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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heavy Metal Stress in Plants : From Molecules to Ecosystems. (1999)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Heavy metals-Environmental plants. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (405 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662077450
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6502365
    DDC: 571.9/543
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of Cd2+ and Fe2+ by excised roots of Tamarix aphylla (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The uptake of Cd2+ by excised roots of Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst, was investigated using roots of hydroponically grown plants. The concentration isotherm of Cd2+ uptake approached saturation with a single phase hyperbola. The time course of Cd2+ absorption was generally hyperbolic, with an apparent linear section between 2 and 30 min. The temperature response varied among different temperature ranges: a Q10 of approximately 1.9 was found between 10 and 20°C, but at higher and lower temperatures Q10 values were only 1–1.3. It is concluded that Cd2+ uptake by the roots of T. aphylla at moderate temperatures is mediated by a metabolic process, combined with a passive influx component that becomes dominant at higher and lower temperatures. The distribution of the absorption sites for Cd2+ and for Fe2+ along the roots of T. aphylla was also investigated. Cadmium uptake showed no apparent pattern, whereas a distinct pattern of uptake was observed for Fe2+, with the highest rates at the root tip. Iron absorption was stimulated in the presence of nutrients, whereas that of Cd2+ was inhibited. Adsorption and absorption of Cd2+ were strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and by Mg2+, but were unaffected by Fe2+. Monovalent ions (Na+, K+, Li+) also reduced Cd2+ absorption, but to a lesser extent than Ca2+ and Mg2+. Uptake of Cd+ was reduced at lower pH of the medium. The importance of interfering cations for Cd2+ tolerance of T. aphylla is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb04977.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of ions (Cd2+, Li+, Na+ and Cl−) by Tamarix aphylla (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 73 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Excretion of minerals by the NaCl-resistant and comparatively cadmium-resistant tree Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst, was investigated. Cd2+ was excreted by plants exposed for 1–10 days to 9 or 45 μM Cd2+ solutions. Excretion of this toxic ion increased considerably with time but was less than 5% of the quantities that had been accumulated in the shoots. Excretion of Na+ and Cl− was positively correlated with NaCl concentration (1.5, 10, 50 mM) of the medium. The Na+/Cl− ratios of the excrete were positively correlated with the concentration of the treatment solution. Ca2+ excretion decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations of the solution. Excretion of K+ and Mg2+ was only little affected by NaCl. Excretion of Li+ occurred whenever this element was supplied in the uptake solution; daily excretion rates of Li+ increased with time. The ecological significance of excretion is discussed in relation to the low selectivity of the mechanism in T. aphylla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb05438.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of NaCl, Cd(NO3)2 and air humidity on transpiration of Tamarix aphylla (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 75 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transpiration rates of young Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst, plants grown in hydroponics were measured under NaCl- and Cd(NO3)2-stress. Transpiration rates were negatively correlated with the relative humidity of the ambient air at all NaCl concentrations investigated. Low and intermediate concentrations of Cd2+ (45 and 90 μM, respectively) in the medium caused an increase in transpiration rates. This was particularly pronounced at low levels of relative humidity. At 180 μM Cd2+, transpiration rates dropped, probably as a result of root damage due to Cd2+ toxicity. Since the transpiration rates differed by a factor of ca 3 between day and night, it is concluded that the stomata did not lose their ability to regulate transpiration under the influence of NaCl or of Cd(NO3)2. The transpiration behaviour of T. aphylla indicates that the effect of water vapour pressure (presented as relative humidity) on the degree of stomatal opening is small. Under conditions of ample water supply transpiration follows the evaporative demand of the ambient air and is influenced by the water uptake capacity of the root system as well as by other environmental factors, e.g. light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06181.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial distributions of Cd in stems of oak trees (Quercus robur L.) re-analyzed after 10 years (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 200-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cd ; Heartwood ; Quercus robur ; Sapwood ; Tree rings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Radial distribution patterns of Cd were determined in stems of the same oak trees (Quercus robur L.) in 1983 and again in 1994. On both sampling dates the same distribution patterns were generally observed. Highest concentrations of Cd were found at the sapwood-heart-wood transition. A sharp drop over this boundary towards inner parts of the stems occurred in all trees. In the decade between the two investigations the sapwood-heartwood boundaries had shifted outwards by 9–11 annual rings. The Cd peaks at the boundaries were shifted by approximately the same interval. The results suggest that the described Cd peaks are mobile in a radial direction. The present location of such peaks cannot be used to infer the pollution history of the tree's environment. The Cd accumulation at the sapwood-heartwood boundary is probably affected by physiological processes in the wood. Thus it is concluded that radial distributions of Cd in stems of oak trees are no reliable source of information for retrospective monitoring of past time pollution levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195273
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cd and Zn on the development of annual xylem rings of young Norway spruce (Picea abies) plants (1994)
    Springer
    Trees 8 (1994), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Picea abies ; Tree rings ; Xylem growth ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three-year-old spruce (Picea abies) saplings were planted and cultivated for 2 years in pots with 3 1 substrate, consisting of a homogenized mixture of sand, peat and forest soil with a high organic content (volume ratio 1∶1.5∶2). This substrate was amended with 10–180 μmol Cd [kg soil dry weight (DW)]−1, 50–7500 μmol Zn (kg soil DW)−1 (determined with 1 M ammonium acetate extracts) or combinations of both elements. Annual xylem growth rings in stems of plants treated with 50 μmol Cd (kg soil DW)−1 or 7500 μmol Zn (kg soil DW)−1 were significantly narrower than in control plants. Growth reductions were more pronounced in the second year of the experiment. The contents of Cd and Zn in stem wood and needles were positively correlated with the substrate concentrations. The Mg contents of the spruce needles were inversely correlated with soil concentrations of Cd and Zn. Root development was impeded at moderate concentrations of Cd (50 μmol kg−1) or Zn (1000 μmol kg−1) in the substrate. The adverse effects of potentially toxic trace elements, like Cd or Zn, on xylem growth of spruce plants are discussed with regard to possible growth reductions in forest trees under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Cd and Zn in annual xylem rings of young spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] grown in contaminated soil (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Picea abies ; Tree rings ; Xylem ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations and total amounts of Cd and Zn in individual annual xylem increments of 5-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies) were investigated after one growing season in contaminated soils. The plants had been potted in soils amended with different concentrations of Cd and Zn and kept in open air conditions. In the outer xylem rings formed during the treatment period lowest concentrations of Cd and Zn were found. In inner rings concentrations of both elements increased and were highest at the pith. Total amounts of both elements showed reversed distribution patterns with highest values in the outermost rings. The observed increase of total dry matter of the rings from pith towards the outer rings was stronger than the parallel increase in total element amounts in the rings. Thus, concentrations dropped in younger rings. The time of the soil contamination event cannot be inferred from element concentrations in annual rings. The results challenge the concept of monitoring historical trends in trace element pollution using analytical data of tree rings of conifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195272
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium in Fagus sylvatica L. trees and seedlings: Leaching, uptake and interconnection with transpiration (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 29 (1986), S. 347-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Most of the airborne Cd-polluted particles which eventually precipitate in forest regions remain on the surface of the tree leaves and do not penetrate into the plants' live tissues. Such pollutions can be removed from the leaves by cation exchange or can be washed off with water of low pH. Acid rains and acid soils have contributed very much to the solubilization of Cd and to its transformation into an available ionic form which is later absorbed by tree roots. 115mCd uptake by young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) seems to be positively correlated with the concentrations of the applied solutions as well as with the duration of the exposure. Low environmental pH increases the rate of 115mCd uptake. High or low transpiration had no apparent effect on root absorption of Cd, but exposure of beech trees to a Cd(NO3)2 solution reduced their rates of transpiration after very few days of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283442
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metals in the lichen Ramalina duriaei transplanted at biomonitoring stations in the region of a coal-fired power plant in Israel after 3 years of operation (1988)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 38 (1988), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A survey of the heavy metal content in a transplanted lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. was carried out in the region of an Israeli coal-fired power plant. Nickel, Cr, Cu, and Zn were analyzed in the lichen exposed to environmental influences for a period of 1 yr. The concentrations of metals were compared with the concentrations of the same metals measured in R. duriaei transplanted to the study area prior to the operation of the power plant. The results show that after the 1983–1984 period, the regional concentrations of Cr in the transplanted lichen thalli were found to be higher than in the lichen thalli transplanted to the same sites during the period February 1979-March 1980, prior to the operation of the coal-fired power plant. A regional decrease in Zn concentration in the lichen exposed during the latter period is probably linked to the decrease in the use of this metal as a constituent of foliar nutrients in agriculture. The regional increase of Cr in the 1983–1984 lichen material is probably connected with the operation of the Maor David coal-fired power plant located at Sharonim. A local increase in the Ni and Cr concentrations was found in the lichen transplanted to a nature reserve located north of the power station.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280762
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial Distributions of Ph in Stems of 6-Year-Old Spruce Trees (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) Grown for 2 Years in Ph- Contaminated Soil} (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 111 (1999), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: dendroanalysis ; Pb ; Picea abies ; tree rings ; xylem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations and total quantities of Pb in annual growth rings of 6-year-old Picea abies trees were determined after two years of growth in Pb-contaminated soil. Xylem rings grown after Pb addition to the soil did not show highest Pb concentrations. Peak concentrations of Pb were found in inner, older rings. Radial distribution patterns of total Pb quantities in the rings were different from those of Pb concentrations in the rings. Relatively small quantities were found near the pith and in the outermost rings whereas larger amounts occurred in rings grown in the years just before or after the Pb treatment started. The results were compared to data of a previous harvest of spruce trees from the same experiment after one year of treatment. Radial distributions of Pb concentrations did not change in the period of one year between the first and the second harvest but concentration levels varied. The radial distributions of Pb concentrations were no chronological records of temporal variations in soil Pb levels. Neither concentrations nor quantities of Pb in growth rings were reliable indicators of the year when Pb was added to the soil. The results question the use of such data for biomonitoring of historical changes in environmental Pb pollution levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005019509655
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