Schlagwort(e):
Ecology -- Methodology.
;
Ecology.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
This book discusses the impact of recent advances in the theory of "scaling relationships" and identifies critical issues that must be considered if experimental results are used to understand the temporal and spatial scales of actual ecosystems. The complexity of ecosystems complicates experimental design. How, for example, does a scientist draw boundaries when studying species effects and interactions? Once these boundaries are drawn, how does one treat factors external to that study? Will the failure to consider external factors affect one's ability to extrapolate information across temporal and spatial scales? This volume provides a compilation from a broad range of ecologists with extensive experimental research experience that addresses these and other questions of scaling relations.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (362 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780231504935
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=949020
DDC:
577/.028
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Intro -- Half title -- Series Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I. Background -- Chapter 1. Scale-Dependence and the Problem of Extrapolation: Implications for Experimental and Natural Coastal Ecosystems -- Experiments and Scale: Key Concepts -- Theory of Scaling Relations -- Scaling Relations in Natural and Experimental Ecosystems -- Scaling Experimental Ecosystems: Approaches and Examples -- Comments -- Appendix -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Part II. Scaling Theory -- Chapter 2. Understanding the Problem of Scale in Experimental Ecology -- Experiments in Ecology -- Scale in Ecology -- Dealing with Scale -- Scaling Organism Responses -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 3. The Nature of the Scale Issue in Experimentation -- Assumptions and Predictions -- Analog and Digital Experimentation -- Experiments and Description -- Assumptions and What Is Reasonable -- Experimentation to Achieve New Levels of Analysis -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 4. Spatial Allometry: Theory and Application to Experimental and Natural Aquatic Ecosystems -- Scaled Quantities and Scope -- Similarity, Scaling Theory, and Scaling Functions -- Application: Primary Production in Lakes -- Application: Fish Catch from Lakes -- Application: Biomass Accumulation in Mesocosms -- Application: Primary Production in Mesocosms -- Scaling Theory: Spatial Allometry for Antagonistic Rates -- Application: Adult-Juvenile Interactions in Benthic Communities -- Application to Mesocosm Analysis -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Part III. Scaling Mesocosms to Nature -- Chapter 5. Getting It Right and Wrong: Extrapolations Across Experimental Scales -- Successful Extrapolation: An Example.
,
Comparative Frameworks -- Extrapolation and Lake Enclosure Experiments -- Scales of Interest, Soft Extrapolation, and Context -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 6. Some Reluctant Ruminations on Scales (and Claws and Teeth) in Marine Mesocosms -- The 1-10 cm Dilemma -- "As Simple as Possible-But No Simpler" -- Hierarchy and Scale -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 7. Evaluating and Modeling Foraging Performance of Planktivorous and Piscivorous Fish: Effects of Containment and Issues of Scale -- Conceptual Model of Scale-Dependent Constraints on Foraging -- Modeling Planktivore and Piscivore Behavior -- Implications of Containment for Growth Rates of Fish -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 8. Experimental Validity and Ecological Scale as Criteria for Evaluating Research Programs -- Scale, Validity, and Ecological Experiments -- A Scale-Validity Framework for Experimental Ecology -- Biodiversity and Ecosystem-Functioning Experiments as Illustration -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Part IV. Scale and Experiment in Different Ecosystems -- Chapter 9. Scaling Issues in Experimental Ecology: Freshwater Ecosystems -- Scale Considerations When Conducting Freshwater Experiments -- Assessing Responses in Freshwater Experiments -- Explicit Tests of Scaling Gradients -- Lessons to Be Learned from Unrealistic Experiments -- Freshwater versus Estuarine Experiments and Ecosystems -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 10. Terrestrial Perspectives on Issues of Scale in Experimental Ecology -- The Experimentalists' View of Scale -- Theoretical Perspective of Scaling in Experiments -- The Need to Integrate Theory and Design -- Challenges for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 11. Issues of Scale in Land-Margin Ecosystems.
,
Definitions of Scale, Scaling, and Scale-Dependent Behavior -- Characteristics of Land-Margin Ecosystems -- Scaled Relationships in Land-Margin Ecosystems and Mesocosms -- Issues of Special Concern in Design and Use of Land-Margin Mesocosms -- Tools for Analysis of Scale and Extrapolating Among Scales in Land-Margin Systems -- Recommendations Concerning Future Work on Scaling of Land-Margin System Properties -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 12. Scaling Issues in Marine Experimental Ecosystems: The Role of Patchiness -- Patchiness in the Pelagic Ocean -- Patchiness Issues Associated with Experimental Ecosystems -- Linking Experimental Ecosystems to Marine Systems -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Index.
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