Keywords:
Polar regions -- Research -- International cooperation.
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Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book recounts the International Polar Years of 1882-83, 1932-33, 1957-58 and 2007-08, explaining their political, economic, technical and scientific background, and detailing the benefits of our expanded knowledge of the complexities of the polar regions.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (326 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783642124020
Series Statement:
From Pole to Pole Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=645825
DDC:
508.311072
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface to Series -- Letter from the Editorial Team -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 The First Three Polar Years A General Overview -- 1.1 The First Polar Year, 1882--1883 -- 1.2 The Second Polar Year, 1932--1933 -- 1.3 The International Geophysical Year, 1957--1958 -- References -- 2 The International Polar Year 1882--1883 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Organization and Effectuation of the Polar Year -- References -- 3 The Expeditions of the First International Polar Year -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Austro-Hungarian Station on Jan Mayen -- 3.3 Denmarks Station at Godthaab, Greenland -- 3.4 The Finnish Stations -- 3.4.1 Sodankylä -- 3.4.2 Kultala -- 3.4.3 An Extra Year -- 3.4.4 Results -- 3.5 The French Station at Cabo de Hornos Cape Horn -- 3.6 The German Stations -- 3.6.1 Kingua (Clearwater) Fjord, Baffin Island -- 3.6.2 South Georgia -- 3.6.3 German Auxiliary Expedition to the Labrador Coast -- 3.7 Great Britain at Fort Rae, Canada -- 3.8 The Netherlands Beset in the Ice of the Kara Sea -- 3.8.1 The Beginning -- 3.8.2 Financial Support -- 3.8.3 The Dutch Polar Expedition -- 3.8.4 Into the Ice -- 3.8.5 On the Home Front -- 3.8.6 The Results -- 3.9 The Norwegian Stations -- 3.9.1 Bossekop -- 3.9.2 Sophus Tromholt -- 3.10 The Russian Polar Stations -- 3.10.1 The Polar Station in the Lena Delta -- 3.10.2 The Polar Station in Novaya Zemlya -- 3.11 The Swedish Expedition to Svalbard -- 3.12 USA The American Expeditions -- 3.12.1 Lady Franklin Bay, Canada -- 3.12.2 Point Barrow, Alaska -- 3.12.3 Lucien Turner at Fort Chimo, Ungava Bay, Canada -- References -- 4 An Evaluation of the Achievements of the First International Polar Year -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Presentism or Reading the Present into the Past -- 4.3 Facilities and Instruments -- 4.4 Process of Observation and Sources of Error.
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4.5 The Primacy of Inductivism as an Ideal of Science and Way of Life -- 4.6 The Question of Leadership Coordination Is Not the Same as Cooperation and Integrative Efforts in Research -- 4.7 (Under-) Utilisation of the Results -- 4.8 Incidental Findings -- 4.9 Conclusion -- References -- 5 International Cooperation in Antarctica 1901--1904 -- References -- 6 The Second International Polar Year 1932--1933 -- References -- 7 Some IPY-2 Histories -- 7.1 14 Months in the Arctic The Austrian Polar Expedition to Jan Mayen 1932--1933 -- 7.2 The French Expedition to Greenland -- 7.3 The Dutch Contribution to the Second International Polar Year 1932--1933 -- 7.3.1 The Dutch IPY-Station in Ammassalik -- 7.3.2 First Biological Research in an IPY -- 7.3.3 The Dutch IPY Aerological Station at Reykjavik -- 7.3.4 Conclusions -- 7.4 Norwegian Participation -- 7.5 Island of Fogs and Gales The First Polish Expedition to Bjrnya (Bear Island) during IPY-2 -- 7.5.1 Preparation -- 7.5.2 The Expedition to Bear Island -- 7.5.3 Results -- 7.6 Sweden in Svalbard -- References -- 8 Achievements of the Second International Polar Year -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Significance of the Organizational Framework of IPY-2 for the Quality of Its Results -- 8.3 Essential Tension Between Research and Monitoring -- 8.4 Logistics and Instrumentation -- 8.5 Epistemology: A Combination of Inductivism and Hypothesis-Driven Research -- 8.6 Results and la Cours Quest to Ensure a Legacy -- Appendix: Carrnegie Institute of Washington, DC: Archive Material Gathered 1931--1936 -- References -- 9 Origins of the International Geophysical Year -- References -- 10 The IPY-3: The International Geophysical Year (1957--1958) -- 10.1 Geopolitics of the International Geophysical Year (1957--1958): The Case of Antarctica -- 10.1.1 The IGY Antarctic Conference, Paris, 1955 -- 10.1.2 The IGY and Antarctica.
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10.1.3 The Road to Washington -- 10.2 Argentina and Chile -- 10.3 Assault on the Interior Establishing the IGY Soviet Antarctic Inner-Continental Stations -- 10.3.1 Introduction -- 10.3.2 Preparations -- 10.3.3 The Attempts -- 10.3.4 Partial Success -- 10.3.5 The Last Hurdle -- References -- 11 The Achievements of the IGY -- 11.1 IGY Research -- 11.1.1 Scope of the IGY -- 11.1.2 The Antarctic Focus -- 11.1.3 New Technologies, Instruments and Scientific Avenues -- 11.1.4 Atmospheric and Cryospheric Processes -- 11.1.5 The World's Oceans -- 11.1.6 Incidental Biological Studies -- 11.1.7 Concluding Remark -- 11.2 The International Geophysical Year (IGY) and the Antarctic Treaty The Interface of Science and Law -- 11.2.1 Overview -- 11.2.2 Antarctica before the IGY -- 11.2.3 The IGY Scientific Revolution -- 11.2.4 The Treaty Regime and Science -- References and Further Reading -- 12 Side-Effects and Traces of the Early IPYs -- 12.1 Archaeological Remains -- 12.1.1 IPY-1 -- 12.1.2 Examples of IPY-2 Stations -- 12.1.3 IPY-3/IGY -- 12.2 Original Scientific Data and Instrumentation as Historical Artefacts -- 12.3 Creative Reflections -- 12.4 To Give all for Science -- 12.5 The Wider Heritage -- References -- 13 International Meteorological and Magnetic Co-operations in Polar Regions -- 14 Why Do We Have a 4th IPY? -- 14.1 Scientific Plan of IPY 2007--2008 -- 14.2 Initial Ideas and Expressions of Interest -- 14.3 From Ideas to Projects -- 14.4 Extending the Science Plan Across Three Years -- 14.5 The Full and Final IPY Science Plan -- 14.6 Participating Countries -- 14.7 A Focus on Northern Residents and Indigenous Partners -- 14.8 Summary -- References -- Index.
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