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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    SeSaBa - Studienerfolg und Studienabbruch bei Bildungsausländern in Deutschland im Bachelor- und Masterstudium - Teilvorhaben qualitative Befragung und Projektkoordination : Schlussbericht zu Nr. 3.2 : Berichtszeitraum: 01.04.2017-31.07.2021 (2021)
    [Bonn] : Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst e.V. (DAAD)
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    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht ; Ausländischer Student ; Studienerfolg ; Studienabbruch
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten, 1,48 MB)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1846994381
    DOI: 10.2314/KXP:1846994381
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Anmerkung: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 16PX16016A , Verbundnummer 01178290 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Kurzfassungen: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Internationale Studierende in Deutschland zum Studienerfolg begleiten : Ergebnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen aus dem SeSaBa-Projekt (2022)
    Bonn : [DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst]
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    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht ; Ausländischer Student ; Studienerfolg
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (81 Seiten, 1,27 MB) , Diagramme
    Serie: DAAD Studien
    URL: https://doi.org/10.46685/DAADStudien.2022.01
    DOI: 10.46685/DAADStudien.2022.01
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 16PX16016A-C [neu] - 01PX16016A-C [alt] , Verbundnummer 01178290 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON REGIONAL DEEP-SEA SPECIES DIVERSITY1 (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 32 (2001), S. 51-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Most of our knowledge of biodiversity and its causes in the deep-sea benthos derives from regional-scale sampling studies of the macrofauna. Improved sampling methods and the expansion of investigations into a wide variety of habitats have revolutionized our understanding of the deep sea. Local species diversity shows clear geographic variation on spatial scales of 100-1000 km. Recent sampling programs have revealed unexpected complexity in community structure at the landscape level that is associated with large-scale oceanographic processes and their environmental consequences. We review the relationships between variation in local species diversity and the regional-scale phenomena of boundary constraints, gradients of productivity, sediment heterogeneity, oxygen availability, hydrodynamic regimes, and catastrophic physical disturbance. We present a conceptual model of how these interdependent environmental factors shape regional-scale variation in local diversity. Local communities in the deep sea may be composed of species that exist as metapopulations whose regional distribution depends on a balance among global-scale, landscape-scale, and small-scale dynamics. Environmental gradients may form geographic patterns of diversity by influencing local processes such as predation, resource partitioning, competitive exclusion, and facilitation that determine species coexistence. The measurement of deep-sea species diversity remains a vital issue in comparing geographic patterns and evaluating their potential causes. Recent assessments of diversity using species accumulation curves with randomly pooled samples confirm the often-disputed claim that the deep sea supports higher diversity than the continental shelf. However, more intensive quantitative sampling is required to fully characterize the diversity of deep-sea sediments, the most extensive habitat on Earth. Once considered to be constant, spatially uniform, and isolated, deep-sea sediments are now recognized as a dynamic, richly textured environment that is inextricably linked to the global biosphere. Regional studies of the last two decades provide the empirical background necessary to formulate and test specific hypotheses of causality by controlled sampling designs and experimental approaches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114002
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  • 4
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    Plankton accumulation and transport in propagating nonlinear internal fronts (2007)
    Sears Foundation for Marine Research
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Sears Foundation for Marine Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Research 65 (2007): 117-145, doi:10.1357/002224007780388702.
    Beschreibung: Accumulation and transport of plankton in fronts propagating across-shore is a process of considerable ecological importance for many inhabitants of the littoral zone, since it links the offshore larval pool with the juvenile and adult inshore habitat. Several field studies have shown that larval plankton accumulates in fronts, but have failed to give a conclusive proof that effective Lagrangian transport takes place. A few process-oriented numerical studies have lent support to the idea, but the scope of their results is limited by the two-dimensional nature of the flows considered and by the simple model used to account for the behavior of plankton. In this paper, we relax both constraints. We solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation to compute the time dependent velocity field, and we use an empirically based model for the behavior of plankton. Our results show that accumulation and transport is possible, even for larvae characterized by sustained swimming speeds that are small compared with the speed of propagation of the front. We introduce a simple model to characterize the accumulation along the front, which includes both entrainment and detrainment. The model accurately represents accumulation calculated from the numerical runs, and provide a simple tool to estimate transport under a variety of circumstances. We also investigate the spatial distribution of plankton along and across the front and show that it is very patchy and dependent on the swimming speed of plankton, with important implications for interpreting results from field experiments.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 5
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    Larval transport and dispersal in the coastal ocean and consequences for population connectivity (2009)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 20, 3 (2007): 22-39.
    Beschreibung: Many marine species have small, pelagic early life stages. For those species, knowledge of population connectivity requires understanding the origin and trajectories of dispersing eggs and larvae among subpopulations. Researchers have used various terms to describe the movement of eggs and larvae in the marine environment, including larval dispersal, dispersion, drift, export, retention, and larval transport. Though these terms are intuitive and relevant for understanding the spatial dynamics of populations, some may be nonoperational (i.e., not measurable), and the variety of descriptors and approaches used makes studies difficult to compare. Furthermore, the assumptions that underlie some of these concepts are rarely identified and tested. Here, we describe two phenomenologically relevant concepts, larval transport and larval dispersal. These concepts have corresponding operational definitions, are relevant to understanding population connectivity, and have a long history in the literature, although they are sometimes confused and used interchangeably. After defining and discussing larval transport and dispersal, we consider the relative importance of planktonic processes to the overall understanding and measurement of population connectivity. The ideas considered in this contribution are applicable to most benthic and pelagic species that undergo transformations among life stages. In this review, however, we focus on coastal and nearshore benthic invertebrates and fishes.
    Beschreibung: We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for supporting our work.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 6
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    Observation of very large and steep internal waves of elevation near the Massachusetts coast (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004): L22307, doi:10.1029/2004GL021052.
    Beschreibung: We report on near-bottom waves of elevation with amplitude nearly half the 25 m water column, very steep, and propagating into a sheared turbulent wave-guide. The waves contained trapped cores transporting parcels of water shoreward. These large waves depart strongly from weakly-nonlinear and weakly-nonhydrostatic conditions and challenge established paradigms. They can also represent an important factor in the across-shore transport of plankton and contaminants.
    Beschreibung: Funding provided by ONR, grants N00014-01-1-0172 and N00014-03-1-0553.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 7
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    Shoaling of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C08031, doi:10.1029/2008JC004726.
    Beschreibung: The shoaling of the nonlinear internal tide in Massachusetts Bay is studied with a fully nonlinear and nonhydrostatic model. The results are compared with current and temperature observations obtained during the August 1998 Massachusetts Bay Internal Wave Experiment and observations from a shorter experiment which took place in September 2001. The model shows how the approaching nonlinear undular bore interacts strongly with a shoaling bottom, offshore of where KdV theory predicts polarity switching should occur. It is shown that the shoaling process is dominated by nonlinearity, and the model results are interpreted with the aid of a two-layer nonlinear but hydrostatic model. After interacting with the shoaling bottom, the undular bore emerges on the shallow shelf inshore of the 30-m isobath as a nonlinear internal tide with a range of possible shapes, all of which are found in the available observational record.
    Beschreibung: A. Scotti began this project as a Postdoctoral Scholar at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with support from the Johnson Foundation and the USGS. Further support was provided to Scotti by the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-01-1-0172, N00014-03-1-0553, and N00014-05-1-0361, and by NSF under grant OCE 07-29636. R. Beardsley was supported by ONR under grants N00014-98-1- 0059, N00014-00-1-0210, and the Smith Chair in Coastal Physical Oceanography. J. Pineda was supported by ONR under grants N00014-01-1-0172, and by a WHOIOcean Life Institute Fellowship.
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear internal waves ; Internal tide ; Shoaling
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 8
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    Stage-specific distribution of barnacle larvae in nearshore waters : potential for limited dispersal and high mortality rates (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 342 (2007): 177-190, doi:10.3354/meps342177.
    Beschreibung: The stage-specific spatial distribution and mortality of Balanus glandula and Chthamalus spp. larvae were assessed with a series of daily vertical plankton tows collected from inner-shelf waters in La Jolla, Southern California, in March 2003. Sampling stations were located within 1.1 km of the shoreline, at depths of 10 to 45 m. For both groups, we observed a spatial segregation of naupliar stages and cyprids, although this pattern was statistically significant for Chthamalus spp. only. Early nauplii (NII and NIII) were more abundant at the inshore stations, whereas later stages (NIV to NVI) occurred in greater numbers offshore. Cyprids were consistently more abundant at the inshore station. Such striking differences in the horizontal distributions of late nauplii and cyprids suggest limited dispersal of barnacle larvae in nearshore waters. Particle trajectories computed from current velocities measured in the area indicated that changes in vertical distribution may indeed affect dispersal, and, in some cases, enhance the retention of larvae in shallow, inner-shelf waters. Vertical life tables were used to estimate naupliar mortality rates from pooled daily stage distributions. Average estimates (±SE) for the instantaneous rate of larval mortality in B. glandula (0.33 ± 0.05 larvae d–1) and Chthamalus spp. (0.23 ± 0.03 larvae d–1) were substantially higher than previously assumed for these species. We discuss the implications of limited dispersal and high mortality rates for the exchange of larvae among disjunct populations of intertidal barnacles and other coastal benthic invertebrates.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to J.P.
    Schlagwort(e): Larval distribution ; Small scale ; Balanus glandula ; Chthamalus spp. ; Dispersal ; Mortality
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 9
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    A crab swarm at an ecological hotspot : patchiness and population density from AUV observations at a coastal, tropical seamount (2016)
    PeerJ
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PeerJ 4 (2016): e1770, doi:10.7717/peerj.1770.
    Beschreibung: A research cruise to Hannibal Bank, a seamount and an ecological hotspot in the coastal eastern tropical Pacific Ocean off Panama, explored the zonation, biodiversity, and the ecological processes that contribute to the seamount’s elevated biomass. Here we describe the spatial structure of a benthic anomuran red crab population, using submarine video and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) photographs. High density aggregations and a swarm of red crabs were associated with a dense turbid layer 4–10 m above the bottom. The high density aggregations were constrained to 355–385 m water depth over the Northwest flank of the seamount, although the crabs also occurred at lower densities in shallower waters (∼280 m) and in another location of the seamount. The crab aggregations occurred in hypoxic water, with oxygen levels of 0.04 ml/l. Barcoding of Hannibal red crabs, and pelagic red crabs sampled in a mass stranding event in 2015 at a beach in San Diego, California, USA, revealed that the Panamanian and the Californian crabs are likely the same species, Pleuroncodes planipes, and these findings represent an extension of the southern endrange of this species. Measurements along a 1.6 km transect revealed three high density aggregations, with the highest density up to 78 crabs/m2, and that the crabs were patchily distributed. Crab density peaked in the middle of the patch, a density structure similar to that of swarming insects.
    Beschreibung: This work was sponsored by a grant from the Dalio Foundation, Inc, through the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Schlagwort(e): Swarms ; Ecological hotspot ; Patchiness ; Panama ; Eastern Pacific ; Seamount ; Pleuroncodes planipes ; Hypoxic environment ; Anomuran crabs
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Complexity and simplification in understanding recruitment in benthic populations (2009)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Population Ecology 51 (2009): 17-32, doi:10.1007/s10144-008-0118-0.
    Beschreibung: Research of complex systems and problems, entities with many dependencies, is often reductionist. The reductionist approach splits systems or problems into different components, and then addresses these components one by one. This approach has been used in the study of recruitment and population dynamics of marine benthic (bottom dwelling) species. Another approach examines benthic population dynamics by looking at a small set of processes. This approach is statistical or model oriented. Simplified approaches identify “macrcoecological” patterns or attempt to identify and model the essential, “first order” elements of the system. The complexity of the recruitment and population dynamics problems stems from the number of processes that can potentially influence benthic populations, including (1) larval pool dynamics, (2) larval transport, (3) settlement, and (4) post-settlement biotic and abiotic processes, as well as larval production. Moreover, these processes are non-linear, some interact, and they may operate at disparate scales. This contribution discusses reductionist and simplified approaches to study benthic recruitment and population dynamics of bottom dwelling marine invertebrates. We first address complexity in two processes known to influence recruitment, larval transport, and post settlement survival to reproduction, and discuss the difficulty in understanding recruitment by looking at relevant processes individually and in isolation. We then address the simplified approach, which reduces the number of processes and makes the problem manageable. We discuss how simplifications and “broad-brush first order approaches” may muddle our understanding of recruitment. Lack of empirical determination of the fundamental processes often results in mistaken inferences, and processes and parameters used in some models can bias our view of processes influencing recruitment. We conclude with a discussion on how to reconcile complex and simplified approaches. Although it appears impossible to achieve a full mechanistic understanding of recruitment by studying all components of the problem in isolation, we suggest that knowledge of these components is essential for simplifying and understanding the system beyond probabilistic description and modeling.
    Beschreibung: We wish to thank WHOI’s Ocean Life Institute for support
    Schlagwort(e): Recruitment ; Benthic populations ; Population dynamics ; Larval transport ; Larval dispersal ; Settlement ; Complexity ; Models
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Preprint
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