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  • 1
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    Separate and combined effects of neurotoxic and lytic compounds of Alexandrium strains on Mytilus edulis feeding activity and hemocyte function (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Elsevier, 84, pp. 414-422
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-01
    Description: Multiple toxic and bioactive compounds produced by Alexandrium spp. cause adverse effects on bivalves, but these effects are frequently difficult to attribute to a single compound class. To disentangle the effect of neurotoxic vs lytic secondary metabolites, we exposed blue mussels to either a paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) producing Alexandrium spp. strain, or to an exclusively lytic compound (LC) producing strain, or a strain containing both compound classes, to evaluate the time dependent effects after 3 and 7 days of feeding. Tested parameters comprised signs of paralysis, feeding activity, and immune cell integrity (hemocyte numbers and viability; lysosomal membrane destabilization) and function (ROS production). Both compound classes caused paralysis and immune impairment. The only effect attributable exclusively to PST was increased phagocytic activity after 3 days and impaired feeding activity after 7 days, which curtailed toxin accumulation in digestive glands. Paralysis signals and lysosomal membrane destabilization were more closely, but not exclusively, matched with LC exposure. Effects on circulating hemocyte integrity and immune related functions were mostly transient or remain stable within 7 days; except for increased lysosomal labialization and decreased extracellular ROS production when mussels were exposed to the toxin combination. M. edulis displays adaptive fitness traits to survive and maintain immune capacity upon prolonged exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PST and/or LC producing Alexandrium strains.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Morphology, toxicity, and phylogeny of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species along the coast of China (2013)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 27, pp. 68-81, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The toxigenic genus Alexandrium includes ∼30 species, but information about its biogeography at a regional scale is limited. In this study, we explored the diversity of Alexandrium along the coast of China by incubating resting cysts collected from 7 sites. A total of 231 strains of Alexandrium belonging to 7 morphospecies were found. Among them, Alexandrium andersonii, Alexandrium fraterculum, Alexandrium leei, Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax, and Alexandrium tamutum were recorded from the China Sea for the first time. Partial large subunit (LSU) and/or internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA) sequences revealed two ribotypes of Alexandrium andersonii, Alexandrium leei, and Alexandrium tamarense: Atama complex Group I and IV. Atama complex Group I was exclusively distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, whereas Group IV was restricted to the East China Sea and South China Sea. Atama complex Group I produced mainly N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/C2, 61–79% of total toxins) and gonyautoxins (GTX1/4, 17–37%). Alexandrium ostenfeldii strain ASBH01 produced NEO and STX exclusively (65% and 35%, respectively). Our results support the premise that Atama complex Group I is endemic to the Asian Pacific and includes cold water species, whereas Atama complex Group IV tends to inhabit warmer waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    In Vitro Effects of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Lytic Extracellular Compounds Produced by Alexandrium Strains on Hemocyte Integrity and Function in Mytilus edulis (2021)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Toxins, MDPI, 13(8), pp. 544, ISSN: 2072-6651
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-12
    Description: Harmful effects caused by the exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) on bivalves are frequently difficult to attribute to one or the other compound group. We evaluate and compare the distinct effects of PSTs extracted from Alexandrium catenella (Alex5) cells and extracellular lytic compounds (LCs) produced by A. tamarense (NX-57-08) on Mytilus edulis hemocytes. We used a 4 h dose–response in vitro approach and analyzed how these effects correlate with those observed in a previous in vivo feeding assay. Both bioactive compounds caused moderated cell death (10–15%), being dose-dependent for PST-exposed hemocytes. PSTs stimulated phagocytic activity at low doses, with a moderate incidence in lysosomal damage (30–50%) at all tested doses. LCs caused a dose-dependent impairment of phagocytic activity (up to 80%) and damage to lysosomal membranes (up to 90%). PSTs and LCs suppressed cellular ROS production and scavenged H2O2 in in vitro assays. Neither PSTs nor LCs affected the mitochondrial membrane potential in hemocytes. In vitro effects of PST extracts on M. edulis hemocytes were consistent with our previous study on in vivo exposure to PST-producing algae, while for LCs, in vivo and in vitro results were not as consistent.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Variability of dinoflagellates and their associated toxins in relation with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay, eastern Indonesia (2020)
    PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 150, pp. 110778, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The aim of the present work was to unravel which environmental drivers govern the dynamics of toxic dinoflagellate abundance as well as their associated paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Weather, biological and physicochemical parameters were investigated weekly over a 7-month period. Both PSTs and PTX2 were detected at low levels, yet they persisted throughout the research. Meanwhile, DSTs were absent. A strong correlation was found between total particulate PST and Gymnodinium catenatum cell abundance, implying that this species was the main producer of this toxin. PTX2 was positively correlated with Dinophysis miles cell abundance. Vertical mixing, tidal elevation and irradiance attenuation were the main environmental factors that regulated both toxins and cell abundances, while nutrients showed only weak correlations. The present study indicates that dinoflagellate toxins form a potential environmental, economic and health risk in this Eastern Indonesian bay.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Chlorophyll a measurements from discrete water samples during RV HEINCKE cruise HE492 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This dataset was collected during the cruise HE492 (29.07.2017 to 17.08.2017) with RV HEINCKE from Trondheim, Norway to Longyearbyen, Svalbard - Norway. It contains chlorophyll a measurements [µg/L] from water samples collected from dicrete sampling via CTD. In total, 37 stations have been sampled. The obtain chl-a concentrations water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (WhatmannWhatman GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 700 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Arar & Collins, 1997) . Chief Scientist of HE492: Dr. Uwe John, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; ELEVATION; Event label; Fluorescence; Fluorometric measurement, Turner Design TD700, Arar & Collins (1997); HE492; HE492/10-1; HE492/11-1; HE492/13-1; HE492/14-2; HE492/16-1; HE492/17-1; HE492/19-1; HE492/20-1; HE492/2-1; HE492/21-1; HE492/23-1; HE492/24-1; HE492/25-1; HE492/26-1; HE492/27-1; HE492/28-1; HE492/3-1; HE492/5-1; HE492/6-1; HE492/7-1; HE492/9-1; Heincke; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Greenland Sea; North Sea; Norwegian Sea; Station label; Svalbard
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 116 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Chlorophyll a measurements from discrete water samples during RV HEINCKE cruise HE533 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This dataset was collected during the cruise HE533 (16.05.2019 to 11.06.2019) with RV HEINCKE from Bremerhaven, Germany to Bremerhaven, Germany. It contains chlorophyll a measurements [µg/L] from water samples collected from dicrete sampling via CTD. In total, 29 stations have been sampled. The obtain chl-a concentrations water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (WhatmannWhatman GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 700 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Arar & Collins, 1997) . Chief Scientist of HE533: Dr. Uwe John, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Keywords: Barents Sea; Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; ELEVATION; Event label; Fluorescence; Fluorometric measurement, Turner Design TD700, Arar & Collins (1997); HE533; HE533_10-1; HE533_1-1; HE533_11-1; HE533_12-1; HE533_13-1; HE533_14-2; HE533_15-1; HE533_16-1; HE533_17-2; HE533_18-1; HE533_19-2; HE533_20-1; HE533_2-1; HE533_21-1; HE533_22-1; HE533_23-1; HE533_25-1; HE533_26-2; HE533_27-1; HE533_28-1; HE533_3-1; HE533_4-1; HE533_5-2; HE533_6-1; HE533_7-1; HE533_8-1; HE533_9-2; Heincke; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Atlantic/Norwegian Sea; North Sea; Norwegian Sea; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 156 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Determination of phycotoxins during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM65 along the west Greenland coast in Summer 2017 by tandem mass spectrometry (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Keywords: 13-desmethyl spirolide C per net tow; 20-methyl spirolide G per net tow; AWI_EcolChem; Baffin Bay; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Davis Strait; Domoic acid per net tow; Ecological Chemistry @ AWI; Elevation of event; Event label; Gonyautoxins 1/4 per net tow; Gonyautoxins 2/3 per net tow; GREENHAB II; Identification; Labrador Sea; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Maria S. Merian; MSM65; MSM65/11-1; MSM65/12-1; MSM65/13-1; MSM65/15-2; MSM65/16-1; MSM65/18-1; MSM65/19-1; MSM65/20-1; MSM65/22-1; MSM65/23-1; MSM65/25-1; MSM65/26-1; MSM65/27-1; MSM65/28-1; MSM65/29-1; MSM65/31-1; MSM65/32-1; MSM65/34-1; MSM65/35-1; MSM65/37-1; MSM65/38-1; MSM65/39-1; MSM65/4-1; MSM65/41-1; MSM65/42-1; MSM65/43-1; MSM65/45-3; MSM65/46-1; MSM65/47-1; MSM65/49-4; MSM65/50-1; MSM65/51-1; MSM65/53-4; MSM65/54-1; MSM65/55-1; MSM65/57-4; MSM65/58-1; MSM65/60-4; MSM65/6-1; MSM65/61-1; MSM65/62-1; MSM65/63-4; MSM65/64-1; MSM65/65-1; MSM65/66-5; MSM65/67-1; MSM65/68-1; MSM65/7-1; MSM65/8-1; MSM65/9-1; Neosaxitoxin per net tow; Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins per net tow; Pectenotoxin 2 per net tow; Saxitoxin per net tow; Spirolide A per net tow; Spirolide C per net tow; Spirolide H per net tow; Station label; Tandem mass spectrometry; Yessotoxin per net tow
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 632 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Chlorophyll a measurements from discrete water samples during RV HEINCKE cruise HE431 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This dataset was collected during the cruise HE431 (08.08.2014 to 08.09.2014) with RV HEINCKE from Bremerhaven, Germany to Bremerhaven, Germany. It contains chlorophyll a measurements [µg/L] from water samples collected from dicrete sampling via CTD. In total, 31 stations have been sampled. The obtain chl-a concentrations water samples were filtered onboard in triplicate through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (WhatmannWhatman GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 700 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Arar & Collins, 1997) . Chief Scientist of HE431: Dr. Uwe John, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; ELEVATION; Event label; Fluorescence; Fluorometric measurement, Turner Design TD700, Arar & Collins (1997); HE431; HE431/01-1; HE431/02-1; HE431/03-1; HE431/04-1; HE431/05-1; HE431/06-1; HE431/07-1; HE431/08-1; HE431/09-1; HE431/13-1; HE431/14-1; HE431/15-1; HE431/16-1; HE431/17-1; HE431/18-1; HE431/19-1; HE431/20-1; HE431/21-1; HE431/22-1; HE431/23-1; HE431/24-1; HE431/25-1; HE431/26-1; HE431/27-1; HE431/28-1; HE431/29-1; HE431/30-1; HE431/31-1; Heincke; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; LATITUDE; Lofoten; LONGITUDE; Nordfjord; North Sea; Norway; Norwegian Sea; Skagerrak; Sognefjord; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 504 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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