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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant levels from different Antarctic fish caught around South Georgia Island and Shag Rocks (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 160-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antarctic fish have been isolated for over several million years in an environment with a very low and constant temperature and high oxygen concentration. In such conditions the oxidative stress might be an important factor affecting their metabolic adaptive strategies. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E levels and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) were measured in liver, gill, heart and muscle homogenates of red-blooded (Nototheniidae) and white-blooded (Channichthyidae) Antarctic fish. SOD activity was also measured in blood samples. Gill SOD activity was threefold higher in channichthyids than in nototheniids while CAT and GPx were significantly higher in the gills of channichthyids. The increased SOD activity of channichthyids probably reflects the large PO2 gradient across their gills. The H2O2 produced seems to be preferentially eliminated by diffusion, according to the low levels of CAT and GPx found in the gills of these species. In contrast, blood SOD was about fivefold higher in the latter group, which possesses erythrocytes and thus a much higher oxygen-carrying capacity. CAT activity was always higher in nototheniids except in muscle. However, vitamin E did not show clear differences between families except for the pattern observed in muscle. The higher content of vitamin E in this tissue shown in channichthyids is related to the higher volume density of mitochondria reported for this group, since vitamin E is responsible for preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, TRAP (representative of hydrosoluble antioxidant capacity) was also higher in muscle of channichthyids. This is probably related to the role of ascorbic (a hydrosoluble compound) acid in regenerating vitamin E.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050022
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  • 2
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    Ex vivo and in vivo effects of arsenite on GST and ABCC2 activity and expression in the middle intestine of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 225, pp. 108566, ISSN: 15320456
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Does shell shape variation play a role in conservation of the long‐lived freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis (Bivalvia, Hyriidae)? (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecohydrology, Wiley, 11, pp. e1931
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: Freshwater bivalves of the order Unionoida display an uncommon phenotypic plasticity with high interpopulation and intrapopulation morphological variability, which could be advantageous for coping with habitat modifications. However, unionoids have suffered a marked population decline in different parts of the world in the last decades. A decline in some populations of the South American long‐lived freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis as a consequence of habitat deterioration has recently been recorded. Ontogenetic allometry and shape variation in shells of D. chilensis from 2 different sites, Paimun lake and Chimehuin river, North Patagonia, Argentina, have been studied. For these purposes, geometric morphometric methods were used. Shell shape shows differences between sites, which the shells from Chimehuin river show less intrapopulation variability; are more elongated, with the anterior part extended upwards and the posterior part downwards; and show a steeper anterior curvature at the umbo compared to those from Paimún lake. These characteristics make shell shape more streamlined to withstand river current. Furthermore, the extended posterior‐ventral part in river shells coincides with higher foot weight that would improve anchoring to the river rocky–sandy substrate. River shells present a bounded eco‐morphotype whereas the higher variability of lake shells includes the “river eco‐morphotype.” Growth is allometric throughout life in both sites and is not sex‐dependent. The success of river repopulation programmes using mussels from lake populations may be increased by transplanting selected individuals that show “river eco‐morphotype.”
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 204, pp. 111069, ISSN: 01476513
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-01
    Description: We studied the absorption, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) from three extracts from Alexandrium catenella and A. ostenfeldii, in middle Oncorhynchus mykiss intestine in vitro and ex vivo preparations. We measured glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, and lipid peroxidation in isolated epithelium exposed to 0.13 and 1.3 μM PST. ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability (as neutral red retention time 50%, NRRT50) were analyzed in isolated enterocytes exposed to PST alone or plus 3 μM of the ABCC transport inhibitor MK571. In addition, the concentration-dependent effects of PST on NRRT50 were assayed in a concentration range from 0 to 1.3 μM PST. We studied the effects of three different PST extracts on the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG by isolated epithelium. The extract with highest inhibition capacity was selected for studying polarized DNP-SG transport in everted and non-everted intestinal segments. We registered lower GSH content and GST activity, and higher GR activity, with no significant changes in CAT activity, lipid peroxidation or ROS level. PST exposure decreased NRRT50 in a concentration-depend manner (IC50 = 0.0045 μM), but PST effects were not augmented by addition of MK571. All the three PST extracts inhibited ABCC transport activity, but this inhibition was effective only when the toxins were applied to the apical side of the intestine and DNP-SG transport was measured at the basolateral side. Our results indicate that PST are absorbed by the enterocytes from the intestine lumen. Inside the enterocytes, these toxins decrease GSH content and inhibit the basolateral ABCC transporters affecting the normal functions of the cell. Furthermore, PST produce a strong cytotoxic effect to the enterocytes by damaging the lysosomal membrane, even at low, non-neurotoxic concentrations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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