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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Series Statement: ICES council meeting papers 1986(8)
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 43 (1989), S. 579-586 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 22 (1971), S. 401-416 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. As in other parts of the North Sea, dinoflagellate red tides occurred in Helgoland waters in August, 1968. Measurements of plankton, and physical and chemical water properties at the permanent station “Helgoland Roads” were analyzed to describe the blooms. In addition, planktological and hydrographical investigations at three areas south, southwest and northwest of Helgoland on 27 and 28 August, as well as at two drifting stations off the mouths of the Elbe and Eider rivers on 6 and 8 August, were used for this work. 2.Gymnodinium sp. was abundant at all these localities, forming blooms near Helgoland from 14 to 30 August, with a maximum of 3 to 3.25 × 106 cells/l (and 18 to 19µg chlorophylla/l) on 28 and 30 August at Helgoland Roads. The primary production was as high as 0.98 mg C/l in 6 hours in a suspension of 3.7 × 106 Gymnodinium/l, where diatoms had been removed. This means that one millionGymnodinium produced 0.265 mg C in 6 hours. At Helgoland Roads nitrate and nitrite were depleted at times, but not phosphate. 3. About 3 × 106 Gymnodinium sp./l were found in the upper 16.5 m of water investigated around Helgoland on 27 and 28 August (maximal 7.8 × 106 cells/l at 3 m). There was a marked vertical stratification ofGymnodinium with a concentration towards the surface during the day. This was particularly the case in the turbid water off the Elbe estuary, where numbers up to 0.3 × 106/l were counted.Gymnodinium sp. formed 96 to 99 % of the phytoplankton biomass during maximal development. The chlorophylla content of one millionGymnodinium was only 3.5µg. An extinktion of E=0.083/1 m was measured in a suspension of 106 Gymnodinium/l in samples with minimal other plankton and detritus. 4. The water masses containingGymnodinium blooms, which reached Helgoland after a change of wind direction, were characterized by lower salinity and higher temperature. This indicates that blooms developed in the coastally influenced water masses east of Helgoland. The red tides occurred during a period of minimal discharge of Elbe river water and of relatively high salinity of the coastal water in the Inner German Bight. They developed after a long period of calm winds. There were no records of reported fish or shellfish poisoning.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Wie in anderen Teilen der Nordsee traten auch in der Helgoländer Bucht im August 1968 starke Wucherungen von Dinoflagellaten auf. Untersuchungen des Planktons und der Wassereigenschaften auf der Helgoland-Reede sowie auf weiteren Stationen in der Helgoländer Bucht wurden für die Erklärung dieser Erscheinung ausgewertet. In allen untersuchten Gebieten (Fig. 1) fand sichGymnodinium sp. als dominante Planktonform. Gymnodinien-Wucherungen traten auf der Helgoland-Reede in der Zeit vom 14.–30. August auf und erreichten Zellzahlen von über 3 × 106/l am 28. und 30. August, bei nur 18–19µg Chlorophylla/l. Eine Million Gymnodinien produzierten 0,265 mg C in 6 Stunden im Inkubator. Etwa 3 × 106 Gymnodinium sp. wurden in den obersten 16,5 m der Wassersäule in der Nähe Helgolands während des Blüte-Maximums gemessen (maximal 7,8 × 106/l in 3 m). Die Gymnodinien waren tagsüber in den obersten Metern konzentriert. Eine solche Vertikalschichtung war besonders im Küstenwasser vor der Elbmündung ausgeprägt, wo bis zu 0,3 × 106 Zellen/l gefunden wurden.Gymnodinium sp. bildete 96–99 % der Biomasse während der Blüte bei Helgoland. Es wurden ein Chlorophyll-a-Gehalt von nur 3,5µg für 106 Zellen ermittelt und eine Extinktion von E=0,083/1 m für eine Suspension von 106 Gymnodinien/l in Proben mit minimalem Gehalt an übrigem Plankton und Detritus gemessen. Der Nitrat- und Nitritgehalt im Wasser war zeitweise erschöpft, nicht aber das Phosphat. Wenn Wassermassen mitGymnodinium-Blüten nach Helgoland gedriftet wurden, fiel der Salzgehalt, und die Temperatur stieg an, was auf eine Entstehung der Wucherungen im brackwasser-beeinflußten Gebiet östlich Helgolands hindeutet. DieGymnodinium-Blüten entwickelten sich nach einer außergewöhnlich langen windarmen Periode und während eines minimalen Süßwasserzuflusses aus der Elbe. Vergiftungserscheinungen an Seetieren wurden bei Helgoland nicht festgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 40 (1986), S. 377-395 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spionid polychaete speciesPolydora ligni, P. ciliata, andPygospio elegans were cultivated in the laboratory over several successive generations. A flow-through cultivation system forPolydora spp. is described. Duration of life cycles (time from hatching of the larva to first reproduction) and life spans (hatching to death) of these species were not significantly influenced by the degree of inbreeding nor by individual age of the parents. Minimum time from metamorphosis (15-setiger stage) to first hatching of offspring larvae (in the 3-setiger stage) at 18°C was 33 days inPolydora spp. and 81 days inPygospio elegans. Larval growth patterns are described in terms of number of setigers, body length, and biomass (dry weight, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen), in relation to time after hatching. Regression models are proposed which link these measures of larval growth and, thus, may be used for conversions. Rates of development and growth show a high degree of variability in all three species, not only caused by variation in environmental factors such as temperature or food, but also among and within single hatches of larvae reared under identical conditions. Larvae were reared at constant temperatures (6°, 12°, and 18°C). Temperature affected larval growth inPolydora ligni more than inP. ciliata, and least of all inPygospio elegans. Only the latter species was able to develop at 6°C from hatching to metamorphosis. This differential response may be explained by differences in the natural spawning season of these species. Eleven phytoplankton species were tested as to their food values. A “relative index of growth” is proposed which compares the slopes of two growth curves (one standard and one test condition). The flagellateDunaliella tertiolecta was used as a standard food in these experiments. Most algal species were less suitable, and only the diatomThalassiosira rotula was consistently better food for spionid larvae thanD. tertiolecta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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