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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Schlagwort(e): Evolution, Molecular. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (160 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781587064135
    DDC: 576.8/3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: COVER. Prebiotic Evolution and Astrobiology -- TITLE PAGE -- Copyright © 2009 Landes Bioscience -- DEDICATION -- ABOUT THE EDITORS... JEFFREY TZE-FEI WONG and ANTONIO LAZCANO -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS -- CHAPTER 1. Introduction -- CHAPTER 2. The Minimal Cell -- CHAPTER 3. Planetary Astrobiology-The Outer Solar System -- CHAPTER 4. Mars, the Astrobiological Target of the 21st Century? -- CHAPTER 5. Comets and Astrobiology -- CHAPTER 6. Meteorites and the Chemistry That Preceded Life's Origin -- CHAPTER 7. Chirality, Homochirality and the Order of Biomolecular Interactions -- CHAPTER 8. The Primitive Earth -- CHAPTER 9. Biomolecules -- CHAPTER 10. The Dawn of the RNA World: RNA Polymerization from Monoribonucleotides under Prebiotically Plausible Conditions -- CHAPTER 11. Ribozymes and the Evolution of Metabolism -- CHAPTER 12. Precellular Evolution: Vesicles and Protocells -- CHAPTER 13. Split Genes, Ancestral Genes -- CHAPTER 14. Genetic Code -- CHAPTER 15. Root of Life -- Appendix 15.1. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) in the LUCA Genome -- INDEX -- A-N -- O-W -- BACK COVER.
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  • 2
    Schlagwort(e): Life -- Origin. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (216 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781493907366
    DDC: 576.83
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword to Collected Works of Alfonso Herrera -- Introductory Notes -- Contents -- Introduction -- References -- CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION. -- PLAN OF THE WORK. -- BOOK ONE. -- BOOK TWO. -- BOOK THREE. -- BOOK ONE. -- FUNDAMENTAL PROPOSITION. -- DEFINITION, PURPOSE, AND UTILITY OF BIOLOGY. -- THE PLACE OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY -- SUMMARY OF THE FIRST BOOK -- BOOK TWO -- DEMONSTRATION. -- A. -- FACTS OF FUNDAMENTAL UNITY. -- IN PLURIBUS UNUM. -- HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FACTS OF BIOLOGY RELATED TO THERMOCHEMISTRY. -- NOTE I. -- NOTE II. -- NOTE III. -- NOTE IV. -- NOTE V. -- NOTE VI. -- NOTE VII. -- SUMMARY -- B. -- FACTS OF ELEMENTARY OR CELLULAR LIFE. -- 1. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTOPLASM AND THE CELL. -- 2. OSMOTIC STRUCTURE OF PROTOPLASM. -- 3. IMITATIONS OF THE PROTOPLASM AND THE CELL BY MEANS OF ORGANIC OR INORGANIC REAGENTS. THE PROTOPLASM OF CLAY. WONDERFUL MIRROR. -- 4. MECHANICAL EXPLANATION OF CELL DIVISION. -- 5. IMITATIONS OF CELL DIVISION. -- CLAY PROTOPLASM. - MARVELOUS ILLUSIONS. -- ASSIMILATION PROPERTIES. -- PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE LIFE OF LOWER ORGANISMS. PROTOCOCOS. TRICODESMIAS. DIATOMS. BACTERIA, INFUSORIA. -- SUMMARY -- C. -- EVOLUTION FACTS -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE. -- THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH. -- The Primordial Epoch- (about 500 million years). -- The Primitive Epoch.- (About 200 million years) -- Primary Epoch.-(Some 6,420,000 years) 42,000 feet. -- Secondary Epoch.-(Some 2,300,000 years) 15,000 feet. -- Tertiary Epoch.-(Some 600.000 years) 3,000 feet. -- Quaternary or Present Epoch.-(Some 100,000 years). -- THE EVOLUTION OF MINERALS. -- THE EVOLUTION OF THE ANIMATED BEINGS -- APPENDIX TO THE THEORY OF DARWIN -- VARIOUS TESTS OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION -- THEORIES OF MENDEL AND DE VRIES -- OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF DARWIN. -- BOOK THREE. , SUMMARY OF CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY. -CONCLUSIONS. -- ADDITIONS AND ERRATA. -- Plasmogeny -- Résumé of Some Results Obtained -- Organic Colloids -- Inorganic Colloids -- Various Imitations -- Future Work. Synthesis of the Protoplasm with Amino-Acids -- PLASMOGENY, A NEW SCIENCE OF THE ORIGIN OF LIFE -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER ONE -- DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF PLASMOGENY. -- PLASMOGENY IS A SCIENCE -- PLASMOGENY IS A NEW SCIENCE. -- DIVISIONS OF PLASMOGENY. -- THE SCIENCES PRIOR TO PLASMOGENY DO NOT SHARE A FUNDAMENTAL GOAL NOR ARE THEY UNITED BY A SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE. PLASMOGENY UNITES THEM AND PROVIDES A KEY OBJECTIVE. -- A PLASMOGENIC DEFINITION OF LIFE. -- PLASMOGENY OBEYS LOGIC. NEW SCIENCTIFIC METHODS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR APPLICATION. -- LAWS OF ABSTRACT PLASMOGENY. -- CONCRETE LAWS OF PLASMOGENY. -- SUPREME IMPORTANCE OF THE NEW SCIENCE. -- CHAPTER II -- PREPARATORY WORK -- METAL PLANTS, PSEUDOPHYTES, OSMOTIC PLANTS OR PLANTS OF TRAUBE AND LEDUC -- ORGANIZATION OF SILICATES AND FLUOROSILICATES -- ORGANIC DIFFUSION LAB NOTES -- UTILIZING COLLODION -- GERMINATING ALUMINUM -- COLLOIDS. BUTSCHLI'S OILY AMOEBAE -- BEILSTEIN'S AMOEBA AND MODIFICATIONS -- LIQUID CRYSTALS - MESOMORPHIC STATE -- OTHER WORKS -- CURRENT WORK -- OVERVIEW OF THE BOOKET.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 760-774 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Histidine biosynthesis ; Evolution of metabolic pathways ; Molecular evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The available sequences of genes encoding the enzymes associated with histidine biosynthesis suggest that this is an ancient metabolic pathway that was assembled prior to the diversification of the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Paralogous duplications, gene elongation, and fusion events involving different his genes have played a major role in shaping this biosynthetic route. Evidence that the hisA and the hisF genes and their homologues are the result of two successive duplication events that apparently took place before the separation of the three cellular lineages is extended. These two successive gene duplication events as well as the homology between the hisH genes and the sequences encoding the TrpG-type amidotransferases support the idea that during the early stages of metabolic evolution at least parts of the histidine biosynthetic pathway were mediated by enzymes of broader substrate specificities. Maximum likelihood trees calculated for the available sequences of genes encoding these enzymes have been obtained. Their topologies support the possibility of an evolutionary proximity of archaebacteria with low GC Gram-positive bacteria. This observation is consistent with those detected by other workers using the sequences of heat-shock proteins (HSP70), glutamine synthetases, glutamate dehydrogenases, and carbamoylphosphate synthetases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Starvation conditions — Promoter-creating mutations — Heterologous gene transfer — Metabolic evolution — Adaptive mutations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. A novel system to study the evolution of transcription signals in heterologous systems under selective starvation conditions is described. It is based on the plasmid-mediated transfer of his biosynthetic genes from Azospirillum brasilense into a heterologous Escherichia coli mutant population lacking histidine biosynthetic ability. We show that under highly selective stressful conditions, genetic changes in the donor plasmid lead to mutated sequences that are efficiently recognized as promoters by the E. coli RNA polymerase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 546-554 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Prebiotic synthesis ; Early gene duplication ; Time for life to arise
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract There is convincing paleontological evidence showing that stromatolite-building phototactic prokaryotes were already in existence 3.5 × 109 years ago. Late accretion impacts may have killed off life on our planet as late as 3.8 × 109 years ago. This leaves only 300 million years to go from the prebiotic soup to the RNA world and to cyanobacteria. However, 300 million years should be more than sufficient time. All known prebiotic reactions take place in geologically rapid time scales, and very slow prebiotic reactions are not feasible because the intermediate compounds would have been destroyed due to the passage of the entire ocean through deep-sea vents every 107 years or in even less time. Therefore, it is likely that self-replicating systems capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution emerged in a period shorter than the destruction rates of its components (〈5 million years). The time for evolution from the first DNA/protein organisms to cyanobacteria is usually thought to be very long. However, the similarities of many enzymatic reactions, together with the analysis of the available sequence data, suggest that a significant number of the components involved in basic biological processes are the result of ancient gene duplication events. Assuming that the rate of gene duplication of ancient prokaryotes was comparable to today's present values, the development of a filamentous cyanobacterial-like genome would require approximately 7 × 106 years—or perhaps much less. Thus, in spite of the many uncertainties involved in the estimates of time for life to arise and evolve to cyanobacteria, we see no compelling reason to assume that this process, from the beginning of the primitive soup to cyanobacteria, took more than 10 million years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 689-692 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Origin of life ; Hyperthermophiles ; Heat shock proteins ; Submarine hydrothermal vents ; Pre-RNA world ; RNA world ; Primitive atmosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A high-temperature origin of life has been proposed, largely for the reason that the hyperthermophiles are claimed to be the last common ancestor of modern organisms. Even if they are the oldest extant organisms, which is in dispute, their existence can say nothing about the temperatures of the origin of life, the RNA world, and organisms preceding the hyperthermophiles. There is no geological evidence for the physical setting of the origin of life because there are no unmetamorphosed rocks from that period. Prebiotic chemistry points to a low-temperature origin because most biochemicals decompose rather rapidly at temperatures of 100°C (e.g., half-lives are 73 min for ribose, 21 days for cytosine, and 204 days for adenine). Hyperthermophiles may appear at the base of some phylogenetic trees because they outcompeted the mesophiles when they adapted to lower temperatures, possibly due to enhanced production of heat-shock proteins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 115 -117 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 424-431 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Last common ancestor — Semienzymatic synthesis — Evolution of metabolism — Heterotrophic origin of life
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. The heterotrophic theory of the origin of life is the only proposal available with experimental support. This comes from the ease of prebiotic synthesis under strongly reducing conditions. The prebiotic synthesis of organic compounds by reduction of CO2 to monomers used by the first organisms would also be considered an heterotrophic origin. Autotrophy means that the first organisms biosynthesized their cell constituents as well as assembling them. Prebiotic synthetic pathways are all different from the biosynthetic pathways of the last common ancestor (LCA). The steps leading to the origin of the metabolic pathways are closer to prebiotic chemistry than to those in the LCA. There may have been different biosynthetic routes between the prebiotic and the LCAs that played an early role in metabolism but have disappeared from extant organisms. The semienzymatic theory of the origin of metabolism proposed here is similar to the Horowitz hypothesis but includes the use of compounds leaking from preexisting pathways as well as prebiotic compounds from the environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 340-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 351 -353 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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