281031a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased proton conductance pathway in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of rats exhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the first experiments, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the effect of purine nucleotides on mitochondrial respiration were determined with brown adipose tissue of normal and cafeteria-fed animals. Groups of adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River) were maintained on either the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286274a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of noradrenaline on blood flow to brown adipose tissue in rats exhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 389 (1981), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rats ; Diet ; Thermogenesis ; Noradrenaline ; Blood flow ; Brown adipose tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. The influence of noradrenaline on regional blood flow was determined using radioactive microspheres in rats maintained on either stock diet or a palatable cafeteria diet. 2. Cardiac output and blood flow to brain, lungs, liver and skeletal muscle were similar for rats on the two diets. 3. Blood flow to total dissectable brown adipose tissue in control and cafeteria rats represented 1 and 2% of cardiac output respectively but these values rose to 7 and 15.5% during infusion of noradrenaline. 4. Arterial oxygen content was similar for all groups but the oxygen content of venous blood draining the interscapular brown adipose tissue fell to 6 ml O2/100 ml blood in control rats and 1 ml/100 ml in cafeteria rats after noradrenaline. 5. The total oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue was calculated and found to account for 42% of the response to noradrenaline in control rats and 74% in cafeteria animals. The increments in the oxygen consumption of other tissues were almost identical in both groups and so all the diet-induced changes in thermogenic capacity can be attributed to increases in brown adipose tissue metabolism. 6. These findings demonstrate the quantitative importance of brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis and confirm the similarities between diet and non-shivering thermogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584784
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects of food, 2-deoxy-d-glucose and noradrenaline on metabolic rate and brown adipose tissue in normal and atropinised lean and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 392 (1981), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rats ; Obesity ; Food ; 2-Deoxy-d-glucose ; Noradrenaline ; Atropine ; Thermogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Intragastric feeding (40 kJ) produced a 17% rise in metabolic rate in lean Zucker rats but only an 8% increase in obese (fa/fa) rats, and both of these responses were significantly reduced by β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (10 mg/kg, s.c.). 2. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a doubling of the response to food in lean rats and a threefold increase in the obese mutants, such that all atropinised animals showed the same increase in metabolic rate after food. 3. Feeding also caused a significant rise in interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature, which was greatest in the lean animals and was enhanced by atropine in both groups. 4. Injection of noradrenaline (250 μg/kg, s.c.) caused a similar (40%) rise in metabolic rate in lean and obese animals but this response was unaffected by atropine. 5. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose injection (360 mg/kg, s.c.) depressed oxygen consumption by 25 and 8% in lean and obese rats respectively and this effect was totally abolished by atropine. 6. These results suggest that the rise in metabolic rate after a meal is partly due to sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue. The reduced thermic response in obese Zucker rats is not due to insensitivity to noradrenaline, but may be partly due to parasympathetic inhibition of thermogenesis and partly to insensitivity to glucose availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581268
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of histamine antagonists on noradrenaline-stimulated blood flow and oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 402 (1984), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Brown adipose tissue ; Noradrenaline ; Thermogenesis ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. The effects of histamine antagonists on noradrenaline-stimulated metabolic rate, tissue blood flow (estimated from the distribution of radiolabelled microspheres) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxygen extraction were studied in male anaesthetised rats. 2. Injection of cimetidine (H2-receptor antagonist), reduced the noradrenaline-stimulation of metabolic rate and the increase in blood flow to BAT, but did not affect blood flow to white adipose tissue, skin, leg muscle, kidney, brain, or testes. 3. Following noradrenaline, in vivo oxygen consumption of BAT, estimated from blood flow and oxygen extraction was depressed to 31% of control values by treatment with cimetidine, blood pressure was unaffected. 4. Injection of the histamine (H1-receptor) antagonist, mepyramine, did not affect tissue blood flow or metabolic rate. 5. In conscious animals, cimetidine did not affect resting oxygen consumption, but depressed the thermogenic responses to noradrenaline. 6. These data suggest that the stimulation of BAT blood flow and thermogenesis by noradrenaline may be mediated in part by histamine acting on an H2-type receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585518
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced lipogenesis in cafeteria-fed rats exhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis (1983)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 3 (1983), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fatty-acid synthesis has been measured in vivo with3H2O in cafeteria-fed rats exhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis. Synthesis was decreased in brown adipose tissue, the liver, white adipose tissue, and the carcass of the cafeteria-fed animals compared to rats fed the normal stock diet. Whole-body synthesis was also decreased in the cafeteria-fed group. Diet-induced thermogenesis, in contrast to cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis does not lead to increased fatty-acid synthesis and this is presumably due to the inhibitory effects on lipogenesis of the high dietary fat intake characteristic of cafeteria diets. The results also indicate that the energy cost of body fat deposition in cafeteria-fed rats is lower than in animals fed a low-fat/high-carbohydrate stock diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01122453
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