Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Personal Reminiscences -- M.G. Velarde: Succint Biography. Doing Science in Spainas a Maverick -- M.G. Velarde: Highlights of Research Achievements -- Gallery of Portraits and Other Pictures -- Thirteen Years of Collaboration with Manuel on Complexity in Biorobotics and Brain Science -- References -- My Relation with Professor Manuel G. Velarde -- My Scientific and Personal Relation with Manuel G. Velarde -- Manolo García Velarde: Three Relevant Traits of His Multifaceted Persona -- 1 Highly Unusual -- 2 Excessive -- 3 Perseverant -- Reminiscences from an Expatriate Scientist -- An Extraordinary Year of My Life -- Reminiscence of My Time in Manuel's Group at the Instituto Pluridisciplinar -- My Year with Manuel -- Our Adventure with Manuel -- Part II: Scientific Contributions: Flows, Instabilities and Convective Patterns -- A Peculiar Observation Arising from the Stokes Approximation in Certain Closed Flows -- 1 The Stokes Eigen Problem -- 2 Some Computations and Inferences -- References -- Influence of Periodic and Quasi-periodic GravitationalModulation on Convective Instability of Reaction Frontsin Porous Media -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Governing Equations and Linear Stability Analysis -- 2.1 The Model -- 2.2 The Dimensionless Model -- 2.3 Linear Stability Analysis -- 2.4 Approximation of Infinitely Narrow Reaction Zone -- 2.5 Formulation of the Interface Problem -- 2.6 Travelling Wave Solution -- 3 Numerical Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Case of Periodic Vibration -- 3.2 Case of Periodic Vibration with Modulation of Amplitude -- 3.3 Case of Quasi-periodic Modulation -- 4 Summary -- 5 Appendix -- 5.1 The Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions -- 5.2 Simple Example -- References -- Genesis of Bénard-Marangoni Patterns in Thin Liquid Films Drying into Air -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Experimental Set-Up and Procedures -- 3 Preliminary Results and Discussions -- 4 Further Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Pattern Formation Emerging from Stationary Solutal Marangoni Instability: A Roadmap Through the Underlying Hierarchic Structures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Central Theses -- 3 The Building Blocks of Interfacial Convection -- 3.1 Roll Cells -- 3.2 Chaotic Relaxation Oscillations -- 3.3 Synchronized Relaxation Oscillation Waves -- 4 Time-Sequence of Structure Formation -- 5 Outlook -- References -- Observation of the Thermocapillary Motion of a Dropletin a Laser Beam -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Influence of Heat Flux Modulation on Thermocapillary Instability in a Binary Mixture with the Soret Effect -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement and Governing Equations -- 3 Longwave Approximation -- 4 Shortwave Instabilities -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Onset of Stationary Flows of a Cohesive Granular Materialin a Channel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Liminary Results -- 2.1 Set of Equations -- 2.2 Constant Coefficient of Friction -- 2.3 Flow for μ = Constant -- 2.3.1 Iso-velocity Attaining the Free Surface -- 2.3.2 Rough Lateral Walls -- 2.3.3 Smooth Lateral Walls -- 3 Flow for a Non Constant Coefficient of Friction -- 4 Weak and High Cohesions -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Scientific Contributions: Interfacial Phenomena, Wetting and Spreading Problems -- Thermography Applied to Interfacial Phenomena, Potentials and Pitfalls -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radiation and Heat Transfer Theory -- 3 Example of Applications: Evaporating and Boiling Liquids -- 4 Evaporating Droplets -- 5 Boiling and Two-Phase Flows in Micro-Channels -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Shear Rheology of Interfaces: Micro Rheological Methods -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Experimental Techniques -- 2.1 Fundamentals of Video Microscopy Particle Tracking -- 2.2 Fundamentals of the Optical Tweezers Technique -- 3 Dynamics of Particles at Interfaces -- 3.1 Diffusion Coefficient of Particles Adsorbed at Fluid Interfaces -- 3.2 Fischer's Theory for the Shear Micro-Rheology of Monolayers at Fluid Interfaces -- 4 Particle Tracking Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Cohesive and Non-cohesive Adsorption of Surfactantsat Liquid Interfaces -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Henry's Adsorption Constant, Adsorption Energy and Thickness -- 2.1 Henry's Adsorption Isotherm -- 2.2 Geometry of a Surfactant Molecule -- 2.3 Interaction Potential of a Surfactant Molecule with the Interface -- 2.4 Partition Functions of a Surfactant Molecule at the Interface -- 3 Cohesive and Non-cohesive Adsorption of Surfactants -- 3.1 Non-cohesive Adsorption and Helfand-Frisch-Lebowitz Model -- 3.2 Cohesive Adsorption: Phenomenological Relations -- 3.3 Processing of Experimental Data -- 4 Analysis of the Experimental Data for the Cohesive Pressure πcoh and the Adsorption Constant Ka -- 4.1 The Cohesive Pressure πcoh -- 4.2 Effect of the Surfactant Structure on the Adsorption Constant Ka -- 4.3 Temperature Dependence of the Adsorption -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Surface Wetting: From a Phenomenon to an Important Analytical Tool -- 1 Theoretical Concepts of Wetting -- 1.1 Surface Tension and Surface Energy -- 1.2 Young Equation -- 1.3 Adsorbed Water Film -- 1.4 Work of Adhesion -- 1.5 Critical Surface Tension -- 1.6 Fowkes and Good Theories -- 2 Contact Angle Measurements -- 2.1 Quasi-static Contact Angle Measurements -- 2.2 Dynamic Wetting Measurements -- 3 Wetting Measurement in Technological Applications -- 3.1 Fibre Wetting in Composite Processing -- 3.2 Wetting Studies on Human Hair -- 3.3 Wetting Measurements in Textile Characterization. , 3.4 Wettability of Engineered Nanoparticles -- References -- Wetting Transition and Line Tension of Oil on Water -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Free Energy Profile Approach to Thin Liquid Film Formation -- 3 Wetting of Alkane on Water -- 4 Freezing Transition of Wetting Film -- 5 Relation Between Wetting Transition and Line Tension -- 6 Line Tension at Wetting Transition -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Dynamics of a Complete Wetting Liquid Under Evaporation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Low Constant Speed Model -- 3 Evaporating Sessile Droplet -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Evaporation of Sessile Droplets of Liquid on Solid Substrates -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stages of Sessile Droplet Evaporation -- 3 Dependence of Evaporation Flux on the Droplet Size -- 4 Distribution of Evaporation Flux at the Droplet Surface -- 5 Thermal Marangoni Convection -- 6 Influence of Heat Conductivity -- 7 Ring-Like Stain Formation -- 8 Complete Wetting -- 9 Partial Wetting and Contact Angle Hysteresis -- 10 Kelvin's and Kinetic Effects -- 11 Derjaguin's (Disjoining/Conjoining) Pressure -- References -- Superspreading: Role of the Substrate Surface Energy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Surface Activity of Superspreader Silwet L77: Data Analyses -- 3 Superspreading: Concepts and Models -- 4 Modeling Spreading vs. Substrate Wettability -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Scientific Contributions: Waves and Solitons, and Other Collective Excitations -- Coupled Korteweg-de Vries Equations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Derivation -- 2.1 Formulation -- 2.2 Coupled Modes -- 3 Asymptotic Expansion -- 4 Interacting Solitary Waves -- 5 Summary -- Appendix -- References -- Water Waves and Time Arrows in Conservative Continuum Physics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Eulerian Equations of Nonlinear Water Waves -- 3 Time Arrow in Nonlinear Wave Breaking -- 4 Time Arrow in Nonlinear Merging of Bores. , 5 Time Arrow in a Cauchy-Poisson Problem -- 6 A Radiation Condition Posing a Time Arrow -- 7 Time Arrows of Resonance and Instabilities -- 8 Time Arrow of Spiral Water Waves -- 9 Time Arrow of the Impulsive Time Scale -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Surface Wave Damping -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Developments -- 3 Isolating Effects -- 4 New Experiments on Millimetric Liquid Bridges -- 5 Consequences on the Surface Wave Dynamics -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Shadowgraph Contrast of Internal Wave Trains During Absorption -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental System and Methods -- 3 Results and Conclusions -- References -- Formation of Mach-Stems on Shock Fronts and Cellular Detonations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stability Analysis of Shock Waves -- 2.1 Formulation -- 2.2 Pressure and Entropy-Vorticity Waves -- 2.3 Compatibility Condition -- 2.4 Boundary Conditions at the Shock -- 2.5 General Case -- 2.6 Polytropic Gases -- 2.6.1 Neutral Modes -- 2.6.2 Non-radiating Condition -- 3 Weakly Nonlinear Analysis -- 3.1 Strong Shocks in the Newtonian Limit -- 3.2 Perturbation Method -- 3.2.1 Isobaric Approximation -- 3.2.2 Compatibility Condition -- 3.3 Result for Simple Waves -- 3.3.1 Isobaric Analysis -- 3.3.2 Validity of the Isobaric Approximation -- 3.3.3 Burgers Equation -- 4 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- References -- Cavity Solitons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Main Properties of Cavity Solitons -- 3 Cavity Soliton Laser and Cavity Soliton Billiard -- References -- Three-Wave Backward Optical Solitons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Three-Wave Model and Analytical Solitary-Wave Solutions -- 2.1 Solitary Wave Solution -- 3 Self-pulsing in a Backward Doubly Resonant OPO -- 3.1 Inhomogeneous Stationary Solutions -- 3.2 Stability Analysis of the Inhomogeneous Stationary Solutions -- 3.2.1 Absence of Walk-Off. , 3.2.2 Finite Temporal Walk-Off.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 -- Geological and Geophysical Characteristics of the Transform Fault Zones1 -- 1.1 General Description -- 1.2 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone -- 1.3 Vema Fracture Zone -- 1.4 Romanche Fracture Zone -- 1.5 Chain Fracture Zone -- 1.6 Vema Channel -- Chapter 2 -- Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- 2.1 General Description -- 2.2 Antarctic Intermediate Water -- 2.3 Upper Circumpolar Water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water -- 2.4 North Atlantic Deep Water -- 2.5 Lower Circumpolar Water and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, Circumpolar Bottom Water, Southeast Pacific Deep Water, and Warm D -- 2.6 Antarctic Bottom Water -- Chapter 3 -- Source Regions, Abyssal Pathways, and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- 3.1 General Description -- 3.2 Weddell Sea and Weddell Gyre -- 3.3 Agulhas and Cape Basins -- 3.4 Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, and Georgia Basin -- 3.4.1 General Description and Bottom Topography -- 3.4.2 Deep and Bottom Water Masses and Previous Concepts of Circulation -- 3.4.3 Analysis of Recent Data -- 3.5 Antarctic Bottom Water in the Argentine Basin -- Chapter 4 -- Exchange Between the Argentine and Brazil Basins -- Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- 4.1 General Description -- 4.2 Vema Channel -- 4.2.1 Topography and General Description -- 4.2.2 History of Research and Datasets of Long-Term Observations -- 4.2.3 Deep and Bottom Waters -- 4.2.4 Section Along the Channel -- 4.2.5 Structure of the Flow. Sections Across the Channel -- 4.2.6 Trends in Potential Temperature and Salinity of the Coldest Bottom Water Observed Since 1972 -- 4.2.7 Salinity Variations -- 4.2.8 Flow in the Southern Part of the Channel at the Boundary with the Argentine Basin. , 4.2.9 Moored Observations of Velocities in the Channel -- 4.2.10 Measurements with the Lowered ADCP -- 4.2.11 Moored Measurements and Satellite Topography -- 4.2.12 Temperature Fluctuations and Current Shear in the Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water at the Vema Sill -- 4.2.13 Suspended Matter in the Channel and Adjacent Slopes of the Rio Grande Rise -- 4.3 Santos Plateau -- 4.4 Hunter Channel -- Chapter 5 -- Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- 5.1 Brazil Basin -- 5.2 Flow in the Guiana Basin and Westward Equatorial Channels -- 5.3 North American Basin -- 5.4 Eastward Equatorial Channels. The Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.1 Research History -- 5.4.2 Moored and LADCP Measurements of Currents -- 5.4.3 CTD-Sections Along and Across the Fracture Zones -- 5.4.4 Time Variations in Temperature and Salinity -- 5.4.5 Underwater Cataract in the Chain Fracture Zone -- 5.5 Vema Fracture Zone -- 5.5.1 Bottom Topography -- 5.5.2 Measurements -- 5.5.3 Structure of Bottom Flow -- 5.5.4 Bottom Water Transport -- 5.6 Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- 5.6.1 General Description -- 5.6.2 Mixing Caused by the Barotropic Tide -- 5.7 Kane Gap -- 5.8 Angola Basin -- Chapter 6 -- Flows through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Northern Channels. Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone and Other Fracture Zones1 -- Integrated Conclusions -- References.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- 1.1 General Description -- 1.2 Global Overturning Circulation -- 1.3 Mechanisms of the Formation of the Deep and Bottom Waters -- 1.4 Classifications of Deep and Bottom Waters in the Atlantic -- 1.5 Upper Circumpolar Water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water -- 1.6 North Atlantic Deep Water -- 1.7 Lower Circumpolar Water and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, Circumpolar Bottom Water, Southeast Pacific Deep Water, and Warm... -- 1.8 Antarctic Bottom Water -- References -- Chapter 2: General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- 2.1 Propagation of Deep and Bottom Waters as Series of Deep Cataracts -- 2.2 Propagation of Antarctic Waters in the Abyss of the Atlantic -- 2.3 Comparison of Spreading of Water Masses -- References -- Chapter 3: Source Regions -- 3.1 Weddell Sea and Weddell Gyre -- 3.2 Agulhas and Cape Basins -- 3.3 Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, and Georgia Basin -- 3.3.1 General Description and Bottom Topography -- 3.3.2 Deep and Bottom Water Masses and Previous Concepts of Circulation -- 3.3.3 Analysis of Recent Data -- 3.3.3.1 Data of Measurements in the Drake Passage and Methods of Processing -- 3.3.3.2 Depth of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Penetration in the Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.2.1 On Quasi-Zero Transport of Abyssal Waters -- 3.3.3.2.2 Transformation of Circumpolar Bottom Water from the Southeast Pacific Ocean to the Western Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.2.3 Role of the Phoenix, Shackleton, and North Scotia Thresholds in the Formation of the Orographic Barrier for the ACC ... -- 3.3.3.3 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea and Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.3.1 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea. , 3.3.3.3.2 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the South Shetland Trench -- 3.3.3.3.3 Weddell Sea Deep Water West of the Hero Ridge -- 3.3.3.3.4 Quantitative Characteristics of Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea and in the Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.4 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Scotia Sea and Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.4.1 Shackleton and Hero Ridges as Partially Permeable Barriers for Circumpolar Bottom Water -- 3.3.3.4.2 Circumpolar Bottom Water Exchange over the Shackleton Ridge -- 3.3.3.4.3 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Phoenix Basin -- 3.3.3.4.4 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.4.5 Circumpolar Bottom Water North of the Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.4.6 Quantitative Characteristics of Circumpolar Bottom Water -- 3.3.3.5 Warm Deep Water in the Scotia Sea -- 3.4 Antarctic Bottom Water in the Argentine Basin -- References -- Chapter 4: Exchange Between the Argentine and Brazil Basins -- Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Anta... -- 4.1 General Description -- 4.2 Vema Channel -- 4.2.1 Topography and General Description -- 4.2.2 History of Research and Datasets of Long-Term Observations -- 4.2.3 Deep and Bottom Waters -- 4.2.4 Section Along the Channel -- 4.2.5 Structure of the Flow. Sections Across the Channel -- 4.2.6 Trends in Potential Temperature and Salinity of the Coldest Bottom Water Observed Since 1972 -- 4.2.7 Salinity Variations -- 4.2.8 Flow in the Southern Part of the Channel at the Boundary with the Argentine Basin -- 4.2.9 Moored Observations of Velocities in the Channel -- 4.2.10 Measurements with the Lowered ADCP -- 4.2.11 Extreme Transport Velocities of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Deep-Water Vema Channel -- 4.2.12 Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Vema Channel -- 4.3 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow in the South Atlantic -- 4.4 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow Through the Vema Channel. , 4.5 Santos Plateau -- 4.6 Hunter Channel -- References -- Chapter 5: Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- 5.1 Brazil Basin -- 5.2 Flow in the Guiana Basin and Westward Equatorial Channels -- 5.3 North American Basin -- 5.4 Eastward Equatorial Channels. The Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.1 Research History -- 5.4.2 Bottom Topography -- 5.4.3 Hydrography of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.4 Currents in the Eastern Parts of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.5 Temperature Distributions Along the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.6 Long-Term Variations in Temperature and Salinity -- 5.4.7 Inflow of Antarctic Bottom Water and Deep Spillway in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.7.1 Description of Data and Data Processing -- 5.4.7.2 Bottom Topography in the Deep Spillway Region -- 5.4.7.3 CTD/LADCP Measurements in the Deep Spillway Region in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.7.4 Deep Spillway at the Entrance to the Romanche Fracture Zone, Structure of Bottom Currents -- 5.4.7.5 Mooring Observations -- 5.4.7.6 Transport of Abyssal Waters in the Deep Spillway Region -- 5.4.7.7 Mixing at the Entrance to the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.8 Summary -- 5.4.9 Abyssal Spillway at the Main Sill in the Chain Fracture Zone -- 5.4.10 Abyssal Spillway at the Nameless Sill of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.11 Modeling of the Flow in the Romanche Fracture Zone -- References -- Chapter 6: Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic -- 6.1 Vema Fracture Zone -- 6.1.1 Bottom Topography -- 6.1.2 Measurements -- 6.1.3 Structure of Bottom Flow Based on the Measurements in 2006 -- 6.1.4 Bottom Water Transport Based on the Measurements in 2006 -- 6.1.5 Bottom Flow Through the Vema Fracture Zone Based on the Measurements in 2014-2016. , 6.2 Other Fracture Zones of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge -- 6.2.1 Strakhov Fracture Zone (Four North Fracture Zone) (353′ N) -- 6.2.2 Bogdanov Fracture Zone (710′ N) -- 6.2.3 Nameless Fracture Zone (728′ N) -- 6.2.4 Vernadsky Fracture Zone (749′ N) -- 6.2.5 Doldrums Fracture Zone (8 N) and a Rift Valley South of It -- 6.2.6 Arkhangelsky Fracture Zone (9 N) -- 6.2.7 Ten Degree Fracture Zone (957′ N) -- 6.2.8 Rift Valley South of the Vema Fracture Zone (1021′ N) -- 6.2.9 Marathon Fracture Zone (1240′ N) -- 6.2.10 Fifteen Twenty Fracture Zone (Cabo Verde Fracture Zone) (1516′ N) -- 6.2.11 Kane Fracture Zone (24 N) -- 6.2.12 Pathways and AABW Transport Through the Northern Part of the MAR -- 6.3 Modeling of the Flow Through the Northern MAR -- References -- Chapter 7: Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- 7.1 General Description -- 7.2 Mixing Caused by the Barotropic Tide -- 7.3 Kane Gap -- 7.4 Angola Basin -- References -- Chapter 8: Passages in the East Azores Ridge -- 8.1 General Description -- 8.2 Discovery Gap -- 8.3 Western Gap -- 8.4 Modeling -- References -- Chapter 9: Flows Through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic -- 9.1 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone -- 9.2 Overflow in the Denmark Strait -- 9.3 Overflow in the Faroe-Shetland Channel -- 9.4 Overflow in the Gibraltar Strait -- 9.5 Gravity Current in the Bear Island Trough -- References -- Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction and Physical Oceanography -- Chapter 1: Geostrophic and Wind-Driven Components of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Description of the INMOM Ocean Global Circulation Model and Scenarios of Experiments -- 1.3 Geostrophic and Wind-Driven Parts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- 1.4 Discussion -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Multi-jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- References -- Chapter 3: Frontal Zone Between Relatively Warm and Cold Waters in the Northern Weddell Sea -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Data -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Hydrology of the Region -- 3.5 Hydrochemistry -- 3.6 Optical Properties -- 3.7 Phytoplankton -- 3.8 Zooplankton -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Water Masses, Currents, and Phytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait in January 2020 -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Data -- 4.3 Temperature, Salinity, and Currents -- 4.4 Hydrochemical Structure of Waters -- 4.5 Pelagic Microalgae Communities -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Intra-annual Variability of Water Structure in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean Based on the ECMWF ORA-S3 and OI SST Reanalysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Data and Methods -- 5.3 Results -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: The Circulation and Mixing Zone in the Antarctic Sound in February 2020 -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Study Site -- 6.1.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.1.2.1 Satellite Images -- Synthetic Aperture Radar Images -- Optical Imaging of the Ocean Surface -- 6.1.2.2 Ship Measurements -- 6.2 Results -- 6.2.1 Satellite Observations -- 6.2.2 CTD Results -- 6.2.3 Results of Measurements of Currents Using SADCP -- 6.3 Discussion -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 7: Rogue Waves in the Drake Passage: Unpredictable Hazard -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Field Data of Anomalously Large Waves in the Drake Passage -- 7.3 Wave-Current Interaction as a Mechanism of Rogue Wave Formation -- 7.3.1 Unidirectional Wave Propagation -- 7.3.2 Wave Refraction on a Shear Flow -- 7.4 Anomalously Large Internal Waves -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Water Mass Transformation in the Powell Basin -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Regional Oceanography -- 8.3 Data and Layer Definitions -- 8.4 Preliminary Results -- 8.4.1 Mixing and Transformation of WDW and WW -- 8.4.2 Weddell Sea Slope Water and Hydrological Role of Its Inflow into the Powell Basin -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Interannual Variations of Water Mass Properties in the Central Basin of the Bransfield Strait -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data and Methods -- 9.3 Density Loss of Bransfield Deep Water in the Central Basin of the Bransfield Strait -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Concentration Analysis Based on the NOAA Long-Term Satellite and Sea-Truth Data in the Atlantic Antarctic -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Initial Data -- 10.3 Data Analysis of Sea Ice Concentration -- 10.4 Data Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Chemical Oceanography, Seawater Optical Properties, Productivity and Microbial Processes -- Chapter 11: Hydrochemical Structure of Waters in the Northern Weddell Sea in Austral Summer 2020 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.3 Results -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Features and Processes of the Oxygen and pCO2 Dynamics in the Surface Waters in the Western Parts of the Weddell and Scotia Seas (Southern Ocean) -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods. , 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 The Oxygen Distribution -- 12.3.2 pCO2 Dynamics -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Earth's Insolation and Spatiotemporal Variability of Albedo in the Antarctic -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Method and Data -- 13.3 Analysis of the Results -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Quantitative and Productional Characteristics of Microplankton in the Powell Basin and Bransfield Strait in Summer -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Materials and Methods -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.3.1 Bacterioplankton -- 14.3.2 Chlorophyll -- 14.3.3 Primary Production -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Detection of Thermophilic Methanotrophic Microbial Communities in the Water Column of the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Site, Materials, and Methods -- 15.2.1 DNA Extraction -- 15.2.2 PCR Amplification of pmoA -- 15.2.3 Creation of Enrichment Culture -- 15.2.4 Determination of the Rate of Methane Oxidation in the Stored Culture -- 15.2.5 Gas Chromatography -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Spectral Bio-optical Properties of Waters in the Bransfield Strait and Powell Basin -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Methods -- 16.3 Results and Discussion -- 16.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Variability of Seawater Optical Properties in the Adjacent Water Basins of the Antarctic Peninsula in January and February 2020 -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Data and Methods -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Region of the Falkland (Malvinas) Current -- 17.3.2 Bransfield Strait -- 17.3.3 Antarctic Sound -- 17.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18: Bio-Optical Models for Estimating Euphotic Zone Depth in the Western Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic Summer -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Research Region. , 18.3 Measurements and Methods -- 18.4 Results -- 18.4.1 Analysis of the Vertical Distribution of PAR and Calculation of Light Penetration Depths -- 18.4.2 Estimation of Euphotic-Zone Depth from the Surface and Ocean Color Data -- 18.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19: Phycoerythrin Pigment Distribution in the Upper Water Layer Across the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone and Drake Passage -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Methods and Data -- 19.3 Results and Discussion -- 19.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20: Nanophytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait: Contribution of Cryptophyta to the Community Abundance and Biomass During Austral Summer -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Material and Methods -- 20.3 Results and Discussion -- 20.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Section Marine Ecosystems and Their Oceanographical Background -- Chapter 21: Phytopelagic Communities of the Powell Basin in the Summer of 2020 -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Materials and Methods -- 21.3 Results -- 21.3.1 Phytopelagic Cenoses during the First Stage of the Expedition (January 21, 2020-February 4, 2020) -- 21.3.2 Phytopelagic Cenoses in the Second Stage of the Expedition (February 12-24, 2020) -- 21.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 22: Bioluminescence in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean Based on the Field Observations and Sounding Data -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Material and Methods -- 22.2.1 Material -- 22.2.2 Biophysical System Salpa-M -- 22.2.3 Bioluminescent Field and Its Characteristics -- 22.3 Results -- 22.3.1 Hydrological Characteristics of the Region -- 22.3.2 Bioluminescence -- References -- Chapter 23: Parasites as an Inseparable Part of Antarctic and Subantarctic Marine Biodiversity -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Systematic Review of Parasites of the Antarctic and Subantarctic -- 23.3 Faunistic Review of Parasites by Host Groups. , 23.3.1 Invertebrates -- 23.3.2 Vertebrates -- 23.4 Assessment of Parasite Species Diversity in the Antarctic and Subantarctic -- 23.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 24: Spatial Distribution, Species Composition, and Number of Seabirds in the Argentine Basin, Drake Passage, East of Antarctic Peninsula, and Powell Basin in January-March 2020 -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Materials and Methods -- 24.3 Results -- 24.3.1 Species Composition and General Occurrence -- 24.3.2 Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Different Species of Seabirds -- 24.3.3 Seabird Distribution in Concordance with the Sea Depth -- 24.3.4 Seabird Distributions Along the Vessel Route -- 24.4 Discussion -- 24.4.1 Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Different Species of Seabirds -- 24.4.2 Seabird Distribution in Concordance with the Sea Depth -- 24.4.3 Spatial and Linear Distributions of Seabirds in the Sea -- 24.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 25: Spatial Distribution, Species Composition, and Number of Marine Mammals in the Argentine Basin, Drake Passage, East of Antarctic Peninsula, and Powell Basin in January-March 2020 -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Materials and Methods -- 25.3 Results -- 25.3.1 Species Composition -- 25.3.2 Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Various Species of Marine Mammals -- 25.3.3 Marine Mammal Distribution Correlated with the Sea Depth -- 25.3.4 Marine Mammal Distributions Along the Vessel's Route -- 25.4 Discussion -- 25.4.1 Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Different Species of Marine Mammals -- 25.4.2 Sea Mammal Distribution Related to the Sea Depth -- 25.4.3 Spatial and Linear Distributions of Sea Mammals -- 25.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 26: Meat in the Ocean: How Much and Who Is to Blame? -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Materials and Methods -- 26.3 Results -- 26.4 Discussion -- 26.5 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 27: Macro- and Mesozooplankton in the Powell Basin (Antarctica): Species Composition and Distribution of Abundance and Biomass in February 2020.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- Abstract -- 1 Modern Concepts About Oceanic Internal Waves -- Abstract -- 1.1 Main Relations -- 1.2 The Garrett and Munk Spectral Background Model -- 1.3 Generation of Internal Waves -- 1.4 Some Mathematical Tools of Data Processing and Modeling -- 1.4.1 Vlasenko Numerical Model -- 1.4.2 Spatiotemporal Spectrum -- 1.4.3 Dispersion Relation -- 1.5 General Notes on Internal Tides -- 1.6 Observations of Internal Tides in Different Regions of the Ocean -- References -- 2 Observations of Internal Tides in the Atlantic Ocean -- Abstract -- 2.1 Gibraltar Strait -- 2.2 Messina Strait -- 2.3 Canary Basin, Gambia Abyssal Plain -- 2.4 Sargasso Sea, POLYMODE, LDE, ARRAY, WOCE ACM-1, LOTUS, LLWODP, FASINEX-86, and IWEX Experiments -- 2.5 Southwest Atlantic, Trindadi and Martin Vas Islands, Brazil Basin, Santos Plateau, WOCE ACM-24, ACM-3, ACM-12 Experiments -- 2.6 East Equatorial Atlantic, Gulf of Guinea, GATE-77 Experiment -- 2.7 Northwest Atlantic, SYNOP-87, Gulf Stream Extension-79, RISE-74 Experiments -- 2.8 Northwest Atlantic Shelf -- 2.9 West of Great Britain, CONSLEX, NEADS Experiments -- 2.10 Gulf of Mexico -- 2.11 Falkland Gap, MAPCOWS-86 Experiment -- 2.12 Biscay Bay -- 2.13 West of the Iberian Peninsula and Gibraltar Strait, MORENA, WOCE ACM-27, ACM-28, Vityaz-88 Experiments -- 2.14 West Equatorial Atlantic, WOCE ACM-10 Experiment -- 2.15 Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones, WOCE ACM-11 Experiment -- 2.16 Hunter Channel -- 2.17 Reykjanes Ridge -- 2.18 Central Equatorial Atlantic, SEQUAL, PIRATA Experiments -- 2.19 Denmark Strait, WOCE ACM-8 Experiment -- 2.20 Iceland-Faroe Overflow, WOCE ACM-8 Experiment -- 2.21 North Atlantic, Irminger Basin, WOCE ACM-8 Experiment -- 2.22 Benguela Region, WOCE ACM-4 Experiment -- 2.23 Norwegian Sea. , 2.24 Mid-Atlantic Ridge (27°N) -- 2.25 Agulhas Region -- 2.26 West Tropical Atlantic, MOVE Experiment -- 2.27 Labrador Sea -- References -- 3 Observations of Internal Tides in the Pacific Ocean -- Abstract -- 3.1 Henderson Seamount (25°N, 119°W) -- 3.2 West of California and Oregon, South of the Mendocino Escarpment, DM-86, Abrupt Topography, LLWODP WEST, OPTOMA, WOCE PCM-2, and EBC Experiments -- 3.3 Northwest Pacific, Megapolygon-87, WP1, and WP2 Experiments -- 3.4 Emperor Seamounts -- 3.5 Kermadec Ridge, MAPKIWI Experiment -- 3.6 Equatorial Pacific, TOGA COARE, PEQUOD, Tropical Heat, MANOP, and EPOCS Experiments -- 3.7 East Tropical Pacific, East Pacific Rise, DOMES Experiment -- 3.8 Kyushu-Palau Ridge -- 3.9 Aleutian Ridge, FOCI (52°N, 170°W) -- GARS (59°N, 148°W), North Pacific Boundary Current (46°-51°N, 175°W) Experiments -- 3.10 Hawaii Islands -- 3.11 Karin Ridge (17°N, 168°W) -- 3.12 Clipperton Ridge (10°N, 119°W) -- 3.13 Kuroshio Current -- 3.14 Kuroshio Extension, WOCE PCM-7, KERE Experiment -- 3.15 Monterey Bay -- 3.16 Central North Pacific (152°W, 175°W) (31°-41°N, 175°E) -- 3.17 Bussol Strait, Sea of Okhotsk -- 3.18 West of Peru -- 3.19 Southeast Australia, Australian Coastal Experiment (ACE) -- 3.20 East of Australia, WOCE PCM-3 Experiment -- 3.21 Lord Howe Rise -- 3.22 Storms Experiment -- 3.23 Southeast of New Zealand, RIDGE Experiment -- 3.24 Samoan Passage, WOCE PCM-11 Experiment -- 3.25 British Columbia -- 3.26 South China Sea -- 3.27 Tasman Sea -- References -- 4 Observations of Internal Tides in the Indian Ocean -- Abstract -- 4.1 Mascarene Ridge -- 4.2 Madagascar Basin -- 4.3 Kerguelen Rise -- 4.4 Bab el Mandeb Strait -- 4.5 Southwest Indian Ocean (20°S -- 50°E, 70°E, and 90°E), MAPSOON, WOCE ICM-3 Experiments -- 4.6 Arabian Sea -- 4.7 Indonesian Throughflow, MALUKU, JADE, WOCE ICM-4, Arlindo, and Makassar Experiments. , 4.8 Mozambique Channel, Agulhas, WOCE ICM-1 Experiment -- 4.9 Western Australia, LEEUWIN, WOCE ICM-6 Experiments -- 4.10 Equatorial Indian Ocean -- 4.11 South of Africa -- 4.12 Southwest of Australia, WOCE SCM-4 Experiment -- References -- 5 Observations of Internal Tides in the Southern Ocean -- Abstract -- 5.1 Drake Passage -- 5.2 South of New Zealand, East of the Macquarie Ridge -- 5.3 PRIZM Experiment, Ross Sea -- 5.4 Antarctic Slope, Cape Adare -- 5.5 Greenwich Meridian, Bouvet Island, WOCE SCM-2 Experiment -- 5.6 Southwest of Tasmania, WOCE SCM-3 and SAZ Experiments -- 5.7 Southeast of the Crozet Islands, WOCE SCM-6, Antarctic Deep Outflow Experiment -- 5.8 Weddell Sea, WOCE SCM-7 Experiment -- 5.9 Prince Edward Islands -- 5.10 Antarctic Slope, SOGLOBEC Experiment West of the Antarctic Peninsula -- 5.11 Ridge Experiment, Campbell Plateau -- 5.12 South Orkney Islands -- 5.13 South Sandwich Islands -- References -- 6 Observations of Internal Tides in the Arctic Ocean -- Abstract -- 6.1 General Notes -- 6.2 Internal Tides in the Arctic Seas of Russia -- 6.3 Great Siberian Polynya -- 6.4 Kara Gates -- 6.5 Beaufort Sea -- 6.6 Lomonosov Ridge -- 6.7 North Pole -- 6.8 Greenland Sea -- References -- 7 Properties of Internal Tides -- Abstract -- 7.1 Spectral Composition of Internal Tides -- 7.2 Modulation of Semidiurnal Internal Tide -- 7.3 Eigen Functions for the Internal Wave Equation -- 7.4 Mode Composition of Internal Tides -- 7.5 Separation of Semidiurnal Fluctuations of Currents Caused by the Barotropic and Internal Tides -- 7.6 Beam Propagation of Internal Tides -- 7.7 Long Distance Propagation of Internal Tides and Their Energy Decay with Distance -- 7.8 Influence of Internal Tides on Antarctic Bottom Water Flow -- References -- 8 Semidiurnal Internal Wave Global Field -- Global Estimates of Internal Tide Energy -- Abstract -- References. , Conclusions -- Concise Conclusions -- References.

Note: Includes bibliographical references

Note: Literaturangaben

Note: Geological and geophysical characteristics of the transform fault zones -- Deep water masses of the South and North Atlantic -- Source regions, Abyssal pathways, and bottom flow channels (for waters of the Antarctic origin) -- Exchange between the Argentine and Brazil Basins, Abyssal pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for waters of the Antarctic origin) -- Further propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- Flows through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Northern Channels : Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone and other Fracture Zones.