Anmerkung: Title -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- The First Section: Advanced Evolutionary Computing Theory and Algorithms -- Co-Evolutionary Cultural Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm -- Introduction -- Brief Description of PSO, CA and CEA -- Co-Evolutionary Cultural Based Particle Swarm Optimization -- Cultural Based Particle Swarm Optimization -- Co-Evolutionary Cultural Based Particle Swarm Optimization -- Simulations -- Conclusion -- References -- Non-cooperative Game Model Based Bandwidth Scheduling and the Optimization of Quantum-Inspired Weight Adaptive PSO in a Networked Learning Control System -- Introduction -- Non-cooperative Game Model for Scheduling in NLCS -- Nash Equilibrium in Scheduling Strategy of NLCS -- Quantum-Inspired Weight Adaptive PSO for NG Scheduling -- Simulation Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimizer for Liquidity Risk Portfolio Optimization -- Introduction -- The Improved Model-Liquidity Risk Portfolio Optimization -- The Proposed Bacterial Foraging Optimization -- Illustrative Examples -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- A Combined System for Power Quality Improvement in Grid-Parallel Microgrid -- Introduction -- Microgrid Configuration and Control System -- Combined System for Power Quality Improvement -- APF for Harmonic Elimination -- SVC for Reactive Power Compensation -- Simulation Results -- Simulation of Microgrid without Combined System -- Simulation of Microgrid with Combined System -- Conclusion -- References -- A Distance Sorting Based Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimizer and Its Applications -- Introduction -- Key Operators of DSMOPSO -- Evolve of External Population -- Update of Global Optimum -- Swarm Mutation Mechanism -- Detailed Computational Process -- Experiment -- Conclusion -- References. , A Discrete Harmony Search Algorithm -- Introduction -- Discrete Binary Harmony Search Algorithm -- Initialization of Harmony Memory -- Harmony Memory Consideration Rule -- Pitch Adjustment Rule -- Parameter Study on DBHS -- The Number of New Harmony Memory Generating -- Analysis of HMCR and PAR -- Numerical Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- CFBB PID Controller Tuning with Probability based Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm -- Introduction -- Probability Based Discrete Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm -- Basic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm -- Discrete Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (DBPSO) -- Probability based Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PBPSO) -- PBPSO Implementation for PID Controller Tuning of CFBB Using Matlab -- Mathematical Model of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFBB) -- Experiments and Simulation Results -- Comparison Results -- Conclusions -- References -- A Novel Cultural Algorithm and Its Application to the Constrained Optimization in Ammonia Synthesis -- Introduction -- Cultural Algorithm and Differential Evolution -- Proposed Cultural Algorithm -- Design of MCDE Algorithm -- Performance Evaluation -- Application of MCDE in Ammonia Synthesis -- Conclusions -- References -- Pareto Ant Colony Algorithm for Building Life Cycle Energy Consumption Optimization -- Introduction -- Description of Model -- Objective Functions -- Constraints -- Pareto Ant Colony Optimization of BLCECM -- Introduce of PACA -- Implementation of PACA in BLCECM -- Flow Chart -- Conclusions -- References -- Particle Swarm Optimization Based Clustering: A Comparison of Different Cluster Validity Indices -- Introduction -- Particle Swarm Optimization -- PSO Based Clustering Technique -- Experimental Results and Discussions -- Comparisons on the Clustering Accuracy -- Robustness Analysis -- Conclusions. , References -- A Frequency Domain Approach to PID Controllers Design in Boiler-Turbine Units -- Introduction -- Direct Nyquist Array (DNA) Design of PID Controllers -- Simulation -- Conclusions -- References -- An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm Based on Clayton Copula and Empirical Margins -- Introduction -- The Framework of Copula EDA -- Copula-EDA Based on Clayton Copula -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- Clonal Selection Classification Algorithm for High-Dimensional Data -- Introduction -- Background -- Uncorrelated Discriminant Analysis -- Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) -- The Proposed Algorithm -- Experimental Results -- UCI Data Classification -- SAR Image Classification -- Conclusion -- References -- The Second Section: Advanced Neural Network Theory and Algorithms -- A General Framework for High-Dimensional Data Reduction Using Unsupervised Bayesian Model -- Introduction -- Related Work -- The Proposed Algorithm -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- The Model Following Neural Control Applied to Energy-Saving BLDC Air Conditioner System -- Introduction -- Description of the Energy-Saving Air Condition System -- Description of the Neural Control -- Dynamic Simulations -- Conclusion -- References -- Develop of Specific Sewage Pretreatment and Network Monitoring System -- Introduction -- Research of Sewage Treatment Specific Pretreatment -- Develop of Real-Time Monitoring Network of Wastewater Treatment System -- Conclusion -- References -- Application of Radial Basis Function Neural Network in Modeling Wastewater Sludge Recycle System -- Introduction -- Process Description -- The Pilot Plant -- Process Control -- RBF Neural Network Base on Model -- Architecture of the RBF Neural Network -- The Learning Algorithm of the RBF Neural Network -- Simulation and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References. , Improved Stability Criteria for Delayed Neural Networks -- Introduction -- Problem Formulation -- Main Results -- Numerical Examples -- Conclusions -- References -- Aplication of the Single Neuron PID Controller on the Simulated Chassis Dynamometer -- Analysis of MCG-200-Type Vehicle Simulated Chassis Dynamometer Control System -- The Analysis of Controller Structure -- The Control of the Running Resistance in the Dynamometer Test -- The SingleNeuron Control Model -- The Simulation of the Single Neuron PID Control -- The Control of the First-Order Objects with Time-Lag Come from PIDNN -- The Control of the Non-linear Time-Varying Single-Variable Systems -- The Test Analysis of Simulated Chassis Dynamometer -- Conclusion -- References -- Research on the Neural Network Information Fusion Technology for Distinguishing Chemical Agents -- Introduction -- The Conception and Treatment Model of Information Fusion -- Conception -- Treatment Model -- The System Frame of the Information Fusion -- Hiberarchy -- Architecture -- Constructing the NN Information Fusion System -- Fusion Thought -- Model Construction -- Chemical Agents Feature Extraction -- System Realization -- Experiment and Simulation -- Conclusions -- References -- The Third Section: Innovative Education in Systems Modeling and Simulation -- Simulating Energy Requirements for an MDF Production Plant -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Process of MDF Manufacturing -- Model Development -- Defining the Conceptual Model -- Performing Data Collection and Analysis -- Developing the Simulation Model -- Model Validation and Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Three-Dimensional Mesh Generation for Human Heart Model -- Introduction -- Materials and Method -- Heart Anatomic Model -- Constrained Delaunay Tetrahedron Meshing -- Results -- Discussion -- References. , Interactive Identification Method for Box-Jenkins Models -- Introduction -- The Interactive LS Algorithm -- Example -- Conclusions -- References -- Research on Nano-repositioning of Atomic Force Microscopy Based on Nano-manipulation -- Introduction -- Modeling of AFM's Control System -- Control Theory and Methods of AFM Table -- Adaptive PID Control Theory Based on DRNN -- Results Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Research on Expression Method of a Unified Constraint Multi-domain Model for Complex Products -- Introduction -- Constraint Relationship for Complex Multi-domain Product's Model -- Constraint Description for Multi-domain Models of Complex Products -- Expression of a Single Constraint -- Expression for a Group of Constraints -- Unified Expression for the Product's Simulation and Optimization Model of Multi-domain Constraints -- Conclusion -- References -- The Fourth Section: Intelligent Methods in Developing Vehicles, Engines and Equipments -- An Automatic Collision Avoidance Strategy for Unmanned Surface Vehicles -- Introduction -- Motivation and Background -- Springer USV -- Problem Formulation -- Simulation Results -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Research on Fire-Engine Pressure Balance Control System Based Upon Neural Networks -- Introduction -- Fire-Engine Pressure Balance Control System Model -- Pressure Balance Controller Design Based on BP Neural Network -- BP Neural Network Construction -- BP Neural Network Algorithm -- BP Neural Network Updated Algorithm -- Simulation and Results -- Conclusion -- References -- The Summary of Reconstruction Method for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of Furnace -- Introduction -- Optimizing the Control System -- Abatement of Electric Energy Consumption -- Effective Recycle of the Remaining Heat -- Reduce the Heat Loss in the Furnace -- Dirt Block Prevention in the Furnace. , Application of Organic Fluorine and Resin.

Anmerkung: Title Page -- Preface -- LSMS-ICSEE 2010 Organization -- Table of Contents - Part I -- The First Section: Intelligent Modeling, Monitoring, and Control of Complex Nonlinear Systems -- Research on Steam Generator Water Level Control System Based on Nuclear Power Plant Simulator -- Introduction -- Models of SG Water Level Control System -- Simulation of Water Level Dynamic Characteristic -- Conclusion -- References -- Stabilization for Networked Control Systems with Packet Dropout Based on Average Dwell Time Method -- Introduction -- Problem Formulation and Preliminaries -- Main Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Modeling of Real-Time Double Loops System in Predicting Sintering's BTP -- Introduction -- Mathematical Model -- Genetic Neural Networks -- Rule-Based Model -- Integrate Intelligent System -- A Soft-Measure Model of BTP -- Fuzzy Controller -- Optimum Self-organized Genetic Algorithms -- Simulation -- Conclusion -- References -- An Orthogonal Curvature Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array for Shape Reconstruction -- Introduction -- Principle of Obtaining Curvature -- FBG Sensor Array Design and Packaging -- Spatial Curve Reconstruction Algorithm -- Calibration and Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- Implementation of the PCB Pattern Matching System to Detect Defects -- Introduction -- MAD Pattern Matching -- PCB Pattern Matching IP System Design -- Experiments and Results -- Experimental Environments -- Camera Link IP Simulation -- Single Clock Processing MAD Pattern Matching IP Simulation -- Experimental Results -- Pattern Matching IP Synthesis Result -- Conclusion -- References -- A New Technique of Camera Calibration Based on X-Target -- Introduction -- Calibration Principle -- Verticality Adjusting Between Optical Axis and Object Surface -- Detection of Sub-pixel Corners -- Camera Calibration Principle. , Design and Implementation of Camera Calibration -- Design of Optical Axis Verticality -- Design of Sub-pixel Corners Detection -- Design of Camera Calibration -- Experimental Results -- Light Intensity and Optical Axis Verticality Results -- Calibration Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Application Research of the Wavelet Analysis in Ship Pipeline Leakage Detecting -- Introduction -- The Principle of Leak Detection -- Wavelet Algrithm Applied in the Monitoring System -- Mallat Algorithm and Its Application -- Precise Acquisition of the Time Difference of Pressure Waves Propagating to Up and Down Streams -- Distinguish of Pressure Drop Causing by Valve Regulation and Leakage -- The Use of Cross-Correlation Detection in Monitoring -- Identification of a Small Pipeline Leak -- Conclusion -- References -- Analysis and Implementation of FULMS Algorithm Based Active Vibration Control System -- Introduction -- MIMO FULMS Control Algorithm -- MIMO FULMS Vibration Control Experiment -- Construction of the Experiment Platform -- MIMO FULMS Simulation -- MIMO FULMS Vibration Control Experiment -- Conclusions -- References -- Performance Analysis of Industrial Wireless Networks Based on IEEE 802.15.4a -- Introduction -- IEEE 802.15.4a Wireless Protocol -- Performance Experiments -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Effects of Numeral Wireless Nodes -- Effects of Numeral Data Packets -- Effects of Different Upper-Layer Protocol -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization and Its Application to Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows -- Introduction -- The Improvement of ACO -- The Approach of Adjusting Pheromone -- The Introduction of the Disaster Operator -- Combining ACO with the Saving Algorithm and λ-Interchange Mechanism -- Application of HACO to VRPTW -- Construction of VRPTW Model -- Solution Steps of HACO. , Computational Results and Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Modeling and Simulation of a Yacht Propulsion System -- Introduction -- Modeling of Propulsion System -- Main Engine and Propeller -- Hydraulic Clutch -- Simulation Interface Design -- Conclusions -- References -- The Second Section: Modeling and Simulation of Societies and Collective Behaviour -- Two-Phase Clock Auction Design -- Introduction -- Auction Mechanism Design -- Private Values Clock Phase -- End of the Private Values Clock Auction Phase -- Interdependent Values Clock Auction Phase -- Equilibrium and Implementation Issues -- Strategies for Private Values Clock Auction Phase -- Strategies for Interdependent Values Clock Auction Phase -- The Existence of Equilibrium -- Implementation Issues -- Conclusions -- References -- Research on Simulation of Multi-agents Competition Model with Negotiation -- Introduction -- Multi-agents Competition with Negotiation -- Competition Goal -- Negotiation Protocol -- Negotiation Decision-Making Model -- Multi-agents Competition Model with Negotiation -- Agent-State Information Model -- Negotiating and Learning Based on Historical Belief -- Flow Chart Of Negotiation Competition Algorithm -- Experiment Simulation -- Design of Experiment -- Design of Agent State Information -- Experiment Data -- Analysis of Experiment Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Synchronization of Ghostburster Neurons under External Electrical Stimulation: An Adaptive Approach -- Introduction -- Nonlinear Model of Ghostburster Neurons and Its Dynamics -- The Ghostburster Neuron Model -- Dynamic Behaviors of Ghostburster Neuron Model -- Adaptive Synchronization of Ghostburster Neurons -- Synchronization of Two Ghostburster Neurons -- Adaptive Controller Design -- Numerical Simulations -- Conclusions -- References. , The Third Section: Advanced Theory and Methodology in Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing -- A Collision Detection System for an Assistive Robotic Manipulator -- Introduction -- Structure of Collision Detection System -- Design of Joint Torque Sensors -- Structure Design of Joint Torque Sensors -- Signal Processing Circuit Design -- Dynamic Model off Assistive Robotic Manipulator -- Dynamic Model Buildding -- Simplification of the Dynamic Model -- Calculation of Gravity's Influence -- Experiments and Results Analysis -- Experiment Prototype -- Result Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Adaptive Visual Servoing with Imperfect Camera and Robot Parameters -- Introduction -- Kinematics and Dynamics -- Adaptive Visual Servoing -- Controller Design -- Parameter Estimation -- Stability Analysis -- Simulations -- Conclusions -- References -- An Interactive Method to Solve the Priorities of Attributes While the Preferences of Evaluated Units Are under Considering -- Introduction -- Optimization Model of Evaluated Units -- Method of Synthesizing Priority Vectors -- The Bound Vectors and the Original Priority Vector W ^(1) -- Arithmetic of the Model -- Discriminant of Ending the Process -- Steps of the Arithmetic -- The Derivation of the Model -- An Applied Example -- Summary -- References -- Solving Delay Differential Equations with Homotopy Analysis Method -- Introduction -- Model Description and the HAM -- Analytic Solution -- Auxiliary Linear Operator -- Auxiliary Linear Operator -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- The Fourth Section: Biomedical Signal Processing, Imaging, and Visualization -- EEG Classification Based on Artificial Neural Network in Brain Computer Interface -- Introduction -- The Structure of Probability Neural Network and Algorithm Description -- Supervised Learning Based on Genetic Algorithm. , Experiment and Classification Result -- Dataset -- Result of EEG Classification -- Conclusion -- References -- Open Electrical Impedance Tomography: Computer Simulation and System Realization -- Introduction -- Computer Simulation of OEIT -- Calculated Region of OEIT -- The Boundary Value Problem -- The Inverse Problem -- Simulation Results -- System Realization -- System Construction -- Physical Experiments -- Clinical Experiment -- Conclusions -- References -- Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Image Fusion -- Introduction -- Watermarking Based on Image Fusion -- Digital Watermarking Algorithm -- Experiments -- Conclusion -- References -- The Dynamics of Quorum Sensing Mediated by Small RNAs in Vibrio Harveyi -- Introduction -- Formulation of the Model -- Oscillation Dynamics of Quorum Sensing Model -- The Dynamics with Time Delay -- The Dynamics with Hill Coefficient m -- The Dynamics with Others -- Mechanism of Quorum Sensing -- Relation between hapR mRNA and Small RNA Levels -- Transition from Coexistence of LuxO_p and Protein -- Conclusions -- References -- An Algorithm for Reconstruction of Surface from Parallel Contours and Its Section Contour Extraction in any Cutting Plane -- Introduction -- Volumetric Surface Reconstruction -- The Distance Fields Computation -- Isosurface Extraction -- 2D Marching Cubes -- Experimentation and Results -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Simulation Modeling of Network Intrusion Detection Based on Artificial Immune System -- Introduction -- The Simulation Modeling of Network Intrusion Detection Based on Immunology -- Formalization Description of the Simulation Model -- Function Design of the Simulation Modeling -- Simulation Experiments of Non-self Attacking Model -- Conclusions -- References. , The Fifth Section: Computational Intelligence in Utilization of Clean and Renewable Energy Resources.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering -- Preface and Conference Organization -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Environmental Chemistry and Biology -- Accurate Localization of the Mobile Genomic Islands in Pseudomonas putida -- Alkalibacillus huanghaiensis Sp. Nov., a New Strain of Moderately Halophilic Bacterias Isolated from Sea Water of the Yellow Sea in China -- Alkalibacillus weihaiensis Sp. Nov., a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium from Sea Mud of the Yellow Sea, China -- Allelopathy Effects of Various Higher Landscape Plants on Chlorella pyrenoidosa -- Bioconversion of Heptachlor Epoxide by Wood-Decay Fungi and Detection of Metabolites -- Brief Analysis of the Heat and Mass Balance in Sludge Bio-Drying Process -- Change Analysis of Enzyme Activity under Different Conditions of Film Remnant in Soil -- A Comparative Study of Cr-Tolerance and Removal Capacity of Different Strains -- Absorption Ability of Different Tree Species to S, Cl and Heavy Metals in Urban Forest Ecosystem -- AgCl Loaded Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Visible Light Photocatalyst -- Colony Formation of Microcystis aeruginosa Induced by Bacterium N1 -- Effects of Compressing Pressure, Screen Size and Moisture Content on Pellets Density of Water Hyacinth -- Effects of Inoculating Thermophiles and Rhizopus on Composting Process of Vinegar Residue and their Nutrients Status -- Molecular Cloning and Characterization Analysis of Phosphofructokinase Gene from Dunaliella parva -- NO Reduction by CH4 over NiCo/MOR Catalysts in the Presence of Oxygen -- Planting Sweet Sorghum in Yellow River Delta: The Cultivation Measure, Yield and Effect on Soil Microflora -- Room Temperature Cellulase Used for Washing of Denim Garments -- Structure Evaluation and Microbial Biomass Determining of Biological Activated Carbon. , Studies on Salt and Water Movement in Secondary Salinized Greenhouse Soil under Subsurface Drainage -- Study on a Special Association Polymer Gel Applied in Vicious Lost Circulation in Crushed Zones -- Study on Extraction and Identification of PHB from H2 Production Fermentation Residue by Photosynthetic Bacteria -- Study on Limonite/TiO2 Microspheres Photolysising Phenol in Source Water -- Study on the Model of Limonite-TiO2 Combined Microspheres Photolysising Phenol in Source Water -- The Dynamic Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) Based on the Analysis of the Landscape Pattern: A Case of Changshou District in Three Gorges Area -- The Measurements of Ultrasonic Cavitation Based on the Image Processing -- The Microbial Factor of Travertine Deposition between Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA and Huanglong Scenic, Sichuan -- The Potential Effect of CO2-Water-Rock Reaction on The Caprock Formation (Mudstone) Case Study -- The Preparation of Na2CO3-Active Carbon and its Adsorption Behavior for Phenol -- Zeta Potential of Stable Oxidative Poly-Si-Fe (SOPSF) Coagulant -- Comparative Expression Analysis of DFL, a LFY/FLO Homologue Gene in Dendranthema lavandulifolium Responds to Photoperiodic Induction -- Copper(II) Adsorptive Removal from Solutions with Sunflower Straw-Modified by Phosphoric Acid -- Countermeasure and Research of Jingbo Lake Water Environment Rehabilitation -- Decomposition Analyses for COD Discharges in China's Industrial Sub-Sectors: Which is the Superior Method? -- Development and Application of the Bio-Desulfurization Technology -- Distribution of Grassland Biomass Carbon Storage in China -- Effect of Juglone from C.cathayensis Exocarp on Summer Peony Photoinhibition -- Exploration of Relationships between Phytoplankton Biomass and Related Environmental Variables in a Eutrophic Shallow Lake. , Extraction Methods Study and Structure Analysis of Humic Acid in Surface Soil along Main Transportation Road -- Extraction of Flavor Nucleotides for Soy Sauce from Beer Yeast Paste -- Gas-phase Hg0 Removal by a Fe2O3/AC Catalyst -- High-Concentration Nitrogen Removal by Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process -- Immobilized Methods and Application of Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells -- Influence of Inoculum to Substrate Ratio on Solid Acidogenic Digestion with Pig Manure and Maize Straw -- Isolation and Identification of a PCBs-Degrading Strain -- Microbial Effect on Arsenic and Plumbum Release in Acid Coal-Mine Drainage -- Optimal Periodic Harvesting Strategy for the General Autonomous System of Single Specie -- Study of Air Anion Concentration in Various Water Statuses -- Study of Effect on Soil Salinity and Respiration Intensity by the Straw Compost -- Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Sodium Oleate and Sodium Vanadate on the Corrosion of Pure Aluminum in NaCl Solution -- Synthesis and Biological Activities of Chalcones Derived from Nitroacetophenone -- The Real Option Model of Opportunity Cost in River Basin Ecological Compensation -- The Synthesis of Novel Chiral Ferrocenyl Aziridino Alcohol Ligands with Two Stereogenic Carbons and Structural Characteristics -- 4-tert-Octylphenol Biodegradation Performance by Acinetobacter Strain Immobilized in Calcium Alginate -- Accumulation and Distribution of Cadmium in Different Rice Cultivars -- Activity of yFe-10Cu/H-Sep and xCu/H-Sep for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Propylene -- Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the Cross-Linked Cationic Starch and the Establishment of the Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Equation -- Comparison of Different Types of Redox Mediators on the Chemical Reduction of Azo Dye by Sulfide. , Degradation of P-Nitrophenol Affected by Synergy of Indirect and Direct Electrooxidation -- Detection of Methanogens in Anaerobic Granular Sludge by FISH Targeting for Functional Genes -- Detection to E. Coli O157 by Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor -- Determination of Lignocellulase Activity and Gene Expression Using Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensor -- Different Organic Resources Influence Combined Forms of Humus in Black Soil Aggregation -- Distribution of Organic Matter in Sediment of Lakeside Belt in East Dongting Lake -- Distributions of Carbon Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Products from SCWG of Cyanobacteria -- Effect of Cellulase Pretreatment on Alkali-Oxygen Pulping of Bagasse -- Effect of Fe3+ on the Interaction between Nitrofurazone and Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Analysis -- Effects of Cadmium on the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Primary Hepatocytes of Carassius Auratus -- Effects of Sediment Dredging on the Diffusion Fluxes of Nutrients between Sediment and Water in Dalian Bay -- Effects of Surface Properties and Solvent PH Values on the Adsorption/Desorption Abilities of Mesoporous SBA-15 to Methylene Blue Molecules -- Effects of the Accumulation of Different Plastic Film on the Quantities of Soil Microbial -- Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Permeable Reactive Composite Electrodes -- Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies for Adsorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Modified Phosphogypusum -- High Concentration of Carbon Dioxide Sequestrated by Microalgae in A Closed Raceway Pond Photobioreactor -- Identification of Microbial Rhodopsin Genes from Salt Lake in Inner Mongolia. , Implication of Temporal Dynamics of Microbial Abundance and Nutrients to Soil Fertility under Biochar Application - Field Experiments Conducted in a Brown Soil Cultivated with Soybean, North China -- Influences of Florfenicol Used in Aquaculture on Bacteria in Coastal Marine Sediments -- Isolation and Characterization of Microcystis-Grazing Protozoa P1 from Lake Dianchi -- Isolation and Identification of Nitrobacteria Adapted to Low Temperature -- Isolation and Molecular Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Mycobacterium spp. from the Shenfu Wastewater Irrigation Area in China -- Histopathological Alternations of Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa in Acute Copper, Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Exposures -- Joint Effect of Cadmium and Chlorimuron-Ethyl on Cadmium Accumulation of Wheat -- Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis -- Photodegradation of Metribuzin by Simulated Solar Light Irradiation -- Preliminary Discussion on the Activity of Denitrifying Phosphorus-Removing Bacteria in Sequencing Batch Reactors by Quinone Profile Analysis -- Primary Investigation and Analysis of Arsenic Contamination in Soil-Plant of Tin Mine in Gejiu -- Production of a Bioflocculant by Penicillium Sp. HHE-P7 Using Sugarcane Molasses -- Proteomics Response and Acclimation of Camptotheca acuminata Seedlings to Water Deficit -- Remediation of Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether Contaminated Soil Using White Rot Fungi -- Research of Carbon and Nitrogen Ratio and Sludge Stability in Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor -- Research on COD Removal and SOUR of Aerobic Granule with Intermittent Aeration in Continuous Flow System -- Response of Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Nitrogen Deposition in Terrestrial Ecosystem. , Specific Death Symptoms and Organic Lesions of Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa in Acute Copper, Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Exposures.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas: an introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Groundwater resources and modelling needs in arid and semi-arid areas -- 1.3 The book content and structure -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Hydrological processes, ground water recharge and surface-water/groundwater interactions in arid and semi-arid areas -- 2.1 Groundwater resources, groundwater modelling and the quantification of recharge -- 2.2 Hydrological processes in arid areas -- 2.2.1 Rainfall -- 2.2.2 Rainfall-runoff processes -- 2.2.3 Wadi bed transmission losses -- 2.2.4 Groundwater recharge -- Groundwater recharge from ephemeral channel flows -- Spatial variability of groundwater recharge -- 2.3 Hydrological modelling and the representation of rainfall -- 2.4 Integrated modelling for groundwater resource evaluation -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Conceptual models for recharge sequences in arid and semi-arid regions using isotopic and geochemical methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methods of investigation -- 3.3 Time-scales and palaeohydrology -- 3.4 Rainfall chemistry -- 3.5 The unsaturated zone -- 3.5.1 Tritium and 36Cl -- 3.5.2 Stable isotopes -- 3.5.3 Chloride -- 3.5.4 Nitrate -- 3.5.5 Reactive tracers and water-rock reactions in the unsaturated zone -- 3.5.6 Recharge history -- 3.5.7 Spatial variability -- 3.5.8 Focused recharge -- 3.6 Hydrochemistry of groundwater systems in arid and semi-arid regions -- 3.6.1 Input conditions - inert elements and isotopic tracers -- 3.6.2 Reactions and evolution along flow lines -- 3.6.3 Redox reactions -- 3.6.4 Salinity generation -- 3.7 Conclusions -- 3.7.1 Data requirements -- 3.7.2 Groundwater resources assessment -- 3.7.3 Groundwater exploration and development. , 3.7.4 Groundwater quality and use -- References -- 4 Groundwater flow and transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Modelled phenomena -- 4.1.2 What are models built for? -- 4.1.3 Scope of the chapter -- 4.2 Governing equations of flow and transport -- 4.2.1 Mass conservation -- 4.2.2 Reduction to the two-dimensional groundwater equation -- 4.2.3 Solution by finite difference -- 4.3 The modelling procedure -- 4.3.1 Conceptualisation -- 4.3.2 Discretisation -- 4.3.3 Calibration and error analysis -- 4.3.4 Model selection -- 4.3.5 Predictions and uncertainty -- 4.4 Handling spatial variability -- 4.4.1 Importance of geology -- 4.4.2 Geostatistics -- Kriging -- The semivariogram -- Conditional simulation -- Sequential Gaussian simulation -- Facies simulation methods -- Genetic models -- 4.4.3 Upscaling -- Effective parameters -- Equivalent parameters -- Apparent and interpreted parameters -- 4.5 Calibration -- 4.5.1 Least squares and maximum likelihood -- Optimisation algorithms -- 4.5.2 Global optimisation -- 4.5.3 Sensitivity analysis -- 4.6 Uncertainty propagation -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Performing unbiased groundwater modelling: application of the theory of regionalised variables -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The theory of regionalised variables: geostatistics -- 5.2.1 The variogram -- 5.3 Application of geostatistics in groundwater modelling -- 5.3.1 Theoretical aspects -- 5.3.2 Discretisation -- 5.3.3 Model fabrication -- 5.3.4 Calibration -- 5.3.5 Prediction -- 5.4 A case study from the Maheshwaram watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Groundwater vulnerability and protecti on -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Aquifer vulnerability -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Indexing methods -- Intrinsic vulnerability -- Specific vulnerability -- 6.2.3 Matrix methods. , 6.2.4 Applications of vulnerability methods in arid and semi-arid regions -- 6.3 Source protection -- 6.3.1 Definition -- 6.3.2 Evaluation -- 6.3.3 Representation of uncertainty -- 6.3.4 Arid and semi-arid zone applications -- 6.4 Summary -- References -- 7 Variable density groundwater flow: from modelling to applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Importance of variable density flow -- 7.3 A brief historical perspective -- 7.4 Variable density flow physics -- 7.4.1 Overview -- 7.4.2 Possible manifestations of variable density flow -- 7.4.3 Dimensionless numbers -- 7.4.4 The use of equivalent freshwater head in variable density analyses -- 7.5 Modelling variable density flow phenomena -- 7.5.1 Physical processes, governing equations and numerical solutions -- SUTRA processes -- SUTRA governing equations -- SUTRA numerical methods -- 7.5.2 Testing variable density aspects of variable density numerical codes -- 7.5.3 Future challenges for numerical modelling -- 7.6 Applications and case studies -- 7.6.1 Seawater intrusion and tidally induced phenomena -- Background -- Analytical solutions -- Numerical models -- Future challenges -- 7.6.2 Transgression-regression salinisation of coastal aquifers -- Importance of transgression-regression cycles -- Observational evidence and conceptual models -- Offshore fresh and brackish palaeo-groundwater -- Onshore saline groundwater -- Numerical modelling -- Future challenges -- 7.6.3 Aquifer storage and recovery -- Importance of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) -- Variable density flow in ASR -- Analytical modelling -- Numerical modelling -- Choice of model -- When can density effects be ignored? -- Density effects in layered aquifers -- Future challenges -- 7.6.4 Fractured rock flow and transport modelling -- Importance of variable density flow in fractured rock aquifers. , Verification of variable density flow in fractured rock -- HydroGeoSphere code capability -- Future challenges -- 7.6.5 Chemically reactive transport modelling -- Importance of chemical reactions in variable density flow -- Governing equations -- Development and applications of numerical models -- Future challenges -- References -- References -- 8 Sustainable water management in arid and semi-arid regions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Definition of sustainable water management -- 8.3 Overpumping of aquifers -- 8.3.1 General situation -- 8.3.2 Example The northwest Sahara aquifer system -- 8.4 Upstream-downstream relations and the threat to ecosystems -- 8.4.1 General situation -- 8.4.2 Example The Okavango delta -- 8.5 Salinisation of soils by inappropriate irrigation practice -- 8.5.1 General situation -- 8.5.2 Example The Yanqi basin in Xinjiang, China -- 8.6 Pollution of water bodies of large residence time with persistent or recyclable pollutants -- 8.7 Tools for decision support -- 8.8 The connection to decision makers -- 8.9 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Nuclear Power Plant Design and Analysis Codes -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- I. Map of code development -- 1 Road map -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Fuel codes -- 1.2.1 FRAPCON/FRAPTRAN -- 1.2.2 TRANSURANUS -- 1.2.3 GERMINAL -- 1.3 System code -- 1.3.1 ATHLET -- 1.3.2 RELAP5 -- 1.3.3 RELAP5-3D -- 1.3.4 CATHARE -- 1.3.5 TRAC -- 1.3.6 MELCOR -- 1.3.7 Modular Accident Analysis Program -- 1.3.8 System Analysis Module -- 1.4 Subchannel analysis code -- 1.4.1 COBRA -- 1.4.2 HAMBO -- 1.4.3 FLICA -- 1.4.4 THINC -- 1.4.5 MATRA -- 1.4.6 CTF -- 1.4.7 VIPRE -- 1.5 Computational fluid dynamics code -- 1.5.1 CFX -- 1.5.2 Fluent -- 1.5.3 TransAT -- 1.5.4 STAR-CD -- 1.6 Coupled multiscale thermal-hydraulics codes -- 1.6.1 Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment -- 1.6.2 Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors -- 1.6.3 Other coupled codes -- 1.7 Emerging methods for NPPs -- 1.7.1 Projection-based particle method -- 1.7.2 Lattice Boltzmann method -- 1.7.3 Cybersecurity system -- 1.7.4 Artificial intelligence and artificial neural network -- 1.7.5 Temporal data mining -- References -- 2 Guidance of nuclear power plant code development -- 2.1 Nuclear power plant code -- 2.1.1 Code classification -- 2.1.2 Code development process -- 2.1.3 Code development skills -- 2.2 Code development examples -- 2.2.1 Reactor -- 2.2.1.1 Model development -- 2.2.1.1.1 Reactor core -- 2.2.1.1.2 Lower and upper chamber -- 2.2.1.2 Numerical scheme -- 2.2.1.3 Verification -- 2.2.1.3.1 Steady-state results -- 2.2.1.3.2 Transient results -- 2.2.2 Pressurizer -- 2.2.2.1 Model development -- 2.2.2.1.1 Governing equations -- 2.2.2.1.2 Empirical correlations -- Bulk evaporation and condensation -- Condensation on spray -- 2.2.2.2 Numerical scheme -- 2.2.2.3 Verification -- 2.3 Source code. , 2.3.1 Fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta method -- 2.3.2 Gauss-Jordan elimination with partial pivoting -- References -- 3 Nuclear engineering software quality assurance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Software development life cycle -- 3.3 Software quality -- 3.4 Software quality assurance for nuclear engineering -- 3.4.1 Implementation framework -- 3.4.2 Verification and validation -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Multiphysics coupling plan -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Multiphysics coupling methods -- 4.2.1 Operator splitting methods -- 4.2.2 Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov methods -- 4.2.3 Approximate block Newton methods -- 4.3 Current status of research in multiphysics coupling -- 4.3.1 Neutronic and thermal-hydraulic code-to-code coupling -- 4.3.2 NURESAFE European project -- 4.3.3 Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment -- 4.3.4 Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- II. Physics and fuels codes -- 5 Nuclear physics deterministic code -- 5.1 Nuclear data processing codes -- 5.1.1 NJOY -- 5.2 Cross section generation codes -- 5.2.1 Winfrith improved multigroup scheme -- 5.2.2 CASMO-4 -- 5.2.3 HELIOS -- 5.2.4 APOLLO2 -- 5.2.5 Standard Reactor Analysis Code -- 5.2.6 DRAGON4 -- 5.2.7 AEGIS -- 5.2.8 SCALE -- 5.2.9 PARAGON -- 5.2.10 Bamboo-Lattice -- 5.2.11 MC2-3 -- 5.2.12 ECCO -- 5.3 Whole-core computational codes -- 5.3.1 SIMULATE-3 -- 5.3.2 ANC9 -- 5.3.3 PANTHER -- 5.3.4 Purdue Advanced Reactor Core Simulator -- 5.3.5 DONJON4 -- 5.3.6 DYN3D -- 5.3.7 Bamboo-Core -- 5.3.8 SCOPE2 -- 5.3.9 DIF3D/VARIANT/REBUS -- 5.3.10 European Reactor Analysis Optimized calculation System -- References -- 6 Nuclear physics probability code: OpenMC -- 6.1 Introduction to Monte Carlo method -- 6.2 Recently developed Monte Carlo codes -- 6.3 Typical methodologies in OpenMC -- 6.3.1 Random number generator. , 6.3.2 Computational geometry -- 6.3.3 Random walk -- 6.3.4 Tallies and statistics -- 6.3.5 Eigenvalue calculation -- 6.3.6 Fixed-source calculation -- 6.4 Usage of OpenMC -- 6.4.1 Preparation -- 6.4.2 Data library -- 6.4.3 Geometry definition -- 6.4.4 Material definition -- 6.4.5 Tally definition -- 6.4.6 Settings definition -- 6.4.7 Plots definition -- 6.4.8 Simulation in serial and parallel -- 6.4.9 Output description -- 6.4.10 Python API -- 6.5 Verification and validation -- 6.6 Summary -- References -- III. Fuels and sub-channel codes -- 7 FRAPCON and FRAPTRAN codes: Fuel rod performance analysis codes under normal and accident conditions -- 7.1 Objectives, relations, and limitations -- 7.1.1 Objectives of the two codes -- 7.1.2 Relations -- 7.1.3 Limitations -- 7.2 Code structures and physical models -- 7.2.1 Thermohydraulic models -- 7.2.1.1 Coolant conditions -- 7.2.1.2 Cladding temperature and heat generation -- 7.2.1.3 Gap heat conductance -- 7.2.1.4 Pellets temperature distributions -- 7.2.1.5 Plenum gas temperature model and energy storage model -- 7.2.2 Mechanical models -- 7.2.3 Internal gas response and fission gas release -- 7.3 Assessments -- 7.3.1 FRAPCON -- 7.3.2 FRAPTRAN -- 7.3.2.1 RIA condition -- 7.3.3 Loss of Coolant Accident condition -- 7.4 Summary -- References -- 8 The TRANSURANUS fuel performance code -- 8.1 Introduction: General overview of the TRANSURANUS code -- 8.2 TRANSURANUS code structure -- 8.2.1 Thermal analysis -- 8.2.2 Mechanical analysis -- 8.2.3 Fission gas behavior modeling -- 8.2.4 The TRANSURANUS burn-up module -- 8.2.5 Material conservation equations -- 8.3 Application to water reactor conditions -- 8.3.1 Assessment against the pressurized water reactor Super-Ramp irradiation experiment -- 8.3.2 Application to the safety analysis of the Atucha-II Nuclear Power Plant. , 8.3.2.1 Overview of the Atucha-II Nuclear Power Plant -- 8.3.2.2 Atucha-II large break - loss-of-coolant accident transient -- 8.3.3 Application to water-water energetic reactor conditions -- 8.4 Preliminary assessment against fast reactor conditions -- 8.4.1 Development of TRANSURANUS for fast reactor conditions -- 8.4.1.1 Plutonium redistribution model -- 8.4.1.2 Formation and closure of the fuel central void -- 8.4.2 Assessment against the HEDL P-19 irradiation experiment -- 8.4.3 Application to the safety assessment of the ALFRED reactor -- 8.5 Conclusions and future code developments -- Nomenclature -- References -- 9 Two fuel performance codes of the PLEIADES platform: ALCYONE and GERMINAL -- 9.1 General overview of the PLEIADES fuel software environment -- 9.1.1 Architecture and generic tools for fuel performance codes -- 9.1.2 Multiphysics computational scheme for fuel rod type geometries -- 9.1.2.1 Algorithm -- 9.1.2.2 Global scale -- 9.1.2.3 Local scale -- 9.1.2.4 Software implementation -- 9.1.3 Verification process and quality control for the fuel performance codes of the PLEIADES platform -- 9.1.3.1 Software quality control -- 9.1.3.2 Unit nonregression tests -- 9.1.3.3 Integral nonregression tests -- 9.2 ALCYONE fuel performance code for GEN II and III -- 9.2.1 General presentation -- 9.2.2 Physical models -- 9.2.2.1 Isotopic vector evolution and nuclear reactions products -- 9.2.2.2 Fission gas behavior and helium release -- 9.2.2.3 Thermochemical analysis and corrosive fission products release -- 9.2.2.4 Crack extension modeling in fuel -- 9.2.2.4.1 Macroscopic scale -- 9.2.2.4.2 Microscopic scale -- 9.2.2.5 Heterogeneous mechanical behavior -- 9.2.2.6 Multidimensional and multiscale analysis -- 9.2.2.6.1 Thermal model -- 9.2.2.6.2 Mechanical model -- 9.2.2.6.3 Pellet-to-cladding gap model -- 9.2.2.6.4 Multiscale analysis. , 9.2.3 3D simulation results and integral validation of the ALCYONE code -- 9.2.3.1 Base irradiation -- 9.2.3.2 Power ramp test -- 9.2.4 International benchmarks -- 9.3 GERMINAL fuel performance code for GEN IV -- 9.3.1 General presentation -- 9.3.2 Physical models -- 9.3.2.1 Fuel restructuring -- 9.3.2.2 Gap closure and relocation model -- 9.3.2.3 Joint Oxyde Gaine formation and interaction with thermomechanical behavior -- 9.3.3 Validation and application for fuel design -- 9.3.3.1 Validation -- 9.3.3.2 Fuel design for the ASTRID project -- 9.3.4 International benchmarks -- 9.3.4.1 NEA expert group on innovative fuels -- 9.3.4.2 ESFR-SMART -- 9.3.4.3 CEA-JAEA collaboration -- 9.3.4.4 INSPYRE European project -- 9.4 Conclusion and prospects -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 10 Subchannel codes: CTF and VIPRE-01 -- 10.1 Introduction and CTF code overview -- 10.2 CTF assessment: Motivation and work scope -- 10.3 VIPRE-01 code overview -- 10.4 CTF assessment: Flow mixing -- 10.4.1 Two-channel single-phase flow split problem -- 10.4.2 General Electric 3×3 benchmark -- 10.4.2.1 Single-phase flow benchmark -- 10.4.2.2 Two-phase flow benchmark -- 10.5 CTF assessment: Pressure drop -- 10.5.1 Boiling-water reactor full-size fine-mesh bundle tests pressure drop benchmark -- 10.5.1.1 Single-phase flow benchmark -- 10.5.1.2 Two-phase flow benchmark -- 10.5.2 Risø round tube benchmark -- 10.6 CTF assessment: Void fraction -- 10.6.1 Boiling-water reactor full-size fine-mesh bundle tests void benchmark -- 10.6.2 Pressurized-water reactor subchannel and bundle tests void benchmark -- 10.6.2.1 Single subchannel benchmark -- 10.6.2.2 Rod bundle benchmark -- 10.7 Summary -- References -- IV. Thermal-hydraulic codes -- 11 System-level code TRACE -- 11.1 Features of TRACE -- 11.2 Constitutive equations of TRACE -- 11.2.1 Conservation equations. , 11.2.2 Closure equations.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1 The Fundamentals of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 History of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.3 Fundamental Principles of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.3.1 Basic Mechanisms for Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.3.2 Thermodynamic Requirements for Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.3.3 Dynamics Requirements for Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.4 Design, Development, and Modification of Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 1.4.1 Design Principles of Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 1.4.2 Classifications of Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 1.4.3 Modification Strategies of Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 1.4.4 Development Approaches of Novel Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 1.5 Processes and Evaluation of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.5.1 Processes of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.5.1.1 Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 1.5.1.2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction -- 1.5.1.3 Photocatalytic Degradation -- 1.5.2 Evaluation of Solar Energy Photocatalysis -- 1.6 The Scope of This Book -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Heterojunction Systems for Photocatalysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classification of Heterojunction Photocatalysts -- 2.2.1 Type‐II Heterojunction Photocatalysts -- 2.2.2 P-N Junction Photocatalysts -- 2.2.3 Surface Junction Photocatalysts -- 2.2.4 Direct Z‐scheme Photocatalysts -- 2.2.5 S‐scheme Photocatalysts -- 2.3 Evaluation of the Heterojunction Photocatalysts -- 2.3.1 Band Structure -- 2.3.1.1 Light Absorption Ability -- 2.3.1.2 Reduction and Oxidation Ability -- 2.3.1.3 Identification of Major Charge Carriers -- 2.3.2 Charge Carrier Separation Efficiency -- 2.3.2.1 Electrochemical Test -- 2.3.2.2 Optical Spectroscopy -- 2.3.3 Charge Carrier Migration Mechanism -- 2.3.3.1 Metal Loading -- 2.3.3.2 Reactive Oxygen Species Trapping. , 2.3.3.3 In Situ Irradiated XPS -- 2.4 Applications -- 2.4.1 Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 2.4.2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction -- 2.4.3 Photocatalytic N2 Fixation -- 2.4.4 Photocatalytic Environmental Remediation -- 2.4.5 Photocatalytic Disinfection -- 2.5 Summary and Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 3 Graphene‐Based Photocatalysts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 3.2.1 Graphene Oxide -- 3.2.2 Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 3.2.3 Graphene Quantum Dot -- 3.3 General Preparation Techniques of Graphene in Photocatalysis -- 3.3.1 Chemical Exfoliation -- 3.3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 3.4 General Advantages of Graphene -- 3.4.1 Conductor Behavior -- 3.4.2 Photothermal Effect -- 3.4.3 Large Specific Surface Area -- 3.4.4 Enhancing Photostability -- 3.4.5 Improving Nanoparticle Dispersion -- 3.5 Characterization Methods -- 3.5.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 3.5.2 Atomic Force Microscopy -- 3.5.3 Raman Spectroscopy -- 3.5.4 X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 3.6 Recent Development in Graphene‐Based Photocatalysts -- 3.6.1 Metal Oxide -- 3.6.2 Metal Sulfide -- 3.6.3 Non‐metal Semiconductor -- 3.6.4 Metal‐Organic Framework -- 3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Metal Sulfide Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General View of Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts -- 4.3 Synthesis of Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts -- 4.3.1 Solution‐Based Methods -- 4.3.1.1 Hydrothermal Method -- 4.3.1.2 Solvothermal Method -- 4.3.2 Chemical Bath Deposition -- 4.3.3 Template Method -- 4.3.4 Ion‐Exchange Method -- 4.3.5 Other Synthesis Methods -- 4.4 CdS‐Based Photocatalyst -- 4.4.1 Crystal Structures and Morphology -- 4.4.1.1 Zero‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.4.1.2 One‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.4.1.3 Two‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.4.1.4 Three‐Dimensional Structure. , 4.4.2 Construction of CdS‐Based Nanocomposite Photocatalysts -- 4.4.2.1 CdS‐Cocatalyst Heterojunctions -- 4.4.2.2 CdS‐Based Type‐II Heterojunctions -- 4.4.2.3 CdS‐Based Z‐scheme Heterojunctions -- 4.4.2.4 CdS‐Based S‐scheme Heterojunctions -- 4.5 In2S3‐Based Photocatalysts -- 4.5.1 Crystal Structure and Electronic Properties -- 4.5.2 Morphology of In2S3 Photocatalysts -- 4.5.2.1 Zero‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.5.2.2 One‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.5.2.3 Two‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.5.2.4 Three‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.5.3 Construction of In2S3‐Based Composite Photocatalysts -- 4.5.3.1 In2S3‐Based Type‐II Heterojunctions -- 4.5.3.2 In2S3‐Based Direct Z‐scheme Heterojunctions -- 4.5.3.3 In2S3‐Based Indirect Z‐scheme Heterojunctions -- 4.6 SnS2‐Based Photocatalysts -- 4.6.1 Morphology of SnS2 Photocatalysts -- 4.6.2 Construction of SnS2‐Based Composite Photocatalysts -- 4.6.2.1 Cocatalyst/SnS2 Composites -- 4.6.2.2 SnS2‐Based Type‐II Heterojunction Composites -- 4.6.2.3 SnS2‐Based Z‐scheme Heterojunction Composites -- 4.7 Cu2S‐Based Photocatalysts -- 4.7.1 Morphology of Cu2S Photocatalysts -- 4.7.1.1 Zero‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.7.1.2 One‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.7.1.3 Two‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.7.1.4 Three‐Dimensional Structure -- 4.7.2 Construction of Cu2S‐Based Composite Photocatalysts -- 4.7.2.1 Cu2S/Metal Oxide Photocatalysts -- 4.7.2.2 Cu2S/Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts -- 4.7.2.3 Cu2S/Metal Photocatalysts -- 4.8 Other Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts -- 4.9 Energy and Environmental Applications -- 4.9.1 Photocatalytic H2 Production -- 4.9.1.1 Unary Metal Sulfide Photocatalyst for H2 Production -- 4.9.1.2 Binary Metal Sulfide‐Based Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for H2 Production -- 4.9.1.3 Ternary Metal Sulfide‐Based Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for H2 Production -- 4.9.2 Photoreduction of CO2. , 4.9.3 Photocatalytic Removal of Environmental Contamination -- 4.9.3.1 Photocatalytic Dye Degradation -- 4.9.3.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium -- 4.10 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 Organic Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 MOFs Photocatalysts -- 5.2.1 Synthesis of MOFs Photocatalysts -- 5.2.2 MOFs for Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants -- 5.2.3 MOFs for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation -- 5.2.4 MOFs for Photocatalytic H2 Production from Water -- 5.2.5 MOFs for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 -- 5.3 Organic Polymer Photocatalysts -- 5.3.1 Synthesis of Organic Polymer Photocatalysts -- 5.3.2 Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants -- 5.3.3 Organic Polymers for Organic Transformation -- 5.3.4 Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic H2 Production from Water -- 5.3.5 Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 -- 5.4 COFs Photocatalysts -- 5.4.1 Synthesis of COFs Photocatalysts -- 5.4.2 COFs for Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants -- 5.4.3 COFs for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation -- 5.4.4 COFs for Photocatalytic H2 Production from Water -- 5.4.5 COFs for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 -- 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6 Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Photocatalysts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure of g‐C3N4 -- 6.3 Preparation of g‐C3N4‐Based Photocatalysts -- 6.3.1 Pure g‐C3N4 -- 6.3.2 g‐C3N4‐Based Composite Photocatalysts -- 6.4 Main Photocatalytic Applications of g‐C3N4‐Based Photocatalysts -- 6.4.1 Photocatalytic H2O Splitting for H2 Generation -- 6.4.2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction for Hydrocarbon Fuel Production -- 6.4.3 Photocatalytic N2 Fixation for Ammonia Production -- 6.5 Strategies for Optimizing Photocatalytic Performance of g‐C3N4 -- 6.5.1 Morphology Design -- 6.5.2 Surface Modification. , 6.5.3 Element Doping -- 6.5.4 Cocatalyst Loading -- 6.5.5 Heterojunction -- 6.5.6 Single‐Atom Deposition -- 6.6 Challenges and Prospects -- References -- Index -- EULA.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Biomedical Signal Processing -- Research of Rectal Pressure Signal Preprocessing Based on Improved FastICA Algorithm -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Principle of Rectal Pressure Signal Preprocessing -- 3 Algorithm Analysis of Rectal Pressure Signal Preprocessing -- 3.1 Phase Space Reconstruction -- 3.2 FastICA Algorithm -- 4 Experimental and Simulation Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Noncontact Measurement of Cardiac Pulse Based on PhotoPlethysmoGraphy -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Noncontact Cardiac Pulse Measurement -- 2.1 Photoplethysmography (PPG) -- 2.2 Measurement Procedures -- 2.3 Face Detection and Tracking -- 2.4 Choosing the Region of Interest (ROI) -- 2.5 Recovery of BVP from Video Recording -- 2.6 Signal Filtering Based on Wavelet Transform -- 2.7 Heart Rate Calculation Based on Energy Spectrum Analysis -- 3 Experiments -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Classification of MMG Signal Based on EMD -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experiments and MMG Signal Acquisition -- 3 Data Filtering Pre-processing -- 4 Feature Extraction -- 5 Classifier Processing -- 6 Pattern Recognition Analysis and Results -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Adaptive KF-SVM Classification for Single Trial EEG in BCI -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Dataset -- 2.2 Research Scheme -- 2.3 SVM Introduction -- 2.4 KF-SVM -- 2.5 Comparison Between SVM and KF-SVM -- 2.6 Adaptive KF-SVM -- 3 Discussions and Results -- 3.1 Classifier -- 3.2 Parameters Selection in Proposed Algorithm -- 3.3 Experiment Results -- 3.4 Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Research on Non-frontal Face Detection Method Based on Skin Color and Region Segmentation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Skin Color Segmentation -- 2.1 YCbCr Color Space. , 2.2 Otsu (Maximum Inter-class Variance Method) -- 2.3 Improved Gaussian Skin Color Model -- 3 Edge Detection and Eight Connected Domain Method -- 4 Chin Fitting -- 5 Region Growing Algorithm for Neck Culling -- 6 Conclusion and Further Work -- References -- Modelling and Control Design for Membrane Potential Conduction Along Nerve Fibre Using B-spline Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modelling -- 2.1 Measurement and Dynamics of Membrane Potential -- 2.2 Weight-Based Transformation via Neural Network -- 2.3 Weight-Based Dynamic Description -- 3 Control Design -- 4 Simulation -- 5 Further Discussion on Interaction Characterization -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Study of Perfusion Kinetics in Human Brain Tumor Using Leaky Tracer Kinetic Model of DCE-MRI Data and CFD -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methodology -- 2.1 MR Imaging and 3D Porous Media Computational Model -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Computational Methods in Organism Modeling -- Modelling and Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Spinal Cord -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Model Description -- 2.2 Boundary Conditions and Solution -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Solid-Domain -- 3.2 Fluid-Domain -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Solid-Domain -- 4.2 Fluid-Domain -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Fracture Prediction for a Customized Mandibular Reconstruction Plate with Finite Element Method -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Generation of the Geometric Model -- 2.2 Computation of Muscle Forces -- 2.3 Finite Element Analysis -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Three-Dimensional Pathological Analysis of Cerebral Aneurysm Initiation -- Abstract -- 1 Background and Purpose -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Sections Cutting. , 2.2 Observing and Analyzing -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Cerebral Arteries with An Aneurysm -- 3.2 Cerebral Arteries with No Aneurysm -- 3.3 Summary of the Results -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Discussion on the Relationship Between Aneurysm Initiation and the Distribution of Internal Elas ... -- 4.2 Discussion on the Relationship Between Aneurysm Initiation and the Distribution of Intimal Hyper ... -- 4.3 Discussion on the Mechanism of Aneurysm Initiation Based on the Results -- 5 Summary -- 5.1 Finding of This Research -- 5.2 Contribution of This Research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Technology of Cortical Bone Trajectory on the Influence of Stability in Fixation of Burst Fracture of Thoracolumbar Spine: A Finite Element Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Model Validation -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Current Solutions for the Heat-Sink Effect of Blood Vessels with Radiofrequency Ablation: A Review a ... -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Heat Transfer Principle of RFA with Large Blood Vessels -- 3 The Influence of the Heat-Sink Effect -- 4 The Current Physical Solution to the Heat-Sink Effect -- 4.1 New Designed Electrode -- 4.2 Temporary Vessel Occlusions by the Mechanical Occlusion -- 5 RFA Computer Model with the Heat-Sink Effect -- 6 Future Work -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Extraction Technique of Spicules-Based Features for the Classification of Pulmonary Nodules on Computed Tomography -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Determine the Border of the Transformed Object -- 2.2 Compute Normal of Border Pixels -- 2.3 Compute Pixel Values of the RBST Image -- 2.4 Determine the Sampling Intervals -- 2.5 Extract the RLS Features -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 The Results Under Different Parameters. , 3.2 Comparisons of the Proposed Features with Others -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Dynamical Characteristics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency Combined Meniscus Injury Knees -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Collection of Gait Data -- 2.2 Dynamical Simulation of Musculoskeletal Model -- 2.3 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Rotation Moment -- 3.2 Flexion Moment -- 3.3 Anteroposterior Force -- 3.4 Mediolateral Force -- 3.5 Proximodistal Force -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Medical Apparatus and Clinical Applications -- A Survey of the State-of-the-Art Techniques for Cognitive Impairment Detection in the Elderly -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Review -- 2.1 Introduction to Dementia -- 2.2 Mild Cognitive Impairment -- 3 Research Challenges -- 4 Using Cognitive Tests to Detect the Cognitive Impairment -- 4.1 Traditional Cognitive Tests to Detect the Cognitive Impairment -- 4.2 Computer Based Cognitive Tests to Detect the Cognitive Impairment -- 5 Using Neuroimaging Techniques to Diagnose Cognitive Impairment -- 6 Using Computer Vision to Detect the Cognitive Impairment -- 6.1 Detecting the Cognitive Impairment with Eye Movement -- 6.2 Detecting the Cognitive Impairment by Recognizing Activities -- 6.3 Detecting the Cognitive Impairment by Facial Expression -- 7 Discussion and Research Directions -- 8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Automatic Measurement of Blood Vessel Angles in Immunohistochemical Images of Liver Cancer -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Linear Fitting -- 2.2 Proposed Framework -- 3 Experiments and Results -- 3.1 IHC Image Preprocessing -- 3.2 Vascular Extraction -- 3.3 Feature Extraction -- 3.4 Least Square Fitting -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , A Novel Segmentation Framework Using Sparse Random Feature in Histology Images of Colon Cancer -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sparse Random Matrix Optimization -- 3 Poorly Differentiated Glandular Segmentation Framework -- 3.1 Nuclei Identification -- 3.2 Epithelial Layer Determination -- 3.3 Epithelial Layer Optimization -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Surgical Timing Prediction of Patient-Specific Congenital Tracheal Stenosis with Bridging Bronchus b ... -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Patient Information Acquisition -- 2.2 Generation of Geometric Models -- 2.3 Model Rebuilding -- 2.4 CFD Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Average Pressure Drop -- 3.2 Wall Shear Stress -- 3.3 Streamlines -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Finite Element Analysis and Application of a Flexure Hinge Based Fully Compliant Prosthetic Finger -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Finger Model and Finite Element Analysis -- 2.1 Compliant Finger Model -- 2.2 Finger Movement Patterns -- 2.3 FEA and Experiment -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 FEA and Experiment Results -- 3.2 Compliant Finger in Prosthetic Hand -- 4 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Improvement of Acoustic Trapping Capability by Punching Specific Holes on Acoustic Tweezers -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computational Model and Analysis Method -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Bionics Control Methods, Algorithms and Apparatus -- Motion Planning and Object Grasping of Baxter Robot with Bionic Hand -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Specification -- 2.1 Baxter Robot -- 2.2 SHU-II Hand -- 2.3 Vision -- 2.4 Operation Flow -- 3 Motion Planning and Grasp Strategy -- 3.1 Motion Control of Robot Arm -- 3.2 Grasping Strategy -- 4 Experiment. , 4.1 Motion Planning.