Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- CHAPTER ONE: The evolution of ecosystem ecology -- Introduction -- Origins of the concept of the ecosystem -- Holistic frameworks for exploring complex, interacting systems: the contributions of Lindeman and Elton -- The International Biological Programme -- Systems-analysis approaches -- Resilience thinking -- A move towards more inclusive approaches to ecosystem ecology -- What can be learned from the history of ecosystem ecology? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER TWO: Linking population, community and ecosystem ecology within mainstream ecology -- Introduction -- An overview of population-, community- and ecosystem-level modelling approaches -- Population-level models -- Community-level models -- Ecosystem-level models -- Model evaluation -- How do ecologists evaluate models? -- Statistical evaluation of models -- Suggested approaches for scaling between population and ecosystem ecology -- Linearised, equilibrium approaches -- Aggregating state variables -- Aggregating parameters -- Isolated models for components of a complex community -- Final thoughts and remaining challenges -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER THREE: Thermodynamic approaches to ecosystem behaviour: fundamental principles with case studies from forest succession and management -- Introduction -- Historical development and motivation -- Definitions and terms -- Systems science -- Physical principles -- Classical thermodynamics -- Statistical thermodynamics (statistical mechanics) -- Information theory -- Ecosystem applications -- The Strategy of Ecosystem Development (SED) -- Ascendancy -- Ecological Law of Thermodynamics and Life as the Second Law -- Critiques and a simple reformulation -- Critique of the Strategy of Ecosystem Development. , Critique of ascendancy -- Critique of the Ecological Law of Thermodynamics -- Reconciling system and individual perspectives: ecological statistical mechanics -- Application: global forest management -- References -- CHAPTER FOUR: Ecosystem health -- Introduction: origins and development of the ecosystem health concept -- Approaches for assessing ecosystem health -- Indicators and indices derived from direct measurement -- Ecological indicators -- Multimetric indices -- Problems with the use of biological monitoring and indicators -- Using models to assess ecosystem health -- Odum's conjectures and mass-balance approaches -- Adaptive cycles and resilience -- System-level metrics from mass-balance models -- Interdisciplinary indicators of ecosystem health -- The HEHI approach -- MEHTA (Monitoring of Ecosystem Health by Trends Analysis): an alternative interdisciplinary indicator -- Application of the MEHTA approach: Ythan catchment case study -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Is the ecosystem health concept valuable? -- Operational approaches to assessing ecosystem health -- Gaps in knowledge -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER FIVE: Interdisciplinarity in ecosystems research: developing social robustness in environmental science -- Introduction -- Being interdisciplinary - rationales and definitions -- Multi-, inter- and trans-disciplinarity -- Science and society: developing social robustness in ecosystems research -- Contextualising ecology -- Ecology and the public -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER SIX: The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being -- Introduction: managing ecosystems for people -- Ecosystems services and the Ecosystem Approach -- Ecosystem service typologies -- Service cascades -- Evolving service typologies -- Biodiversity, ecosystem function and service output. , Species complementarity -- The importance of functional groups and functional traits -- Alien vs. native species -- The insurance value of biodiversity -- Biodiversity and social-ecological ecosystems -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Ecosystem ecology and environmental management -- Introduction -- Environmental management, biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability -- Recognising Darwin's Tangled Bank -- Sustainability and the balance of nature -- An ecosystem-based approach -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- References -- CHAPTER ONE The metabolic theory of ecology and the role of body size in marine and freshwater ecosystems -- Introduction -- Background -- Individual level: metabolic rate, production and life-history traits -- Population and community levels: growth, mortality and abundance -- Ecosystem level: flux and storage of energy and materials -- Concluding remarks -- References -- CHAPTER TWO Body size and suspension feeding -- Introduction -- The hydrodynamic implications of body size -- Body size changes during ontogeny and evolution -- Limits to maximum body size -- Particle capture as a predator-prey relationship -- Body size and food availability (body size and solid-fluid interfaces) -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER THREE Life histories and body size -- Introduction -- Understanding and predicting the evolution of body size -- Key elements of life-history theory -- Optimality models -- Adaptive dynamics -- Methodological issues -- Determining trade-offs -- Frequency and density dependence -- Predicting life-history plasticity -- Interpreting phenotypic variation -- Ecological applications of life-history analysis -- Fishing-induced evolution -- Understanding relationships with temperature, and improving biomass estimates -- Shifts in the community size spectrum, and impacts on ecosystem function -- Life-history analysis and scaling relationships -- Key elements -- Methodological issues -- Determining the scaling exponent -- Identifying invariant quantities in life histories -- Determining the effects of selection on scaling exponents -- Relationship between intraspecific and interspecific allometries -- Ecological applications -- Estimating global patterns of mortality -- Improving predictions of global patterns of life history -- Conclusion. , Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER FOUR Relationship between biomass turnover and body size for stream communities -- Introduction -- The predictions -- Prediction 1 -- Prediction 2 -- Prediction 3 -- Prediction 4 -- Study streams -- Ogeechee River -- Upper Ball Creek -- Sutton Stream and Stony Creek -- Tests of predictions -- Results -- Discussion -- Appendix I A primer on secondary production and the P/B -- References -- CHAPTER FIVE Body size in streams: macroinvertebrate community size composition along natural and human-induced environmental gradients -- Introduction -- Different approaches for matching body size with environmental gradients -- Descriptive studies of abiotic gradients -- Descriptive studies of biotic gradients -- Descriptive studies of complex gradients -- Experimental studies -- Analysis of a new database for New Zealand streams -- Methods -- Study sites -- Fish -- Macroinvertebrates -- Physicochemical conditions -- Statistical analyses -- Results -- Body-size patterns along environmental gradients and their utility for biomonitoring -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER SIX Body size and predatory interactions in freshwaters: scaling from individuals to communities -- Introduction -- Feeding and size: processes at the individual level -- Scaling to species -- The other side of the equation: community-size distributions -- Macroecological patterns: consequences of body-size shifts in response to environmental gradients -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER SEVEN Body size and trophic cascades in lakes -- Introduction -- Body size -- Productivity -- Turnover rate -- Complexity -- Alternative equilibria -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER EIGHT Body size and scale invariance: multifractals in invertebrate communities -- Introduction -- Data collection -- Power-law and scaling relationships. , Density - body-mass scaling with sample area -- Density and biomass scaling -- Linking scaling relationships to niche and dispersal-mediated species-abundance patterns -- Fractal properties of size-structured communities -- Multifractal species-area relationships -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER NINE Body size and biogeography -- Introduction -- The absolute abundance of microbial species-populations -- The cosmopolitan-biogeography transition -- Testing the theory of cosmopolitan distribution -- Cryptic protist diversity exceeds the diversity of 'active' species, and the habitat selects -- Dispersal of free-living protists is essentially random -- Cosmopolitan distribution implies the existence of similar species inventories in similar habitats irrespective of geographical distance -- Endemic species -- Local: global species ratios -- Undersampling -- Species concepts -- Cosmopolitan genotypes -- 'Biogeography' of microbes? -- General validity -- Neutral theory - local: global species ratios -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER TEN By wind, wings or water: body size, dispersal and range size in aquatic invertebrates -- Introduction -- Dispersal and body size in aquatic invertebrates -- Active dispersers in freshwaters -- Passive dispersers in freshwaters -- Dispersal in marine systems -- Dispersal, macroecology and body sizecase studies -- Active dispersers in freshwaters -- Passive dispersers in freshwaters -- Dispersal in marine systems -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER ELEVEN Body size and diversity in marine systems -- Introduction -- Species guilds -- Adult-body size distributions in integral benthic assemblages -- All-animal body-size distributions in integral benthic assemblages -- Pelagic assemblages -- Effects of pollution and disturbance -- Discussion and conclusion. , Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER TWELVE Interplay between individual growth and population feedbacks shapes body-size distributions -- Body size in contemporary ecology -- Neglected aspects of body size in contemporary ecology -- Development and growth - a retrospective overview -- Scaling constraints and growth patterns -- Individual-level formulations for how individuals grow - linkage to community patterns -- Developments of an explicit link from individual body size to population dynamics -- Modelling framework -- Ontogenetic development - dynamical aspects -- Ontogenetic development and community structure -- Extensions to more complex configurations -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN The consequences of body size in model microbial ecosystems -- Introduction -- Methods -- General methods -- Choice of species -- Description of the four experiments and data sets -- Experiment 1 -- Experiment 2 -- Experiment 3 -- Experiment 4 -- Population consequences of body size -- Community consequences of body size -- Ecosystem consequences of body size -- Results -- Population consequences of body size - results -- Community consequences of body size - results -- Ecosystem consequences of body size - results -- Discussion -- Population consequences of body size - discussion -- Community consequences of body size - discussion -- Ecosystem consequences of body size - discussion -- Closing remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN Body size, exploitation and conservation of marine organisms -- Introduction -- Setting: the magnitude of fishing effects -- Size-related responses to exploitation -- Linking body size, life histories and population dynamics -- Population dynamics and responses to mortality -- Intrinsic rates of increase -- Density dependence -- Communities and their responses to mortality. , Size-based structuring of marine communities -- Describing and predicting responses to mortality -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER FIFTEEN How body size mediates the role of animals in nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems -- Introduction -- Body size and nutrient excretion -- Rates -- Ratios of N and P -- Body size and nutrient translocation -- Consequences of size-varying nutrient cycling -- Variation in body-size distributions -- Estimating nutrient flux from biomass size distributions -- Predator control of prey body size and nutrient cycling -- The effect of harvesting-induced changes in animal size structure on nutrient cycling -- The next steps? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER SIXTEEN Body sizes in food chains of animal predators and parasites -- Introduction -- Theory -- Maximal and minimal body masses -- Predicted value of the exponent -- Ratios and differences of consumer mass and resource mass -- Data -- Studies of a well-defined community -- Studies that pool multiple communities -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Body size in aquatic ecology: important, but not the whole story -- Introduction -- Body size and metabolic theory -- Other empirical, theoretical and conceptual backgrounds -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Literatur- und URL-Verzeichnis: Seiten 450-487

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index