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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: One of the two objectives of the Vemanaute cruise of the French deep submersible Nautile, was the geological study of the eastern intersection area between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and the Vema Fracture Zone in the equatorial Atlantic. Fourteen dives were conducted that allowed detailed geological survey and sampling of the main morphostructural units of this area: the northern and southern walls of the fracture zone, the median ridge, the northern and southern troughs and the nodal basin. In situ observations of recent tectonic features such as furrows, ridges and circular depressions, concentrated within the southern trough, allowed us to establish the location and the size of the present-day displacement zone. Geological investigations have shown that the nodal basin is entirely floored by basalts thus contrasting with other equivalent areas such as the Kane and Oceanographer fracture zone-MAR eastern intersections. Finally, this study stresses the great opposition between the relatively old and tectonically inactive northern part of the fracture, and the southern part which shows active tectonics and recent volcanic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 850-852 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The nepheline gabbro (P6707-25F) is a subangular block coated by a thin crust of MnO2 and weighing about 0-5 kg. The rock is holocrystalline and panidiomorphic, but not equigranular; in parts it is coarsely crystalline (plagioclase and pyroxene crystals up to 7 mm long); in other parts the crystals ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 49 (1975), S. 233-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Rodingites were dredged from fracture zones of the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge along with serpentinized ultramafics, and fresh and metamorphosed basalts and gabbroids. These rodingites were generated by a metasomatic process at low temperature involving an enrichment in lime and water, and a loss of silica and alkalis. The parent rocks were gabbronorites which intruded ultramafic material as it ascended from the upper mantle to its present location in the upper oceanic crust. The gabbronorites were probably altered to rodingites while they were still in the lower oceanic crust. Since the rodingitization process appears to be concomitant, complementary and simultaneous with the serpentinization of the host ultramafic rocks, we infer that the serpentinization process also took place in the deeper part of the oceanic crust. These two simultaneous metasomatic processes thus predate the major phase of tectonic events which uplifted these blocks as cold, solid diapiric emplacements of ultramafic material and accompanying rodingites to their present positions along lines of weakness expressed as fracture zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 87 (1984), S. 149-169 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Basalts from DSDP Site 417 (109 Ma) exhibit the effects of several stages of alteration reflecting the evolution of seawater-derived solution compositions and control by the structure and permeability of the crust. Characteristic secondary mineral assemblages occur in often superimposed alteration zones within individual basalt fragments. By combining bulk rock and single phase chemical analyses with detailed mineralogic and petrographic studies, chemical changes have been determined for most of the alteration stages identified in the basalts. 1) Minor amounts of saponite, chlorite, and pyrite formed locally in coarse grained portions of massive units, possibly at high temperatures during initial cooling of the basalts. No chemical changes could be determined for this stage. 2) Possible mixing of cooled hydrothermal fluids with seawater resulted in the formation of celadonite-nontronite and Fe-hydroxide-rich black halos around cracks and pillow rims. Gains of K, Rb, H2O, increase of Fe3+/FeT, and possibly some losses of Ca and Mg occurred during this stage. 3a) Extensive circulation of oxygenated seawater resulted in the formation of various smectites, K-feldspar, and Fe-hydroxides in brown and light grey alteration zones around formerly exposed surfaces. K, Rb, H2O, and occasionally P were added to the rocks, Fe3+/FeT increased, and Ca, Mg, Si and occasionally Al and Na were lost. 3b) Anoxic alteration occurred during reaction of basalt with seawater at low water-rock ratios, or with seawater that had previously reacted with basalt. Saponite-rich dark grey alteration zones formed which exhibit very little chemical change: generally only slight increases in Fe3+/FeT and H2O occurred. 4) Zeolites and calcite formed from seawater-derived fluids modified by previous reactions with basalt. Chemical changes involved increases of Ca, Na, H2O, and CO2 in the rocks. 5) A late stage of anoxic conditions resulted in the formation of minor amounts of Mn-calcites and secondary sulfides in previously oxidized rocks. No chemical changes were determined for this stage. Recognition of such alteration sequences is important in understanding the evolution of submarine hydrothermal systems and in interpreting chemical exchange due to seawater-basalt reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 10 (1988), S. 233-259 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; hydrothermal processes ; seafloor spreading ; oceanic ridges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rift valley at three widely separated sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is characterized using geological and geophysical data. An analysis of bottom photographs and fine-scale bathymetry indicates that each study area has a unique detailed geology and structure. Spreading rates are apparently asymmetric at each site. Relationships between tectonic and volcanic structure and hydrothermal activity show that various stages in the evolution of the rift valley are most favorable for seafloor expression of hydrothermal activity. In a stage found at 26°08′ N, site 1 (TAG), the rift valley is narrow, consisting of both a narrow volcanically active valley floor and inner walls with small overall slopes. High-temperature hydrothermal venting occurs along the faster spreading eastern inner wall of this U-shaped rift valley. Site 2 (16°46′ N) has a narrow valley floor and wide block faulted walls and is at a stage where the rift valley is characterized by a V-shape. No neovolcanic zone is observed within the marginally faulted, predominantly sedimented floor and hydrothermal activity is not observed. The rift valley at site 3 (14°54′ N), with postulated extrusive volcanic activity and a stage in valley evolution tending toward a U-shape, shows evidence of hydrothermal activity within the slightly faster spreading eastern inner wall. Evidence for tectonic activity (inward- and outward-facing faults and pervasive fissuring) exists throughout the wide inner wall. Hydrothermal activity appears to be favored within a U-shaped rift valley characterized by a narrow neovolcanic zone and secondarily faulted inner walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 57 (1968), S. 719-736 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The authors give a brief description and their interpretation of the different types of xenoliths found in the volcanites of the Eolian Islands. The petrologic study of the xenoliths leads them to conclusions about the nature of the islands' basement and about the paleogeography of the Tyrrhenean Sea. Presence or absence of rock types among the xenoliths limit the possibility for anatexis and assimilation in magma generation and differentiation. Xenoliths transformed by contact metamorphism into cordierite-potash feldspar-hornfelses, plagioclase-pyroxene-hornfelses, calc-silicate-hornfelses, quarzites are witnesses of a thick sedimentary cover, corresponding lithologically to the miopliocene sedimentary cover of the Calabro-Peloritanian massif. Xenoliths of sillimanite-garnet-gneisses, amphibolites and hornblendites and of granitic to granodioritic plutonic rocks prove the existence, under the sedimentary cover, of a basement formed by typical sialic rocks. At Stromboli where hornfelses of sedimentary origin are well represented, up to now no gneissic or granitic xenoliths have been found. The opinion that a sialic basement could be absent beneath this island conforms with the absence of acid (liparitic) lavas.
    Abstract: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent brièvement et interprètent les différents types de xénolites qui ont été trouvés dans les volcanites des îles éoliennes. Cette étude pétrologique les amène à envisager la nature du soubassement de ces iles et la paléogéographie de la région tyrrhénienne ainsi que les possibilités d'assimilation et d'anatexie dans la magmatologie. Les xénolites formés de sédiments transformés par le métamorphisme de contact, principalement dans les conditions du faciès « Pyroxen-Hornfels », témoignent de l'existence d'une couverture sédimentaire dont les schistes pélitiques ont été transformés en cornéennes à cordierite, feldspaths potassiques, grenat etc., les marnes en cornéennes à pyroxenes et plagioclases, les calcaires marneux en roches « calcsilicatées » et dont les sables siliceux ont plus ou moins recristallisé. Ces variations de la nature lithologique des sédiments initiaux correspondent à celles de la couverture sédimentaire mio-pliocène du massif Calabro-Péloritain. Les xénolites constitués par des gneiss à sillimanite et grenat, par des amphibolites et des hornblendites, par des granites et grano-diorites prouvent l'existence, sous la couverture sédimentaire, d'un socle sialique formé, entre autres, de roches métamorphiques appartenant à la mésozone profonde. Les auteurs discutent en outre la présence du même soubassement sialique au Stromboli, oú aucun xénolite gneissique ou granitique n'a été découvert, tandis que des cornéennes d'origine sédimentaire y sont fréquentes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Beschreibung und Interpretation der verschiedenen Gesteinstypen, die sich als xenolithische Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in vulkanischen Gesteinen der Äolischen Inseln finden, erlauben Rückschlüsse über den Aufbau des Sockels der Vulkaninseln, über den Untergrund des Tyrrhenischen Meeres und über die möglichen magmatologisch wichtigen Prozesse der Assimilation und Anatexis von Krustengesteinen. Cordierit-Kalifeldspat-Hornfelse, Plagioklas-Pyroxen-Hornfelse, Kalksilikatfelse und Quarzgesteine stellen kontaktmetamorphe Sedimente dar, deren ursprüngliche Zusammensetzung mit der lithologischen Variationsbreite der miopliozänen Sedimentbedeckung des Kalabro-Peloritanischen Massivs übereinstimmt. Granat-Sillimanit-Gneise, Amphibolite, Hornblendite und granitische Gesteine als xenolithische Komponenten beweisen die Existenz einer sialischen Kruste unter der Sedimentdecke. Das Fehlen einer sialischen Kruste unter der Insel Stromboli, der nördlichsten der Äolischen Inseln, wird zur Diskussion gestellt.
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Clauer, Norbert; O´Neil, J R; Honnorez, Jose J; Buatier, Martine D (2011): 87Sr/86Sr and d18O/d16O ratios of clays from a hydrothermal area near the Galapagos rift as records of origin, crystallization temperature and fluid composition. Marine Geology, 288, 32-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.07.003
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Strontium and O isotope compositions of green clay minerals from sediment cores of three boreholes drilled into (sites 424A and 509B) and close to a hydrothermal mound (site 424B) near the Galapagos Spreading Center (DSDP Legs 54 and 70) were determined. The green clays consist mostly of a transition from Fesmectite (nontronite) to glauconite. 87Sr/86Sr ratios were measured on clay size-fractions after gentle acid leaching and on the recovered leachates from different samples. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the clay residues from both the 424A and B sites are well below the modern seawater value, which points consistently to precipitation from hydrothermal fluids that contained variable amounts of seawater, even away from mound. However, most of the clay residues from mound site 509B have 87Sr/86Sr ratios significantly above the seawater value, suggesting the occurrence of a detrital component together with the new authigenic particles. The clay minerals of the hydrothermal mound are mixed with detrital components, and that of the sample taken outside but near the mound as a reference for the surrounding oceanic environment, yields a hydrothermal signature. Crystallization temperatures of the clays range from 32 to 63 °C assuming a d18O value of +2.2 per mil for the mineralizing fluids. Hydrothermal fluids generated in the underlying oceanic crust, mixed in varied proportions with ambient seawater and migrated into beds of the mound in a sequence of recurrent processes that ultimately resulted in the formation of the observed clay minerals. No significant temperature differences were detected for crystallization of the K-rich glauconite and K-depleted nontronite. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Sr leached off the clay particles are near the value of modern seawater, inferring a progressive replacement of the hydrothermal fluids by seawater in the pore space of the mound sediments.
    Keywords: Deep Sea Drilling Project; DSDP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 70-506H; Clay minerals; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Diatoms; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Foraminifera; Glomar Challenger; Leg70; Lithology/composition/facies; Nannofossils; North Pacific/MOUND; Radiolarians; Sample code/label; Sand; Silt; Size fraction 〈 0.002 mm, clay; Smear slide analysis; Volcanic glass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 70-506G; Clay minerals; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Foraminifera; Glomar Challenger; Leg70; Lithology/composition/facies; Nannofossils; North Pacific/MOUND; Sample code/label; Sand; Silt; Size fraction 〈 0.002 mm, clay; Smear slide analysis; Volcanic glass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 50 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 83-504B; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Feldspar; Glomar Challenger; Leg83; Lithology/composition/facies; Quartz; Sample code/label; Sand; Silt; Size fraction 〈 0.002 mm, clay; Smear slide analysis
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8 data points
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